A Sprint through Chapter Nine
 Almost
everything
organisms do require
energy:
• Active Transport
• Cell Division
• Making Proteins
• Digesting Food
• Moving Muscles
• Listening, Thinking,
and Learning
 The
cell stores
energy in the form of
Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP)
• Adenosine Molecule
• Three Highly-Charged
Phosphate Groups
 ATP
stores the energy
the cells needs in the
three phosphate
bonds.
 When
the cell needs
to use the energy, it
must break the bonds
of the ATP:
Adenosine
P
P
P
• Turns ATP into ADP
(Adenosine
Diphosphate)
• Releases energy
P
P
Adenosine
P
P

Cells take the energy
from food to store
energy in ATP.
• Usually, the energy from
glucose can turn ADP
into ATP.
• Plants make glucose
through photosynthesis
in chloroplasts.
• Organisms make ATP
through respiration in
mitochondria.
Answer the
questions on the
ATP-ADP Cycle
Worksheet!
 Uses
the sun’s energy
to make simple
sugars.
 Plants take carbon
dioxide, water, and
light to make glucose
and oxygen.
 The
Formula:
http://img.infoplease.com/images/photosynthesis.gif
 Photosynthesis
takes
place in the
chloroplasts.
 Chloroplasts are
filled with pigments,
like chlorophyll,
which absorb the
energy of light.
 Light
Dependent
Reactions
• The energy in the light
breaks water apart
releasing oxygen.
 Light
Independent
Reactions (Calvin)
• Turns six carbon
dioxides into one sixcarbon sugar.
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light  C6H12O6 + 6O2
O2
Reactants
Products
 The
process in which
mitochondria break
down food molecules
to produce ATP.
 Done by all
eukaryotes to turn
glucose into ATP.
• Anaerobic- without O2
• Aerobic- with O2
 Anaerobic
Respiration
• Occurs in cytoplasm
• No oxygen
• Happens first
• Cuts glucose in half to
make 2 ATP
(glycolysis)
 Aerobic
Respiration
• Occurs in the
Mitochondria
• Requires Oxygen
• Produces an additional
34 ATP per glucose.
• 2 Steps
 Krebs Cycle
 Electron Transport Chain
http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40778000/jpg/_40778031_203race
-afp.jpg
http://www.gamesinfo.com.au/postgames/en/images/vol2/05_the_competition/
04_athletics/04_154LR.jpg
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O+36 ATP
O2
Reactants
Products
 If
no oxygen is
present after
glycolysis, cells
begin to ferment.
• Lactic Acid
Fermentation occurs in
animals.
• Alcoholic
Fermentation occurs in
yeast and bacteria.
O2
X
Respiration
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport
Chain
Fermentation
Lactic Acid Alcoholic