EMERGENCE OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE • • • • REBIRTH Florence the center first, then Rome Science & math tools for artists Humanism: an interest in the art & lit of ancient Greece & Rome • Patrons of art: wealthy families (Medici), nobility, royal courts, the Church- funded artists Top Four Breakthroughs • • • • Oil on stretched canvas Perspective Use of light and shadow Pyramid configuration MASACCIO • Took innovations of Giotto and developed them into a trademark style • Combined visual perspective, texture, and monumental forms to initiate Renaissance painting in Florence The Holy Trinity. 1428. Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy. Linear Perspective • Graphic system that showed artists how to create illusion of depth/volume on flat surface • Slanting horizontal lines in picture makes them extend back into space • Meet at the vanishing point- a point along an imaginary horizon line QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. The Tribute Money • 3 scenes to tell the life of St. Peter • 1427. Brancacci Chapel, Florence, Italy. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Aerial Perspective • Uses hue, value, and intensity to show distance in a painting • Distant objects look lighter and duller • Figures up front are large, clear, and bright LORENZO GHIBERTI • Won a competition to design the doors for the north entrance into the baptistry of Florence; also did east doors • Used pictorial space and 1 point perspective to produce convincing depths GATES OF PARADISE • East doors named by Michelangelo • Cast in bronze and covered in gold. 10 large square panels showing Old Testament QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Adam and Eve. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. The Battle with the Philistines. FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI • Credited w/ discovering linear perspective • Lost contest for Baptistery to Ghiberti • Greatest achievement was his initiation of a new style of building. Cathedral of Florence. 1420-36 THE DOME • Built as 2 shells, one inside the other • Linked with 8 ribs that met at top of dome • Joined by horizontal supports around outside of dome at base QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. DONATELLO QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Greatest sculptor of his time • His style is a combination of Classical and Renaissance • Contraposto: slight twisting of body to suggest action • Facial expressions to provide images of pride, dignity and self reliance St. Mark. 1411-13. Orsanmichele, Florence, Italy. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Mary Magdalene. 1454-55. Baptistery of S. Giovanni, Florence, Italy. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. SANDRO BOTTICELLI • Principle painter in last third of the 15th century • Superintendent of paintings for the Sistine chapel BIRTH OF VENUS. 1482. Florence. • Based on traditional mythology of ancient Greece and Rome • Metaphor for Christian ideas • Venus, the water and Spring symbolize Christ, baptism and John the Baptist • The birth of Venus signifies the rebirth of humanity Mars and Venus Mars and Venus. 1483. Florence. • Iconography expresses the theme of dangers of men who fall in love with women. • Mars exhausted by his amorous pursuits makes him the butt of the satyrs’ jokes. ANDREA MANTEGNA • Northern Italian artist from Padua • Excelled in foreshortening: drawing figures or objects according o the rules of perspective so they appear to recede or protrude into 3-d space DEAD CHRIST. 1466. Milan. • Shown feet first with wounds of Crucifixion clearly visible and head tilts forward • Idealization of body and mastery of perspective creates a haunting psychological effect QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Ceiling fresco of the Camera Picta, Ducale Palace. 1474. Mantua. • Dramatic illusionism. • Strong use of perspective (center vanishing point) and foreshortening of winged cherubs