Mitosis/Meiosis
How are they
different?
The exchange of DNA between the
chromatid arms on homologous
pairs is called ________________
Crossing over
This type of cell division
used by bacteria to reproduce
Binary fission
The mixing up of maternal and
paternal chromosomes as they
move apart during anaphase I is
called ______________
Independent assortment
The pairing up of homologous
chromosomes during prophase I
synapsis
is called _________________
This diagram is
showing
_________________
Crossing over
During which phase does
this happen?
PROPHASE I of
meiosis
Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?
mitosis
Makes 2 daughter cells ______________
meiosis
Makes haploid cells _______________
Divides twice but
meiosis
copies DNA once __________________
mitosis
Used to repair injuries ______________
Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?
Meiosis
Makes 4 daughter cells ______________
mitosis
Makes diploid cells _______________
mitosis
Copies DNA every __________________
time it divides
meiosis
Used to make gametes ______________
Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?
Makes 2n cells ______________
mitosis
Crossing over happens _______________
meiosis
mitosis
Used when organisms _________________
grow bigger
meiosis
Used in sexual reproduction ___________
Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?
meiosis
Testes and ovaries do it ____________
mitosis
Body cells do it _______________
meiosis
Crossing over happens ____________
Divides twice ______________
meiosis
in a row
Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?
meiosis
Independent assortment_____________
happens
mitosis
Divides just once_______________
meiosis
Used in oogenesis __________________
Makes cells identical
to parent cell
__________________
mitosis
Type of cell
division shown
meiosis
Body organ where you would expect to
see the above happen
Ovary or testes
Type of cell division
shown
mitosis
Tell one reason why a cell would
do this Grow organism bigger
Repair injuries
Replace worn out cells
Asexual reproduction
IN humans where does oogenesis
happen? ovaries
IN plants and some algae the
diploid multicellular organism is
called a ________________
sporophyte
The small cells produced when the
cytoplasm divides unevenly during
Polar bodies
oogenesis are called ______________
Producing offspring without using
sperm or eggs in which the DNA
comes from only 1 parent
Asexual reproduction
TRUE or FALSE
Polar bodies will go on to become
mature eggs
FALSE; they will die
The production of mature sperm is
spermatogenesis
called ___________________
Type of reproduction in which
offspring are produced by
combining the genetic material
from 2 parents
Sexual reproduction
A cell with only one copy of each
chromosome is called ___________
Haploid OR
1n
A cell which has 2 copies of every
chromosome is called _____________
diploid
OR 2n
Type of division that makes daughter
cells which are different from the
parent cell and different from each other
meiosis
The production of a mature egg is
called ____________________
oogenesis
Phase in which INDEPENDENT
ASSORTMENT happens
Anaphase I
Name 2 ways the DNA in cells gets
recombined in new ways during
meiosis
Crossing over OR
independent assortment
Phase during which SYNAPSIS happens
Prophase I
Spermatogenesis produces ____
4
mature sperm cells
Phase in which CROSSING OVER
happens
Prophase I
How many mature eggs are produced
during oogenesis?
Only 1; the other 3 are polar bodies
Chromosomes that do NOT
determine sex are called
____________
autosomes
Tell one phase that is different in
meiosis than in mitosis
Prophase I- Synapsis & crossing over
Anaphase I- homologous partners separate instead of
sister chromatids; independent assortment
Metaphase I- homologous pairs line up together
Interphase II- No DNA is copied
The group of 4 chromatids of a
homologous pair is called a
________________
tetrad
This picture of an
organism’s
chromosomes
is called a
karyotype
_______________
How many autosomes do humans
have? 44; 46 – 2 sex chromosomes
A human with 2 X chromosomes
is a _________
female
male
female
The joining of sperm and egg cells
fertilization
is called _________________
A fertilized egg is called a
_________________
zygote
Tell how metaphase I and metaphase
II are different
Metaphase I- homomolgous
partners line up together
Metaphase II- chromosomes
line up separately
IN humans where does
spermatogenesis happen?
testes
In plants and some algae the
haploid multicellular organism is
called a ________________
gametophyte
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y
chromosome is
a. a somatic cell of a male.
b. a zygote.
