Ancient Rome
Mr. Pentzak
Level One Individuals & Societies
Pre-Test 3/25 & 3/26
 Where is Italy? What are some natural boundaries of Italy?
 What river is Rome situated on?
 According to the legend of the founding of Rome, who were
the two twins that built Rome? Who was their father?
 How does the legend above relate to the story of The Aeneid?
 Who wrote the Aeneid? How is it similar to Homer’s epics
The Iliad and The Odyssey?
 Name two cultures that heavily influenced Roman civilization
Pre-Test Continued
 When did the Roman Empire collapse?
 What is the difference between a Patrician and Plebian?
 What are Romance Languages and what do they have to
do with Rome?
 Name at least one Roman god/goddess and their Greek
counterpart.
 How did the Roman Empire influence Christianity?
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=me4E5wDCK2Q
Vocabulary List #3
Patrician
Plebian
Veto
Senate
Consul
Conquer
Tolerance
Persecute
Successor
Legend
Standardized Definitions

Conquer- overcome and take
control of (a place or people) by
use of military force.
Plebian- a commoner

Veto- the power to prevent
legislation or action proposed by
others
Tolerance- willingness to accept
feelings, habits, or beliefs that are
different from your own

Persecute- subject (someone) to
hostility and ill-treatment, esp.
because of their race or political
or religious beliefs

Successor- a person or entity
who takes over and continues the
role or position of another.

Legend- a traditional story
sometimes popularly regarded as
historical but unauthenticated

Patrician- an aristocrat or
nobleman




Senate- an assembly of citizens
having the highest deliberative
functions in a government, esp. a
legislative assembly of a state or
nation.
Consul- (in ancient Rome) one of
the two annually elected chief
magistrates who jointly ruled the
republic.
Popcorn Reading
 I will select who will read first.
 After reading AT LEAST THREE SENTENCES, the
reader may then select the next student to read aloud by
saying “popcorn, (name of student)” and throwing the
beach ball/dino plush towards them.
 The process will continue until the selected passage is
completed.
 No repeats until everyone has read!
Origins of Rome
 Historians do not know exactly how Rome came to be, but
later Romans came up with legends that explained their
origins.
 We will be working in groups of three to four to explore the
two famous legends surrounding the founding of Rome.
 We will be watching short video clips, working with complex
texts, and working collaboratively to sort the details out!

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/romes-humble-beginnings-from-a-greek-colony-tothe-formation-of-the-republic.html#lesson
 (Skip 6:15-6:52)
Legendary Rome
 The Aeneid
 http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/1524F9
FB-0302-4283-9D05-BCE42A4C6C1D
 Written by Roman poet Virgil in 19 BCE
 Glorifies the history of Rome, borrows the glory of the Greeks,
adds divinity of the ruler
 Romulus & Remus
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA1D9wd29jI&authuser=0
 Explains the construction of Rome in 753 BCE
 Divine influences, fratricide, fills in the gaps between the
Aeneid to the founding of the city
Origins of Rome
Virgil’s The Aeneid
Romulus & Remus


Twins born to the god of war
Mars and Rhea Silva, a princess
that was banished to a temple by
her cruel uncle
Her uncle has the kids kidnapped
and “drowned”

Kids rescued and raised by
wolves, later adopted

Grow up, kill uncle, claim throne
through mother’s heritage

Build a city, get in a fight about
what to call it, Romulus kills
Remus and names city Rome

Aeneas is a Trojan prince,
escapes during the fall of Troy

Epic adventure all over the
Mediterranean Sea

Gods divert him for a long time

Finally gets to Italy, aligns
himself with the locals, marries
a princess, starts a war

