Part 10:
John E. Clayton
Nanjing University, Spring, 2005

Syllabus
02/28 Introduction;
03/07
03/14 Speech 1
03/21
03/28 Movie: Remember the Titans
04/04 Overcoming Fear
04/11 Speech 2
04/18 Make-up speeches; Review speech 2
04/25 Using an outline; Selecting a topic
05/02 Holiday
05/09 Using visual aids; Topic outline card
05/16 Speech 3 (topic your choice, Visual aid, Outline card)
(NOTE: Please DO NOT use PowerPoint)
05/23 Review of Speech 3
06/30 Review of all speech principles; Prep for speech 4
06/06 Speech 4 (no make-ups – all due this day)
06/09 Speech contest and party (evening, 6:00 – 8:00pm)

The Role of Presentation Aids
Presentation Aids
• Can be audio or visual
• Help the audience
- see relationships
- remember material
• Should be used to supplement, rather than serve as your ideas

Memory & Presentation Aids
Percent of Speech Remembered After…
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Verbal
Only
Visual
Only
Verbal
&
Visual
3 Hours
3 Days

When to Use?
The first step is to establish the need for an aid.
Once your speech is complete, read through to identify places where an aid would clarify your ideas.

Timing
Display your aid only when you are about to discuss it
Otherwise, the audience my become distracted if they see something they do not understand

Simplicity is Important

Place Aids Carefully
Make certain that the audience can see and hear your aids, and that you can access them easily without interrupting the flow of your speech

What Aids Should You Use?

Basic Guidelines for Aids
•
Make it easy to see
•
Keep it simple
•
Make it consistent with objective
•
Maintain eye contact
•
Talk about visual aid

Additional Considerations
• Don’t pass items around
•
Use nothing dangerous or illegal
•
Avoid using live animals
•
Prepare for problems (have backups)

Types of Visual Aids
•
Slides
•
Posters
•
Objects
•
Models
•
Handouts

Types of Visual Aids, cont.
•
Flip charts
•
Chalkboards
•
Audio/video clips
•
Overhead transparencies
•
Projected computer graphics

Design Rules - Size
Make sure type size is large enough for the audience you will address
72 PT
60 PT
44 PT
36 PT
32 PT
28 PT
24 PT
18 PT
14 PT

A Picture is Worth 1,000 Words
“Hanging from a small pin pounded into the mountain surface can be an exciting, if dangerous, activity.”

A Picture is Worth 1,000 Words

Chalkboard
Use for simple explanations
Remember -- the processes of writing or drawing reduce contact between the presenter and the audience

Practice With the Aid
Practice the presentation as it will actually be performed
Plan on what to say during “dead time,” such as time spent walking over to an overhead

Gettysburg Address
Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war.
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

Gettysburg Address
Abraham Lincoln
Delivered 19
November 1863,
Gettysburg
Battlefield

Topic Outline Card
A. Introduction – we need better laws regarding alcohol.
1. Bob’s death
2. Latest statistics on youth deaths.
3. Question: why must this continue?
B. Need – It can happen to anyone.
1. Story of Jane’s crippling accident.
2.
C. Satisfaction --

Homework
Finish preparing speech 3, to be presented on May 16 th
1. Argumentative topic of your choice
2. 3 minutes
MEASURED ON:
- Impactful introduction
- Effective use of a visual aid
- Use of a topic outline card