AP Psychology
Intro to Perception
11/4/13
1st quarter exam
• Review missed questions individually.
• Write correct answers in complete
sentences…EXCEPT number 7 & 76. The
correct answers are C & basilar membrane.
• Six-question curve (including 7 & 76).
Kinesthesis vs. Vestibular Sense
• Kinesthesis: using touch to sense your body’s
placement and movements (e.g. skin)
• Vestibular sense: using mechanisms in the
head to monitor your body’s balance and
movement (e.g. semicircular canals)
Selective attention
• Though you understand that multiple
interpretations exist, you can only experience
one at a time.
Necker Cube
Duckrabbit
Face vase
Old woman/young woman
Old woman/young woman
awesomeness
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a91eiu_ee
r4
Illusions
• All examples of selective attention.
• The cocktail party effect is another example of
selective attention.
Figure-Ground relationship
• Your interpretation of an image adjusts your
figure (what stands out) and your ground (the
surroundings). You can reverse your figure and
ground with some illusions—this phenomenon is
related to the figure-ground relationship, or how
we organize our visual fields into these groups.
• This concept is also known as multistability—our
experiences switch back and forth between
interpretations.
• Face vase is the best example.
Count the number of passes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGQmdoK_Z
fY
Inattentional blindness
Change Blindness
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38XO7ac9eS
s
About 66%-75% do not notice the change.
More blindness…
• Choice blindness
• Choice-blindness blindness
Pop-out Effect
Attention & Perception
• Explain in one paragraph how attention can
impact perception of sensations. Use specific
examples.
Visual capture
• When the brain gets conflicting sensations,
the sense that wins out is visual. This principle
is called visual capture.
• Ventriloquism is the most common example of
visual capture.
Gestalt psychology
• Gestalt is German for “whole.”
• Humans have a tendency to organize visual
sensations into grouped perceptions. This is
called grouping.
• “The whole is different than the sum of the
parts” – e.g. a cookie, a basketball team, etc.
• Central concept: Law of Pragnanz, or the Law of
Simplicity. Humans tend to order experiences in a
way that is regular, symmetric, and simple.
Gestalt: Proximity
Gestalt: Similarity
Gestalt: Continuity
Gestalt: Connectedness
Gestalt: Closure
Homework
• Read pages 237-244 for review if you want.
• Read pages 245-254 & take notes.