He eventually wins, his family
becomes the ruling class

Rhea Silva is Aeneas’
descendant
Bell Ringer 3/27 & 3/28
• Give me the PLOT of the legend of Romulus and
Remus
• Who were the main characters?
• Are there any elements to this story that you can
connect to other stories or legends?
Homework 3/27 & 3/28
 Go this this website:
http://www.purposegames.com/game/roman-empirebasic-geography-game
 Do five rounds, recording your scores and times on a
piece of paper
 Have whoever is at home sign/initial to verify you did it
 Bring in for next class
Bell Ringer 3/31 & 4/1
 Take out your old Vocabulary List Three homework &
your homework with the mapping game
 Draw a picture of two words that clearly represents the
meaning of those words.
 Are there any words you are struggling with?
 If not, please study the words on list three silently.
1. Legend
2. Senate
3. Republic
4. Plebian
A.
an aristocrat or nobleman
B.
A form of government headed by a hereditary sovereign head of state, esp. a king,
queen, or emperor.
C.
a commoner
D.
A government by the best individuals or by a small, wealthy, landholding privileged
5. Aristocracy
class
6. Tolerance
E.
A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution
7. Patrician
F.
the power to prevent legislation or action proposed by others
G.
an assembly of citizens having the highest deliberative functions in a government, esp.
8. Oligarchy
9. Veto
10. Consul
a legislative assembly of a state or nation.
H.
(in ancient Rome) one of the two annually elected chief magistrates who jointly ruled
the republic.
11. Tyrant
I.
overcome and take control of (a place or people) by use of military force.
12. Persecute
J.
willingness to accept feelings, habits, or beliefs that are different from your own
13. Monarchy
K.
subject (someone) to hostility and ill-treatment, esp. because of their race or political or
religious beliefs
14. Successor
15. Conquer
BONUS
16. Define
“Pilgrimage”
L.
A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives,
and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
M.
a person or entity who takes over and continues the role or position of another.
N.
a traditional story sometimes popularly regarded as historical but unauthenticated
O.
A non-elected absolute ruler that takes power by force
Homework 3/31 & 4/1
 Go to this website:
http://www.purposegames.com/game/longitude-andlatitude-quiz
 Do five rounds, recording your scores and times on a
piece of paper
 Have whoever is at home sign/initial to verify you did it
 Bring in for next class
Bell Ringer 4/2 & 4/3
 How are the stories of Romulus and Remus and The
Aeneid related?
 How do you think Patricians or Plebeians can be
connected to those stories?
 How do you think the lives of slaves, plebeians, and
patricians were similar/different?
Bell Ringer 4/4 & 4/7
 How do we decide what things are important?
 What is the best way to remember/organize a lot of
information?
Bell Ringer 4/10 & 4/11
 What did you like about doing the timeline assignment?
 What didn’t you like?
 What did you learn from doing this assignment?
 What changes would you make to the assignments if you
had to do it again?
Bell Ringer 4/14 & 4/15
 Take out vocab list three and review for two minutes
 Are there any words that you are struggling with?
 Take out a blank piece of paper
 Write your name, date, and block in the upper right hand
corner
 Write “Vocab Quiz 3.5” on the top line
 Number your paper 1-10 along the left side
Mental Map Directions
 On the piece of paper provided, draw a map of the
Roman Empire, using only your “mental map” or
existing geography skills.
 You will have ten minutes
 Try to be as accurate as you can be
 Using markers, colored pencils, or crayons, please shade
the extent of the Roman Empire at it’s height of power
 This will serve as another pre-test measure, we will
compare this one to one we do at the end of the unit
 See Mr. Pentzak’s example
How Did We Do?
Roman Dragon…
For Labeling Your Maps
On Your Maps…
Plot the following coordinates (city locations) and then use your word
bank to identify them. Use an atlas, textbook, or map to label the other
items in your word bank
 (41˚N, 12˚E)
 (38˚N, 24˚E)
 (32˚N, 35˚E)
 (31˚N, 30˚E)
 (51˚N, 0˚E)
 (35˚N, 36˚E)
 (49˚N, 2˚E)
 (32˚N, 44˚E)
 (37˚N, 10˚E)
 (41˚N, 29˚E)
Early Italy

THE ETRUSCANS

THE LATINS

First people in Italy (?)


Different language, religion,
and culture
A tribe that lived in the area
that is now Rome

Spoke a older form of Latin

Women seemed to have high
status, depicted in art,
mentioned in burials

Did not leave many written
records

Loosely unified settlements,
ethnically Latins

The king of the Latins,
Latinus met with Aeneas, he
marries his daughter Lavinia
and builds a new capital city.

Eventually, this line is
supposed to have produced
Romulus and Remus


What we know of them
comes from archeological
finds and their descriptions in
Greek and Roman histories
Latins adapted their style of
clothing, city layout (hill,
ditch, wall) some of their
words, social class
So... Rome?
We can divide it's history into three main pieces or eras: Kingdom,
Republic, and Empire
 Roman Kingdom 753 BCE- 509 BCE
 Founded in 753 BCE
 Ruled as a monarchy (Romulus first king)
 Romulus is said to have create the senate 300 of the best individuals
 After each king died, a new king would be voted in
 The last king was a cruel tyrant, over thrown in 509 BCE
 Leaders of the rebellion became the first to consuls of the Roman
Republic
Roman Republic
Roman Republic 509 BCE- 27 BCE

Consuls voted in each year, they can veto each other and guided by the senate

Check and balances!

Typically high offices were reserved for Patricians

Plebs/Plebeians were just about everyone besides Patricians: shop keepers, merchants,
skilled craftsmen, unskilled laborers.

Many of Rome's wealthiest families end up being Plebian

A series of political conflicts from 494-287 BCE sought to level the class differences

Once equal representation in gov’t. achieved, those Plebeians in office became more
Patrician

Revolution!
Roman Empire
 27 BCE – 476 CE (Western)/ 330-1453 CE (Eastern)
 Julius Caesar elected as Consul in 59 BCE
 He and his two close friends form a political alliance
(triumvirate) which basically voids the power of the other
consul member
 After his year is up, Caesar leaves Rome and becomes a
governor and then lead military campaigns to the north
 Political rivals back in Rome – He cannot come back
 49 BCE Crosses the Rubicon River (an act of Civil War)
 48 BCE Caesar appointed dictator of Rome
Caesar Continued
 Must fight off his rivals to secure his power

Chases his enemy Pompey to Egypt

Egyptian Pharaoh serves his head on a platter, Caesar not pleased

Cleopatra is the pharaoh's brother, Caesar appoint her to throne
 Major reforms of the Republic

