SLAVERY WITHOUT SUBMISSION,
EMANCIPATION WITHOUT FREEDOM
CHAPTER NINE ANALYSIS
Presented by: Krystal Marie Edwards
OVERVIEW OF CHAPTER
During the 1800s the United States main reason
for supporting slavery was because slavery was
the main source of economics for the South.
 Slave revolts became more and more frequent
and they take place in many different places in
the United States.
 There was a strong connection among slaves and
their families
 The Fugitive Act is passed in 1850, which made it
easy for slave owners to recapture ex-slaves or
simply pick any African Americans and claimed
they were ran aways.
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OVERVIEW OF CHAPTER
Fredrick Douglas, Nat Turner, J.W. Loguen,
Harriet Tubman and W.E.B Du Bois contribute
to helping slaves.
 Abraham Lincoln becomes president in March of
1861.
 Southern States separate from the North.
 The Civil War begans in 1861 due to the
Confederate States refusal to rejoin the Union.
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OVERVIEW OF CHAPTER
In 1861 the Confiscation Act is passed by
Congress, allowing confiscation of any property
being used to support the Confederate
independence effort, including slaves.
 African Americans are able to gain freedom if
they fight for the Union. The recruitment of
African Americans increases to help win the war.
 The reaction to slaves becoming free is one of
mixed reactions between African Americans and
Whites.
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OVERVIEW OF CHAPTER
The 13th Amendment is adopted by the Senate to
end slavery and on January 1865 the House of
Representatives agrees which led to the end of
slavery.
 The 14th Amendment in 1868 was overturned
which addressed the citizenship rights and equal
protection of African Americans
 The 15th Amendment states that not citizen
should be denied the right to vote on the basis
race, color, or previous condition of Servitude
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OVERVIEW OF CHAPTER
Violence erupts after the Civil War
 The Southern white Oligarchy use its economic
power to organize the Ku Klux Klan
 May 1866, Memphis Tennessee whites on
rampage kill forty-six blacks, five black women
are raped, and ninety homes, twelve schools and
four churches were burned.
 From 1860 to the early 1870s the Ku Klux Klan
organizes raids, lynching, beatings and burnings.
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OVERVIEW OF CHAPTER
The government became less enthusiastic about
defending blacks, which is seen in the court case
Plessy vs Ferguson when the court ruled that the
railroad could segregate blacks.
 The atmosphere among African American
leader’s changes and some began to question if
they really are free.
 Booker T. Washington advise caution and
moderation for blacks
 John Hope and W.E.B. Du Bois and other leaders
give hope to African Americans.
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A map of States in 1854 : The Black States are Slave
States, Red States are free and the Green area is
territories where “Popular Sovereignty” was in
affect.
KEY POINTS IN CHAPTER NINE
SLAVE REVOLTS
KEY POINTS IN THE CHAPTER : SLAVE
REVOLTS
The largest slave revolt in the United States took
place near New Orleans in 1811 which included
four to five hundred slaves.
 Nat Turner’s slave revolt was led by Nat Turner
a religious leader. Turner’s rebellion took in
Southampton, Virginia in the summer of 1831;
slaves went on a rampage from plantation to
plantation.
 Harriet Tubman, the most famous conductor of
the Underground Railroad escorted more than
three hundred slaves to freedom.
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KEY EVENTS IN THE CHAPTER : SLAVE
REVOLTS
Rebellion was a fear of slave-owners and there
was a strong need for slave control. One example
was religion. Whites controlled African American
time for religion allowing one hour every Sabbath
morning.
 Slave communities revolted in many different
forms. Some strategies were small like low
productivity or big for example protesting,
running away and speaking outwardly against
slavery.
 According to Zinn he wrote, “Running away was
much more realistic than armed insurrection.
During the 19850s about a thousand slaves a
year escaped into the North, Canada, and
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ABRAHAM LINCOLN
KEY POINTS IN THE CHAPTER: ABRAHAM
LINCOLN, THE CIVIL WAR AND THE
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
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Lincoln’s principle objective was to save the Union
when he first became president and not to free the
slaves. As he stated in his first Inaugural Address in
March 1861, “I have no purpose, directly or indirectly,
to interfere with the institution of slavery in the
States where it exist. I believe I have no lawful right
to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.”
As Zinn wrote, “He would keep the abolition of
slavery not at the top of his list of priorities, but close
enough to the top so it could be push there
temporarily by abolitionist pressures and by practical
political advantage.”
Lincoln was able to argue against slavery on moral
grounds under skillful mask of politics.
KEY POINTS IN THE CHAPTER: ABRAHAM
LINCOLN, THE CIVIL WAR AND THE
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
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Zinn wrote, “It was only as the war grew more bitter,
the casualties mounted, desperation to win
heightened, and the criticism of the abolitionists
threatened to unravel that tattered coalition behind
Lincoln that he began to act against slavery.”
As the Civil War continued Congress passed the
Confiscation Act which allowed freeing slaves who
fought for the Union.
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued January
1, 1863 which declares all slaves free who were
fighting and in the summer 1864,400,000 signatures
were gathered asking legislation to end slavery. It
was sent to Congress and in April the Senate had
adopted the 13th Amendment ending slavery.
