Mendel’s Genetics
Group 1
Period 1
Griffin McComb, Lizzy, Alina, Hannah,
Suhani
Vocab
• Genetics – the scientific study of hereditary
• Fertilization – joining of male and female
reproductive cells
• True Breeding – organisms that produce
offspring identical to themselves if allowed to
self pollinate
• Trait – a specific characteristic
• Hybrid – offspring of crosses between parents
of different traits.
Vocab
•
•
•
•
Genes – chemical factors that determine traits
Alleles – the different form of a gene
Segregation – the separation of alleles
Gametes – specialized cells involved in
reproduction (sex cells)
Meiosis Vocab
• Homologous – chromosomes that each have a
corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex
parent
• Diploid – a cell that contains both sets of homologous
chromosomes
• Haploid – a cell that contains only a single set of
chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes.
• Meiosis – process by which the number of
chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the
separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid
cell.
Meiosis Vocab
Tetrad - structure containing four chromatids
that form during meiosis.
Crossing over- process in which homologous
chromosomes exchange portions of their
chromatids during meiosis.
Key concepts
• The principal of dominance states that some
alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
• During gamete formation, alleles segregate
from each other so that each gamete carries
only a single copy of each gene.
Interphase I
• Cells undergo a round of DNA replication
forming duplicate chromosomes.
Prophase I
• Each chromosome pairs with its
corresponding homologous chromosomes to
form a tetrad.
Metaphase I
• Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes.
Anaphase I
• The fibers pull the homologous chromosomes
toward opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase I and Cytokinesis
• Nuclear membranes form.
• The cell separates into two cells
Prophase II
• Meiosis I results in two haploid daughter cells,
each with half the number of chromosomes as
the original cell.
Metaphase II
• The chromosomes line up in a similar way to
the metaphase stage of meiosis.
Anaphase II
• The sister chromatids separate and move
toward the opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase II and Cytokinesis
• Meiosis II results in four haploid daughter
cells.
Quiz!
• In which phase of meiosis does the cell
separate into two cells?
A. Metaphase
B. Telophase
C. Anaphase
D. Interphase
Quiz!
• What is the first stage of meiosis?
A. Metaphase
B. Prophase
C. Interphase
D. Telophase
Quiz!
• A cell that contains both sets of homologous
chromosomes is a…?
A. Diploid
B. Haploid
C. Tetrad
D. Polygenic
Quiz!
• What is the first stage of mitosis?
A. Metaphase
B. Prophase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Quiz!
• Two identical chromosomes are also known
as…?
A. Centrosomes
B. Chromatids
C. Centrioles
D. Brother cells
Quiz!
• What is the correct definition of homologous?
A. Process of cell division
B. Chromosomes that can have corresponding
chromosomes from the opposite sex parent.
C. Chromosomes that have different gene
sequence
D. The process which cells undergo to
reproduce DNA
Quiz!
• What is Meiosis?
A. Process of reproduction division in which the
number of is a process of reduction division
in which the number of chromosomes per
cell is cut in half
B. Cell division
C. Cell reproduction
D. Haploid gamete cell
Quiz!
• Which is the correct order of meiosis?
A. Telophase 1, telophase 2, metaphase1,
anaphase1
B. Anaphase2, telophase2, metaphase2,
prophase2
C. Interphase1, prophase1, metaphase1,
anaphase1, telophase1, cytokinesis.
D. Prophase, interphase1, anaphase1,
metaphase1, telophase1
Quiz!
• What is the difference between mitosis and
meiosis?
A. Mitosis: production of 2 genetically indentical
diploid cells. Meiosis: 4 genetically different
haploid cells.
B. Mitosis: cell reproduction. Meiosis: sex cell
reproduction
C. Mitosis: happens in females only, Meiosis:
happens in males only
Quiz!
• How many cells does mitosis produce?
A. 5
B. 2
C. 4
D. 12
Answers.
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.B
5.B
6.B
7.A
8.C
9.A
10.C