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Psych 101 Supplemental Instruction
Sleep: SI Review Session 9/10/15
What is the Circadian Theory? What is the Recuperative theory?
- Sleep has evolved to keep animals not able to be active during a time of day when they do
not need to be active (aka at night). Can be manipulated by manipulating time of the darklight cycle
- Animals sleep in order to provide time for body to repair itself. If you go without sleep for a
longer period, you will be experiencing more NREM2 sleep (deepest sleep) to make up for
sleep lost.
What area of the brain is responsible for paralyzing the body while asleep? What would happen if
this area were damaged?
-Pons and Nucleus Reticularis Pontis Oralis (RPO)
-REM Sleep absolutely CANNOT happen if any of these would be damaged
What is the current theory used to explain why dreams occur?
-The Activation-Synthesis theory (Hobson and McCarley)
- Amygdala circuits flood the cortex with random signals during REM sleep. Dreams are the cortex’s
effort to make sense of neural signals.
**Beta waves occur when you are totally awake (also alpha waves)
Stage of Sleep
Type of Waves
How they feel when
they wake up
Special
Characteristics
Transition to sleep,
easily woken up,
muscle movement
Stage 1: NREM 1
Theta
This is close to an
awake state
Stage 2: NREM 2
Sleep Spindles
Light sleep; little
groggy
Most time spent,
waves become
slower, movement
stops
Stage 3: NREM 3 & 4
Delta
Would feel cranky
and disorientated
Difficult to be woken
up, slow brain waves
Stage 4: REM
Alpha
Easily woken up
What is the Cerebellum? What does it control and where is
it located?
-Part of the brain that controls movement and muscle
control. Located behind the Spinal cord and under rest of
brain. Also referred to as “The Little Brain”.
What psychologist believed that dreams contained
unconscious meaning?
-Sigmund Freud
Here is a visual chart of the
different EEG readings of
different stages of sleep and
the types of waves!
Where dreams occur;
Rapid Eye
Movement; approx.
90 min. into sleep
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Psych 101 Supplemental Instruction
What does REM stand for? When does it occur?
Rapid Eye Movement: while sleeping, your body is in a state of dreaming that has waves associated
with alpha and beta waves (kind of awake state). REM sleep occurs about every 90 minutes after all 4
stages of NREM sleep.
Complete the diagram
Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Brain
Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal Cord
Motor
Somatic
Sensory
Autonomic
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
-
Sympathetic: “Fight or Flight response” Your senses are in an aroused state. Pupils dilate,
Increased heart rate, activation of sweat glands, inhibits peristalsis (digestion), etc.
Parasympathetic: Calm state. Pupils constrict, decreased heart rate, digestion occurs, etc.
Normal state of being.
-Example: Bear is right in front of you: you obviously freak out and “flee” the scene: Sympathetic
nervous system activates
-You are flying in a parachute and it is calm and relaxing (for most people (;): Parasympathetic
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