Poetry Literary Terms Haiku- a lyric poem, originating in Japan; captures the essence of a single moment in a simple image; generally includes a seasonal word or “kigo”; is three lines long with a syllable pattern of 5, 7, 5 (total of 17 syllables) ; unrhymed; often contrasts two sensory images; about nature Tanka- a Japanese poem that is five lines long with a syllable pattern of 5, 7, 5, 7, 7; uses nature to express emotions; often written to commemorate special events Ballad- a type of narrative poem that usually relates a single, dramatic episode that can be tragic or violent (domestic tragedies, family feuds, murders, historical events, shipwrecks, etc.); deals with common people rather than nobility; have regular rhymes and stanza patterns; often use repetition Narrative- a poem that tells a story Extended Metaphor-as in regular metaphor, extended metaphor speaks of a subject as though it were something else. In extended metaphor, several comparisons are made and can be sustained over several lines or the entire poem. Lyric- a usually short, personal poem expressing a poet’s emotions rather than telling a story Free Verse-poetry that has no regular rhyme or meter; tends to capture the natural music of speech Sonnet- a fourteen line poem that is written in iambic pentameter (10 syllables per line) and has one of several possible rhyme patterns (ABABCDCDEFEFGG, ABBAABBACDECDE, ABABBCBCCDCDEE) Imagery- appealing to one of the five senses : sight (visual), smell (olfactory), taste(gustatory), touch (tactile) and sound (auditory) Rhyme Pattern- the arrangement of rhymes in a stanza of poetry Internal Rhyme-words that rhyme within the same line of a poem Eye Rhyme- using words that have similar spelling but do not sound alike in place of true rhyme; often called sight or visual rhyme Slant Rhyme/Off Rhyme- using consonance or assonance in place of true rhyme Simile- comparing two unlike things using “like” or ‘as” Metaphor- an implied comparison Personification- giving non-living things human traits Alliteration- repetition of consonant sounds in the beginning and within words in a line of poetry EXAMPLE: Build, build your Babels. Consonance- repetition of consonant sounds at the ends of words in a line of poetry (no rhyme) EXAMPLE: The dread filled him to the end. Assonance- repetition of vowel sounds in stressed words in a line of poetry (no rhyme) EXAMPLE: The tread of death filled him with dread. Hyperbole- extreme exaggeration for comic or dramatic effect EXAMPLE: All the perfume in Arabia will not sweeten this murderous hand. Onomatopoeia- words that imitate actual sounds Parallelism- repetition of grammatical structures EXAMPLE: It was the best of times; it was the worst of times. Repetition- to repeat sounds, phrases, words or sentences in a poem Refrain- a line or group of lines repeated at regular intervals in a poem Anastrophe-Inversion of the normal order of the parts of sentences EXAMPLE: To market she went. Connotation: the implied meaning of a word Denotation: the literal meaning of a word; the dictionary definition Understatement: when something is purposely represented as if it were far less important than it is Meter: the fixed pattern of accented and unaccented syllables in a line of poetry Puns: the usually humorous use of a word in a way to suggest two meanings or the meaning of another word similar in sound EXAMPLE: Why did the mushroom get invited to so many parties? Because he was a really fungi! Stanza: a unified group of lines in poetry Tone: The author’s attitude toward the subject being written about Mood: the feeling/emotion in a literary work (regret, hopefulness, etc.) Synecdoche: using a part to represent the whole EXAMPLE: I can drive because I have wheels. (wheels stand for car) Metonymy: a figure of speech that substitutes the name of a related person, place, object or idea for the subject EXAMPLE: Crown for monarchy; law for police officer Verse: a line of poetry Allusion: a reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious), or to a work of art. An allusion may be from history, geography, literature or religion. Oxymoron: putting two contradictory words together EXAMPLE: jumbo shrimp