Life Science Study Guide – Use your 7th grade textbook and notebook to further study.
Organisms – any living thing that needs energy to survive
Producers – organisms that make their own energy (food)
- All plants are producers. Producers are plants.
Consumers – organisms that eat other organisms for energy (food)
Herbivore – organism that consumes only plants
Omnivore – organism that consumes plants and animals
Carnivore – organism that consumes only animals
Decomposers - organisms that break down and digestdead plants & animals
- worms, fungus, dung beetles and flies
Plants have 3 main parts needed for survival: the roots, the stem & the leaves
o Roots  suck water from the ground
o Stem  moves water and food throughout the plant
o Leaves  trap sunlight and carbon dioxide, transpire water
o Simple vs. Compound Plants ->
Simple leaf: an undivided leaf; one piece beginning from a single bud.
Compound leaf: A single leaf divided into multiple leaflets, beginning from a single bud.
Photosynthesis–the process in which plants produce their own food.
Step 1: light, water and carbon dioxide enter the plant
Step 2: energy from the light turns water & carbon dioxide
into sugar
Step 3: sugar is used as food to give plant energy
Step 4: water transpires releasing oxygen and hydrogen into
the air
The Carbon Dioxide – Oxygen Cycle illustrate how oxygen exits
plants for
animals to breathe & carbon dioxide exits animals for plants to
absorb.
Food chain - diagram that scientists use to illustrate what organisms
eat.
- Food chains demonstrate thepathof food energy from one organism to another with arrows
- Always starts with our SUN because all energy comes from our SUN
Sun  Grass  Cow  Human
Food Web – series of overlapping food chains that illustrate everything animals consume
Producers
Herbivore
Consumers
Omnivore
Environments- all biotic and abiotic things surrounding an organism
Habitat – home of animals
Ecosystem – many habitats in the same area
Biome – a group of ecosystems with the same organisms and climate
Carnivore
BIOTIC  living
ABIOTIC  non-living
Niche – job or role an organism does in its environment to survive
- predator hunts animals for food
- prey is hunted and eaten by predators.
- Parent  reproduces and protects offspring.
- Offspring – learn behaviors needed for survival
Adaptations – structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in its environment
- Adaptations are in response to external factors (temperature, sunlight, loss of habitat)
- Generations of time are needed for organisms to adapt
- Structural Adaptationsphysical changes such as: size, shape, color, body part
- Behavioral Adaptations actions change such as: migration, eating habits
Traits - any characteristic or feature of an organism; behavioral and structural.
- Inherited traits – characteristics passed down from parents to offspring
- skin color, eye color,
height, beak shape
-Acquired traits – characteristics
organisms learn or take from their
environment
- reading, speed,
tattoos, bend in trees, hunting.
Description
Mitosis
Meiosis
Involved in
asexual or sexual
reproduction?
Are daughter
cells clones of
the parent?
Mitosis and Meiosis:
# of cell divisions
Mitosis is a type of cellular reproduction
where a cell will produce an identical
replica of itself with the same number and
patterns of genes and chromosomes.
Meiosis, on the other hand, is a special
process in cellular division where cells are
created containing gene patterns of
different types and combinations with
# of daughter
cells produced
Type of daughter
cells?
(body cells or
gametes)
Diploid or
haploid daughter
cells?
50% of the number of chromosomes of the original cell.
Meiosis is used in sexual reproduction of organisms to combine male and female, through the
spermazoa and egg, to create a new, singular biological organism. Mitosis is used by single celled
organisms to reproduce, or in the organic growth of tissues, fibers, and mibranes.
Osmosis and Diffusion
Osmosis is the result of diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane. If two solutions of different
concentration are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, then the solvent will tend to diffuse
across the membrane from the more concentrated to the less concentrated solution. This process is
called osmosis.
Semi-permeable membranes are very thin layers of material and these allow small molecules like
Oxygen, water, Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia, Glucose, amino-acids etc. to pass through. But they do not
allow larger molecules like sucrose, protein etc. to pass through.
STUDY CELLS and BODY SYSTEMS!!