Obesity Epidemic
In Adolescence, Young Adults, and Adults
“Battle of the Bulge”
Obesity vs. Overweight


Obesity-excessively high amount of body fat or
adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass;
BMI of 30kg or higher
Overweight- body weight in relation to height
that is greater than some accepted standard but
less than that defined as obesity; BMI of 25kg30kg
(Nutrition Concepts and Controversies 9th edition, Frances Sizer and Eleanor Whitney )
Did you know that…


The US Surgeon General has identified
obesity as one of the greatest health
problems facing our nation today
In the United States, the Centers for
Disease Control (CDC) estimates that
300,000 Americans die each year from
obesity-related illnesses.
Obesity in Florida

60% of Florida adults are overweight or obese. (CDC BRFSS, 2004)

26% of Florida high-school students are overweight or at risk of
becoming overweight. (CDC YRBSS, 2003)

21% of non-Hispanic white adults, 33% of non-Hispanic black adults,
and 26% of Hispanic adults in Florida are obese. (CDC BRFSS, 2004)

28% of low-income children between 2 and 5 years of age in Florida
are overweight or at risk of becoming overweight. (CDC PedNSS,
2003)
,
Trends in Adolescents and
Young Adults
Child & Adolescent Race Trends
Children
(Ages 6 to 11)
Prevalence (%)
Race
Overweigh Obesit
t
y
Black 35.9
19.5
Adolescents
(Ages 12 to 19)
Prevalence (%)
Overweigh Obesity
t
40.4
23.6
Mexica
n
39.3
23.7
43.8
23.4
White
26.2
11.8
26.5
12.7
Trends in Adults
Obesity Trends By State
Obesity Trends By State
Obesity Trends Among US Adults in 2005
Obesity Trends
Increase in Overweight Prevalence Among U.S.
Adults (Ages 20 to 74)
Men
Women
Prevalence Prevalence (%)
(%)
Racial / Ethnic
Group
1988
to
1994
1999
to
2000
1988
to
1994
1999 to
2000
Black (nonHispanic)
Mexican
American
58.2
60.1
68.5
78
69.4
74.4
69.6
71.8
White (nonHispanic)
61.6
67.5
47.2
57.5
Increase in Obesity Prevalence Among
U.S. Adults (Ages 20 to 74)
Men
Women
Prevalence Prevalence (%)
(%)
Racial / Ethnic
Group
1988
to
1994
1999
to
2000
1988
to
1994
1999 to
2000
Black (nonHispanic)
21.3
28.8
39.1
50.8
Mexican
American
24.4
29.4
36.1
40.1
White (nonHispanic)
20.7
27.7
23.3
30.6
Obesity Trends
Obesity Trends
Contributing Factors

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Genetics
Metabolism
Behavior/Lifestyle
Food Choices
Environment
Race/Ethnicity
Socioeconomic status
Socioeconomic Status





Income
Education
Employment
Marriage
Residence
Insel, Paul, Turner, Elaine R., and Ross Don. Nutrition. Second Ed.
Behavior/Lifestyle

Sedentary behaviors

Lack of exercise/physical activity

Television/Computer/Video Games

Poor Diets


High calorie/high fat foods
Food choices
Food Choices

Portion Control

Food Labels

Daily Values

Understanding the new Food Guide
Pyramid
Bagel
20 Years Ago


Today
A bagel 20 years ago was 3 inches in diameter and had
140 calories. How many calories do you think are in
today's bagel?
350 ?
250 ?
150 ?
Cheeseburger


A cheeseburger 20 years ago had 333 calories.
How many calories do you think are in today's
cheeseburger?
590 ?
620 ?
700 ?
Spaghetti & Meatballs


A portion of spaghetti and meatballs 20 years ago had
500 calories. How many calories do you think are in
today's portion of spaghetti and meatballs?
1,025 ?
600 ?
800 ?
Understanding Food Labels
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/foodlab.html#seeimage
Health Consequences







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Hypertension
High cholesterol/high levels of triglycerides
Type II Diabetes
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
Stroke
Gallbladder disease
Osteoarthritis
Sleep apnea/respiratory problems
Some cancers
Cardiovascular Disease

Causes




High fat/cholesterol diets
Overweight
Lack of physical activity
Atherosclerosis


Stroke
Heart attack
Hypertension

Blood Pressure



Systolic/diastolic
Silent Killer
Risk factors
 Eating too much salt
 Lack of physical activity
 Drinking too much alcohol
Type II Diabetes

What is Type II Diabetes?



Hypoglycemia


Insulin
Blood glucose levels
Drop in normal blood glucose levels
Recommendations

Weight loss
Diet
 Physical activity

Economic Consequences


Direct Costs
 Preventive, diagnostic, and treatment
services
Indirect Costs
 Morbidity
 Mortality
How much of a strain does obesity
put on the economy?


In 1998, overweight and obese people caused
medical expenses that accounted for 9.1 percent
(78.5 billion) of total U.S. medical expenditures.
The equivalent of 92.6 billion in 2002 dollars.
Obesity alone cost 47.5 billion.
Since 1998 the prevalence of overweight and
obesity has caused a further increase in medical
expenses
Economic Strain


Medicare and Medicaid (government
programs) were responsible for about half
of these costs.
The majority of Americans want a National
Health Care System, but it is not feasible
due to the economic strain that
overweight and obese Americans place on
the government.
Costs In Florida




5.1% of the adult population is obese
Obesity related medical costs attribute to $3.987
billion in costs
6.1% of the population is covered by Medicare
($1.29 billion in costs)
11.6% of the population is covered by Medicaid
($900 million in costs)
“Battling the Bulge”

Government-Based Programs

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The Nutrition and Physical Activity Program to Prevent
Obesity and Other Chronic Diseases
National School Lunch Program
Elderly Nutrition Program
Local/Community-Based Programs

Coordinated School Health Programs


Physical Education Programs
UF Gator Well Health promotion services
Recommendations

A Vision For The Future

Communication

Action

Research and Evaluation
What the experts say…
Serving Sizes
Tennis Ball
 Cassette Tape
 Hockey Puck
 Computer Mouse
 4 Dice
 Bar of Soap

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
1 Serving of cheese
1 Serving of Meat,
Chicken, or Fish
1 Serving of Bread
1 Serving of Fruit or
Vegetables
1 Medium Potato
1 Serving of Pasta,
Rice, or Cereal Or 1
Bagel