Sperm
c. a somatic cell of a female.
d. a sperm cell.
e. an ovum.
cell
Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite
poles of a dividing cell during
a. mitosis.
Meiosis I
b. meiosis I.
c. meiosis II.
d. fertilization.
e. binary fission.
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that
a. homologous chromosomes synapse.
b. DNA replicates before the division.
c. the daughter cells are diploid.
D d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase.
e. the chromosome number is reduced.
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of
the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same
cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be
a. 0.25 x.
Still
X;
chromosomes
b. 0.5 x .
haven’t split yet
c. x.
d. 2 x.
e. 4 x.
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that
a. homologous chromosomes synapse.
b. DNA replicates before the division.
c. the daughter cells are diploid.
D d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase.
e. the chromosome number is reduced.
The immediate product of meiosis in a plant is a
a. spore.
b. gamete.
SPORE
c. sporophyte.
d. gametophyte.
e. zygote.
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that
a. homologous chromosomes synapse.
b. DNA replicates before the division.
c. the daughter cells are diploid.
D d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase.
e. the chromosome number is reduced.
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of
the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same
cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be
a. 0.25 x.
Still
X;
chromosomes
b. 0.5 x .
haven’t split yet
c. x.
d. 2 x.
e. 4 x.
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell
cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase
of meiosis I would be
a. 0.25 x
b. 0.5 x
2X cell copies DNA in S after
c. x
d. 2 x
G1, but hasn’t split yet
e. 4 x
If we continued to follow the cell lineage from the cell above,
then the DNA content at metaphase of meiosis II would be
a. 0.25 x
X- Back to X again;
b. 0.5 x
c. x
Cell has reduced # in meiosis I
d. 2 x
e. 4 x
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
Multicellular haploid organisms
a. are typically called sporophytes.
b. produce new cells for growth by meiosis.
C c. produce gametes by mitosis.
d. are found only in aquatic environments.
e. are the direct result of fertilization.
Crossing over usually contributes to genetic variation
by exchanging chromosomal segments between
a. sister chromatids of a chromosome.
b. chromatids of nonhomologues.
B
c. nonsister chromatids of homologues.
d. nonhomologous loci of the genome.
e. autosomes and sex chromosomes.
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
In comparing the typical life cycles of plants and
animals, a stage found in plants but not in animals is a
a. gamete.
b. zygote
c. multicellular diploid.
d. multicellular haploid
D
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
Which of the following life cycles is seen in plants?
A
Animals
B
Plants
& some algae
B
C
Most fungi
& some protists
Which of the following life cycles is seen in animals?
A
Animals
B
Plants
& some algae
A
C
Most fungi
& some protists
The following life cycles is seen in animals.
Haploid gametes fuse to produce a 2n zygote
via which process?
FERTILIZATION
The following life cycles is seen in animals.
Diploid organisms produce haploid gametes via
which process?
MEIOSIS
The following life cycles is seen in animals.
A diploid zygote becomes a diploid multicellular
adult via which process?
MITOSIS
The following life cycles is seen in plants and
some algae. Diploid organisms produce
haploid spores via which process?
MEIOSIS
The following life cycles is seen in plants and
some algae. Haploid spores produce haploid
multicellular gametophytes via which process?
MITOSIS
The following life cycles is seen in plants and
some algae. Haploid multicellular
gametophytes produce haploid gametes via
which process?
MITOSIS
The following life cycles is seen in plants and
some algae. Haploid gametes produce a
diploid zygote via which process?
FERTILIZATION
Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase I
Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II Interphase II
INTERPHASE
I or DNA
II
________________
is all spread out as chromatin
and nuclear envelope & nucleoli
are visible
PROPHASE I
________________
Chromatin condenses; homologues
loosely start pairing along their
lengths
ANAPHASE II
________________
METAPHASE I
Sister chromatids separate
________________ Homologous pairs line up in middle
of cell
Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase I
Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II Cytokinesis
METAPHASE II Replicated chromosomes lined up
________________
along equator
CYTOKINESIS Division of cells produce four
________________
haploid cells
METAPHASE
I or IIKinetochores
________________
chromatids
attach to sister
________________
TELOPHASE I Each half of the cell has a haploid
set of chromosomes; cells still joined