Scalp
►Extension
and Layers.
►Muscles.
►Nerve
supply (sensory, motor).
►Arterial supply.
►Venous Drainage.
►Lymph drainage.
►Clinical
points.
Extension and layers
 It covers the vault of the skull and it
extends:
1. Anteriorly: to the eyebrows.
2. Posteriorly: to the superior nuchal lines.
3. Laterally: to the temporal lines.
 It has five layers: Skin, Connective
tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose areolar
tissue and Pericranium.
1. Skin
Thick.
Hair bearing.
Contains numerous
sebaceous glands.
2. Connective tissue
Under the skin and connecting
it to the underlying
aponeurosis forming a thick
one moving unit.
Fibro-fatty, the fat is tightly
backed inside fibrous loculi.
Numerous arteries and veins
are located in this layer.
3. Epicranial aponeurosis
Thin tendinous sheet,
uniting the two bellies of
occipito-frontalis muscle.
Laterally, it is attached to
the temporal fascia.
4. Loose areolar tissue
Occupies the subaponeurotic
space.
Loosely connects the
superficial 3 layers to the 5th
one (pericranium).
Contains small vessels,
emissary and diploic veins.
5. Pericranium
The periosteum covering the
outer surface of the skull
vault.
It is limited to the edges of
the bone and it is connected
with the endocranium at the
sutural joints.
Muscles of the scalp
Occipito-frontalis




Origin: occipital belly from the highest nuchal
line. Frontal belly from the skin and superficial
fascia of the eyebrows.
Insertion: both bellies are inserted into the
epicranial aponeurosis.
Nerve supply: occipital belly from posterior
auricular branch of facial nerve and frontal
belly from temporal branch of facial nerve.
Action: moves the superficial 3 layers
together, and raises the eyebrows
Nerve Supply of Scalp

1.
2.
3.
4.

Sensory nerves of the anterior half are
branches of trigeminal nerve:
Supratrochlear n. (ophthalmic n.).
Supraorbital n. (ophthalmic n.).
Zygomatico-temporal n. (maxillary n.).
Auriculo-temporal n. (mandibular n.).
Temporal branch of facial nerve is the
motor nerve of the muscles of anterior half
of the scalp.
Nerve Supply of Scalp

1.
2.
3.
4.

Sensory nerves of the posterior half are branches
of cervical spinal nerves:
Greater occipital nerve (dorsal ramus of 2nd
cervical nerve).
Lesser occipital nerve (C2 from cervical plexus).
Third occipital nerve (dorsal ramus of 3rd cervical
nerve.
Great auricular nerve (C2,3 from cervical plexus).
Posterior auricular branch of facial nerve is the
motor nerve of the muscles of posterior half of the
scalp.