Make distant provinces loyal to Rome-appoint reps in senate

Grants citizenship to loyal non-Romans

Julian calendar (solar, aligned with seasons vs. lunar)

Term limits, luxury taxes, land distribution
 Assassinated on March 15, 44 BCE
 http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-death-of-therepublic-and-birth-of-the-roman-empire.html#lesson
Octavius/Augustus
 Caesar’s nephew and appointed heir
 Punishes Caesar's assassins
 Maintains the image of a Republic, rules absolutely
 Expands the empire + builds roads
 Pax Romana (27 BCE – 180 CE)



“Roman Peace”
Relative peace and expansion (height of territory)
Economic boom
 http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-early-romanempire-and-the-reign-of-augustus-caesar.html#lesson
Division of Roman
Empire
 Empire became too large/unstable
 Emperor Diocletian divided Empire into four pieces- tetrarchy
in 293 CE, by 324 CE empire would be rejoined
 330 CE Emperor Constantine moves capital to “New
Rome” aka Constantinople
 Dynastic rule returns of whole empire
 395 CE Emperor Theodosius dies
 Sons inherit East and West, perm. split
Western & Eastern
Empires 395 CE
Fall of Empire
 Political corruption, barbarian invasions, disease, natural
disasters, ineffective leadership, division of the empire,
stagnant economy, civil wars, breakdown of morals have
all been proposed as contributing factors
 476 CE a Germanic soldier Odoacer overthrows last
emperor of Western Roman Empire and declares
himself king
 Eastern half of the Empire will continue on as the
Byzantine Empire until 1453 CE when the Ottomans
capture Constantinople http://educationportal.com/academy/lesson/the-fall-ofrome.html#lesson
Timeline Directions
 The following events are NOT in order
 Place them in the correct chronological order (oldest
date to most recent date) labeled with the YEAR
 http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/romans.html
 HINT: use “CTRL + F” to search the website
 Change “BC” to “BCE”, “AD” to “CE” no letters?
It’s CE
 Then, please write at least one complete sentence that
explains the significance of that event
 Do this on a separate sheet of paper neatly!
Timeline

Approximate date of Trojan War
c. 1200 BCE

Founding of Rome

End of Roman
Kingdom/Beginning of the Roman
Republic

Ottomans capture Constantinople
1453 CE

Caesar elected Consul of Rome

First aqueduct built

Carthage destroyed

Coliseum built

Division of Empire into East/West

Caesar crossed the Rubicon

Julian calendar created

Battle of Actium

Caesar assassinated

Octavius declares himself
emperor

Holy Roman Empire established

Jerusalem destroyed

Vandals sack Rome

Fall of Western Roman Empire

Christianity proclaimed official
religion of the Empire
Peer Grading of Timlines
 Please write graded by: (your name) on the back of your
peer’s paper neatly
 You should only make small “x”s on the dates and events that
are incorrect. NO other comments, marks, or drawings of any
sort!
 19 points for events being in order (1 point per event) and 19
points for correct dates (1 point per correct date) and two
points for having their name and block (1 point for each)
 We will give them a score out of 40 points
 You will receive a separate grade from Mr. Pentzak for your
sentences on the significance of the event.
Timeline Answers

1. Trojan War c. 1200 BCE

2. Founding of Rome 753 BCE


3. Rome Republic 509 BCE
4.
1st
Aqueduct 312 BCE

11. Octavian declares himself
emperor 27 BCE

12. Jerusalem destroyed 70 CE

13. Coliseum built 79 CE

14. Christianity becomes official
religion of the empire 380 CE

5. Carthage destroyed 146 BCE

6. Caesar elected consul 59 BCE

15. Division of Empire 395 CE*

7. Caesar crosses Rubicon 49 BCE

16. Vandals sack Rome 455 CE

8. Julian Calendar 45 BCE

17. Fall of Western Empire 476 CE

9. Caesar assassinated 44 BCE

18. Holy Roman Empire est. 800 CE

10. Battle of Actium 31 BCE

19. Ottomans capture Constantinople
1453 CE
Greek vs. Roman
Gods
 Roman religion result
of indigenous Latin
beliefs and Greek
influences
 Same Greek gods, new
names
 Lares were personal
household spirits or
deities that were
worshiped by specific
families, throwback to
the Etruscans (?)
 Latin was spoken
throughout the Roman
Empire
Romance
Languages
 After the collapse of the
Empire, places become more
localized and new dialects
formed
All are related to Vulgar Latin and
developed between 500-800CE
English NOT a Romance Language,
although England was occupied by
the Romans
Latin
French
 Spanish, French,
Portuguese, Italian, and
Romanian (main ones)
Spanish
Italian
English
Lunae
Lundi
lunes
lunedì
Monday
Martis
Mardi
martes
martedì
Tuesday
Mercurii
Mercredi
miércoles
mercoledì
Wednesday
Jovis
Jeudi
jueves
giovedì
Thursday
Veneris
Vendredi
viernes
venerdì
Friday
Saturni
Samedi
sábado
sabato
Saturday
Solis
Dimanche
domingo
domenica
Sunday