Hopkins
Red line = our path of slide and Google Earth investigation

A cay in Belize ’ s barrier reef

Outhouse at Hopkins, a Garifuna village on Belizean coast.
Men ’ room s
Young
Garifuna boy
Esposa
Coconut palm being blown by which wind?

Coconut palms
My accommodations in Hopkins, a Garifuna village on Belizean coast

Coconut palms
Dog
Gringo graduate student trying to pass as a Garifuna

Typical beach scene in
Hopkins. The
Garifuna call dugout canoes
“ dories ” . Made out of caoba/mahogany.

Mangrove forest.

Mangrove forest at low tide

Red line = our path of Google Earth investigation
Hopkins

Cloud forests somewhere in the high relief Crystalline Highlands

Ocotal somewhere in the high relief Crystalline Highlands

Ocotal somewhere in the high relief
Crystalline
Highlands.
Many of the tropical montane forest tree species (pine, oak, sweet gum) migrated from mid-latitude regions during the Pleistocene to the highlands of Central
America.

Liquidambar, one of the few deciduous trees in the highlands…the
Crystalline Highlands
Pino or
ocote, depending on which country you are in.
Somewhere in the high relief Crystalline Highlands

Liquidambar, one of the few deciduous trees in the highlands…the
Crystalline
Highlands
Somewhere in the high relief
Crystalline
Highlands

Life is lonely in the highlands…the
Crystalline Highlands.
Young boy herds goats.
Indigenous peoples comprise the majority of humans who inhabit the highlands…the
Crystalline Highlands.
Another settlement on the other side of the valley
Somewhere in the high relief
Crystalline
Highlands

Did I mention that life is lonely in the highlands… the
Crystalline
Highlands?
Young boy rakes his family ’ s coffee beans.
Hella high relief!
In which season would you want to harvest and dry coffee beans?

Lenca village in Honduras ’ portion of the Crystalline Highlands. Indigenous settlements tend to be where elevations are high but the relief is relatively low.

Milpa
Village
Many still must cultivate steep hillsides for subsistence.

Lenca children in the highlands
…the
Crystalline
Highlands.

Life is lonely for livestock in the highlands…the Crystalline
Highlands. Cattle graze naturally occurring grasses in a sparse ocotal. Transhumance?

Life is becoming less lonely highlands … the
Crystalline
Highlands.
Cell phone technology is connecting isolated settlements with the larger world, outside of the
Crystalline
Highlands.
Many of these settlements never had telephones.
Cell tower
Ocotal
They are leapfrogging from telegraph lines to cell phones.

Volcano in El
Salvador
Ocotal
Window in
Honduras

Red line = our path of slide and Google Earth investigation

Road cut between Ciudad Vieja and Antigua, Guatemala (Two colonial capital cities that were destroyed by volcanoes (1541 and 1773 and earthquakes). The undulating layers are volcanic ash deposited by different volcanic events.

Volcan Agua, looking south from
Antigua, Guatemala. Season?

Volcan Agua, looking south from
Antigua, Guatemala. Season?

Volcan Agua, looking south from Antigua, Guatemala.
And, turn your head ~30 degrees to the right and you ’ ll see the next slide.

Volcan Fuego
Volcan Acatenango

Antigua was a colonial capital.
Volcanoes and earthquakes destroyed many of its buildings. Some have been restored.
Others, like this church, are still in ruins.
The ruins and volcanoes are tourist destinations

This one too.

Lake Atitlan, a large caldera that filled with water.
Volcan Agua. The same one that you can see from
Antigua.

Lake Atitlan
Volcan Santo Tomas

Tourist cop
Lake Atitlan
Tourist
Locals
The stunning geography of
Guatemala ’ s portion of the Volcanic
Highlands attracts tourists to the region.

Almolonga, Guatemala: Fertile soil derived from volcanic ash.

Coffee and volcanoes?

Red line = our path of slide and Google Earth investigation

El Tigre, Honduras: a volcanic island just off of
Honduras ’ Pacific coast.

Jicaral, Nicaragua
Volcan Telica

Volcan Momotombo
Arroz. Kind of like looking at the
Sutter Buttes from south of
Durham

Volcan Momotombo
Others

Volcan San Cristobal
Volcan Casita
Click on the link below to learn what happened here in northwestern Nicaragua in
October of 1998. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989569,00.html?promoid=googlep

San Cristobal

Landslide scar on Volcan Casita caused by Hurricane Mitch

Memorial to the victims.

Memorial to the victims.

Some settlers have returned to live in the devastated area.

Volcan Momotombo
Volcan Momotombito
Lake Managua

My Miskito friend, Conrad
Hooker. I met him while traveling through the
Nicaraguan Depression and looking at the volcanoes there.
Conrad is from Sandy Bay,
Nicaragua. His village was destroyed by Hurricane
Felix fall of 2007. I have loaned him money to rebuild. The next slide is the latest email that I have received from him.
Conrad ’ s first language is
Miskito. His second language is English, which sounds similar to Jamaican
English.

dear sbrady
Im verry happy to hort from you all so your family all so from, allof my people from, my villege whe send you greathing
I gate here managua yesterday im in managua for this reason I looking sea food market all so I fine the market Iwat trasport lobster height quality so they will paid me 12 us dollar per paunds bot now Ihave problems Its Ineed
Ice chest to transport. each ice chest take 120 paunds lobster so Ineed 10 Ice chest because this Its the verry long whe journey
So here in managua have this ice chest so ech ice chest cash 120 us dear my friends dont worry i wat you are loan me this money to buy this ice chest so with second journey I will paid yuor money
With interes dear my friends with this transport sea Ican build orphanage children house because whe have verry hard ship live for our people because whe dont have harvest. yet so sbrady dont live me along because I stay in gueest house this is my ID Nomber 627-130 159-0000T
My neme Its Conrad Hooker Evans
I will waith your answer.
today 15 th febrary 2008
Im in managua

Conrad is trying to buy large ice chests so that he can sell lobsters from the eastern coast to markets in western Nicaragua. Although
Hurricane Felix destroyed much of the village, this year ’ s lobster crop is bountiful. To rebuild, however, the people of Sandy Bay need to sell the lobsters in markets in the west. The distance is not long.
The time of travel is. La Mosquitia is poorly linked to the large population centers in the west. Only one road is passable, and only during verano, between western Nicaragua and coastal Mosquitia.
Read the link to learn more about Sandy Bay and the hurricane.
http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/latin_america_and_caribbean/country/ nicaragua/index.cfm?uNewsID=116000

http://www.palmerministry.com/miskitoinfo.htm

Yellow line = route of Google Earth – slide excursion

Restrooms
Mosquitia International Airport

Wet savanna.
The savannas of
Mosquitia receive enough rainfall to support a tropical rainforest.
Nevertheless, a savanna (tropical grassland) grows there. Check Rains article for the explanation.

Rain in coastal Miskito settlement

Miskito taxi at the mouth of the Rio Paulaya

Mahogany pipante

Inland port, Mosquitia

Miskito fishing village

From local Wal-Mart

Not Mosquitia. Just a one of my pics nice that I found. What landscape region? Season?

Commercial lobster operations can afford this type of ships.
Miskito lobstermen rely on much smaller dug out canoes with sails. We ’ ll read about the competition between commercial and Miskito lobstermen later this semester .
Lobster ships

Miskito ferry

Frontier boom-town in Mosquitia