Noun Clauses
Mustafa Güneş
What do you think a noun
clause is?
• What will the president do?
• Can you tell me what the president will do?
• I don’t know the answer.
• Gina told me that she doesn’t know the answer.
• Do you know her address?
• He asked me if I know her address.
Types of Noun clauses
1. Noun Clauses Beginning With That:
• She doesn’t like pop music
• We know (that) she doesn’t like pop music
object
“that” can be
• He is the best of all. I’m sure.omitted here.
• I’m sure (that) he is the best of all.
adj + that
“that” can’t be
omitted here.
• Coffee grows in Brazil. It is well - known to all.
• That coffee grows in Brazil is well known to all.
Subject
2. Noun Clauses Beginning With A
Question Word
• When is he coming tomorrow?
• I don’t know when he is coming tomorrow.
main clause
noun clause
object of the sentence
• What did your daughter buy for you as a present?
Wh-? + aux + subject + Main Verb + object
• I haven’t heard whose daughter has passed the exam.
Main Clause +
Wh-? + subject + (aux) + Verb + object
Exceptions:
• What happened here yesterday?
Wh-? +
Verb
• Please tell me what happened here yesterday.
Main Clause +
Wh-? +
Verb
• Who knocked the door?
Wh-? +
Verb
• Can you tell me who knocked the door.
Wh-? +
Main Clause +
Verb
3. Noun Clauses Beginning with Whether/If
Has he signed the contract?
•I want to know whether / if he has signed the contract (or not) .
Main Clause +
whether/if + subject + (aux) verb + object + (or not)
•Whether he has signed the contract (or not) doesn’t matter.
Whether/if + subject + (aux) verb + object + (or not)
+ main Clause
Choose the correct answer
1. Nobody knows _____________ the
beginning of a tornado.
a. how we can predict
b. how can we predict
c. what we can predict
d. that we can predict
Choose the correct answer
1. Nobody knows _____________ the
beginning of a tornado.
a. how we can predict
b. how can we predict
c. what we can predict
d. that we can predict
Choose the correct answer
2. Our teacher says _____________ a
tornado before.
a. that he seen
b. what he saw
c. that he has seen
d. what he has seen
Choose the correct answer
2. Our teacher says _____________ a
tornado before.
a. that he seen
b. what he saw
c. that he has seen
d. what he has seen
Choose the correct answer
3. Have you ever seen _____________?
a. what can a tornado do
b. that a tornado can do what
c. what a tornado can do that
d. what a tornado can do
Choose the correct answer
3. Have you ever seen _____________?
a. what can a tornado do
b. that a tornado can do what
c. what a tornado can do that
d. what a tornado can do
Choose the correct answer
4. _____________ is a well-known fact.
a. tornadoes deadly
b. that tornadoes are deadly
c. are tornadoes deadly
d. that are deadly tornadoes
Choose the correct answer
4. _____________ is a well-known fact.
a. tornadoes deadly
b. that tornadoes are deadly
c. are tornadoes deadly
d. that are deadly tornadoes
Choose the correct answer
5. Scientists are trying to learn __________.
a. if can ever we predict tornadoes
b. if tornadoes can ever be predicted
c. why are tornadoes unpredictable
d. are tornadoes unpredictable
Choose the correct answer
6. Scientists are trying to learn __________.
a. if can ever we predict tornadoes
b. if tornadoes can ever be predicted
c. why are tornadoes unpredictable
d. are tornadoes unpredictable
Complete the dialogue
7. A: Whose car is that?
B: I don’t
know______________________________.
Complete the dialogue
7. A: Whose car is that?
B: I don’t know whose car that is.
Complete the dialogue
8. A: Whose car is in front of Sam's house?
B: I don't know
______________________________.
Complete the dialogue
8. A: Whose car is in front of Sam's house?
B: I don't know whose car is in front of
Sam’s house.
Complete the dialogue
9. A: Are you tired?
B: Why do you want to
know______________ tired?
A: You look tired. I'm worried about you.
Complete the dialogue
9. A: Are you tired?
B: Why do you want to know if I am
tired?
A: You look tired. I'm worried about you.
Complete the dialogue
10. A: How long (the oldest whales,
live)______________?
B: Nobody knows for sure how long (the
oldest whales,
live)___________________.
Complete the dialogue
10. A: How long (the oldest whales, live)
do the oldest whales live?
B: Nobody knows for sure how long (the
oldest whales, live) the oldest whales live.
Reported Speech
Mustafa Güneş
REPORTED SPEECH
Reported Speech is similar to the Noun Clause.
However we
Reported Speech:
Reported Speech is similar to the noun clauses:
(+) and (-)
Simple Present
He speaks English.
N.C: I don’t know that he speaks English. (Indirect Speech)
R.S: Julia said that he spoke English. (Reporting the sentence)
Simple Past
(?)
Simple Past
Did he speak English?
N.C: Can you tell me if he spoke English? (Indirect Speech)
R.S: Julia asked me if he had spoken English? (Reporting the sentence)
Past Perfect
Present Perfect
(Wh-?)
Past Perfect
How long has he spoken English?
N.C: Nobody knows how long he has spoken English. (Indirect Speech)
R.S: Julia asked me how long he had spoken English. (Reporting the sentence)
In Reported Speech, we change the “Tense” We
make it “more past”
Have a look at the Chapter 39
In Reported Speech, we change the “Time
Expressions” and “Pronouns”
John: I like your shoes!
John said that he liked my shoes!
Let’s Practice
Imperative Sentences:
Let’s Practice!
Relative Clauses
Mustafa Güneş
If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative
pronoun is a subject pronoun. Subject pronouns must
always be used.
• The apple which is on the table is green.
• The man who drove the car was very old.
• The worker that wears a jacket is very
sad.
If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a
noun or pronoun), the relative pronoun is an object
pronoun. Object pronouns can be omitted in relative
clauses:
• The apple (which) George lay on the
table is green.
• The man (who(m)) we saw in the car is
very old.
• The worker (that) the boss warned is very
sad.
1) I talked to the girl … car had broken down in front of the shop.
2) Mr. Richards is a taxi driver … lives on the corner.
3) We often visit our aunt in Norwich … is in East Anglia.
4) This is the girl … comes from Spain.
5) That's Peter … has just arrived at the airport.
6) Thank you very much for your e-mail … was very interesting.
7) The man … father is a professor forgot his umbrella.
8) The children … shouted in the street, are not from our school.
9) The car … driver is a young man, is from Ireland.
10) What did you do with the money … your mother lent you?
• Thanks!