KEY POINTS IN THE CHAPTER: THE
AMENDMENTS
The 13th Amendment meant for slaves, slavery
was ended
 The 14th Amendment was challenged in the Dred
Scott vs. Sanford when a slave sued for freedom
but was denied by the Supreme Court because he
was not a person but he was property. The court
ruled that Americans descended from African
slaves could not be citizens of the United States.
But in 1868 it was overturned granting
citizenship to all those born in the United States
regardless of color.
 The 15th Amendment was the right to vote and no
one should be denied based on their color, race or
previous condition of servitude.
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THE AFRICAN AMERICAN MOSAIC
KEY POINTS IN THE CHAPTER: BLACK
SPIRITUALITY & BLACK ACTIVIST
In the chapter Howard Zinn found in historian
Herbert Gutman’s book “The Black Family in
Slavery and Freedom,” showed a stubborn
resistance of slave families to the pressure of
disintegration. Gutman also showed stable
marriages among slave men and women.
 Zinn wrote about how there was stable family
networks, rare infidelity and resistance to forced
marriage in the slave community.
 Even under slavery, blacks had strength in
family, spirituality and survival and it was
unwavering. African American culture according
to Zinn was a complex mixture of adaptation and
rebellion through the creativity of stories and
songs
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KEY POINTS IN THE CHAPTER: BLACK
SPIRITUALITY & BLACK ACTIVIST
Another author referenced by Zinn in the chapter
was Lawrence Levine and his book “Black
Culture and Black Consciousness,” Levine saw
for slave’s music, magic, art, religion were ways
for slaves to hold on their humanity.
 Black’s activist and leaders in the North and
South played a key role in maintaining the
spirituality and motivation in the slave
community. David Walker son of a slave but was
born free became well known for his pamphlet
Walker’s Appeal. Walker’s pamphlet angered
slave owners because he vocalized his thoughts
and opinions on the injustices of slavery.
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KEY POINTS IN THE CHAPTER: BLACK
SPIRITUALITY & BLACK ACTIVIST
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Fredrick Douglas an African American social
reformer escaped from slavery and became a leader of
the abolitionist movement and famous for his
lecturers, newspaper editor and writer. Douglas
contributed profound thoughts and writings about
slavery and became a well-known voice among slave.
W.E.B Du Bois, J.W. Loguen and Fredrick Douglas
among other African American leaders saw the
constant struggles of slavery during this period and
saw changes happening within slavery. A movement
was happening across the nation and as Zinn wrote,
“It would take either a full-scale slave rebellion or a
full scale war to end such a deeply entrenched
system.”
KEY POINTS IN THE CHAPTER: AFTER THE
WAR WAS FREEDOM REAL?
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After the war the confiscated property of Confederate
owners was given back to their families but no
compensation was given to African Americans.
Zinn explains a the reactions of some slaves after the
war. He referenced ex-slave Thomas Hall who said,
“Lincoln got the praise for freeing us, but did he do it?
He gave us freedom without giving us any chance to
live to ourselve and we still had to depend on the
southern white man for work, food, and clothing.”
Some African Americans were able to experience the
changes after the war. For example some African
American came forward and voted for the first time.
KEY POINTS IN THE CHAPTER: AFTER THE
WAR WAS FREEDOM REAL?
After Lincoln died Andrew Johnson became
president but during his presidency he vetoed
bills that would of helped African Americans.
For example Johnson helped by not guaranteeing
equal rights to blacks.
 States enacted “Black Codes” which targeted
African Americans directly not allowing them to
rent or lease farmland and black children who
had no parents were to do forced labor.
 There were some positive effects after African
American children were able to attend school,
two blacks were voted in to the U.S. Senate, and
twenty Congressman.
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ANALYSIS OF CHAPTER
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In chapter nine major changes took place during this
time period and although African Americans were
emancipated they didn’t get true freedom until many
years later down the road.
After the end of slavery African American still
remained dependent on the whites for work, shelter,
and the necessities of life because they still lived in a
world strongly dominated by whites. There was
always the threat of force or death which made equal
rights and treatment a long fought battle for African
Americans.
Commendable changes happened during this time
period but it was just the beginning for African
Americans and their road for justice, respect and
equality.
WORKS CITED
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Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress. (n.d.).
Retrieved March 29, 2014, from Library of Congress:
http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connection
s/abraham-lincoln-papers/
Reynolds, William C. Reynolds's political map of the United
States, designed to exhibit the comparative area of the free
and slave states and the territory open to slavery or freedom
by the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. New York : Wm.
C. Reynolds and J.C. Jones, c1856. 1 map : col. ; 48 x 70 cm.
Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/2003627003
Slaves and the Courts, 1740-1860. (n.d.). Retrieved Month
29, 2014, from Library of Congress:
http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connection
s/slaves-court/history.html
The African-American Mosaic. (n.d.). Retrieved March 29,
2014, from Library of Congress:
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam005.html
Zinn, H. (1999). A People's History of the United States.
New York, NY: HaperCollins Publishers.