History of Film
Presented by Naomi Ghent
Developments prior to 1895
that let to the Motion Picture
Around
1824: Thaumatrope
 Optical toy employing the principle of
persistence of vision

Simple cardboard disk with drawing on
both side
 When twirled rapidly on a string the images
appeared superimposed
1832: Phenakistoscope
 A spinning wheel with an image at its center
that seems to move
 Invented by Joseph Plateau in Belgium
1834: Zoetrope
 Plateau’s Phenakistoscope is refined into the
Zoetrope by William Horner
 Zeotrope offered a succession of drawings
which provided the illusion of animated
action when the revolving drum was spun
and the viewer looked through the slots.
1872: Primitive Movie
 Edweard Muybridge shoots a famous series
of still images of a horse in motion to settle a
bet
 When viewed in sequence, the stills form a
primitive movie
1882: Shotgun Camera
(Photographic gun)
 “shotgun” could record the movements of
animals in rapid succession (12 per second)
on a single glass plate coated with lightsensitive emulsion
 Invented Etienne-Jules Marey
1888: First Movie
 Inventor Louis Aime Augustin Le Prince
shoots a short film of traffic on a bridge in
Leeds, England
 The film is probably the first movie ever shot
and then shown to the public
1890: Kinetograph
 The first modern movie camera
 William Kennedy Laurie Dickson builds it
under instruction from Thomas Alva Edison
1894: First Film Production Studio
 To supply the Kinetoscopes with films the first
motion picture studio was constructed by
Edison and W. K. L. Dickson
 Dubbed the “Black Maria”, it was located
on the lawn of the Edison laboratory in West
Orange, N. J.
1894: First Kinetoscope Parlor
 The first Kinetoscope parlor opens in New
York
 For the price of a penny one could see a
motion picture peep show
1895: Regular Public Screening
 Auguste and Louis Lumiere hold the first
public screening of their films
 They began regular projection of motion
pictures for paying audiences in the
basement of Grand Café in Paris
1898: Chronophone
 Alice Guy shoots primitive sound films in
France using the Chronophone process
1902: A Trip to the Moon
 Georges Milies has a hit with his special
effects extravaganza, A Trip to the Moon
1914: First Hollywood feature film
1917: Lincoln Motion Picture Company
 Cecil B. DeMille’s The Squaw Man is the first
Hollywood feature film
 The Lincoln Motion Picture Company, a
pioneering African American film studio, is
founded
1923: Phonofilm
 A sound-on-film process
 Lee de Forest
demonstrates Phonofilm
which will eventually
become the industry
standard
1926: DonJuan
1927: The Jazz Singer
1928: The Light of New York
 Warner Bros. debuts the film Don Juan with
synchronized sound effects and music

The Jazz Singer is the first widely screened feature
film with talking sequences interspersed into an
otherwise silent film
 The Light of New York is the first all-talking film, and
the first Warner Bros. Gangster film
1932:New Three-strip Technicolor
1935: First T.S.T Film
 Three stripe process uses three negatives;
they are individually sensitive to the primary
colors (red, green, and blue)and printed
onto a single strand of film in the lab
 Walt Disney shoots Flowers and Trees in the
new three-strip Technicolor process
 Rouben Mamoulian’s Becky Sharp is the first
feature film shot in three-strip Technicolor
1937: First full length Animation
1943: First Book of Film Theory
1948: Paramount Decree
 Disney creates the first feature-length
animated cartoon, Snow White and the
Seven Dwarfs
 Sergei Eisenstein publishes Film Sense, one of
the first key books of film theory
 The Paramount decree requires the major
movie studios to sell off their theater chains
1951: Color TV
1952: First Cinerama film
 Color Television is introduced
 The first Cinerama film is shown to the public
 Cinerama – Widescreen process using three
cameras and three projectors to record and
project a single image
1955: First rock ‘n’ roll in HF
1956: Videotapes
1960: First TV Presidential debates
 Blackboard Jungle uses Bill Haley’s “Rock
Around the Clock” over the credits, the first
use of rock ‘n’ roll in a Hollywood film

Videotape becomes a staple of TV
production
 The first televised U.S. Presidential debates,
between Richard Nixon and John F.
Kennedy
1962: First Comm. Satellite in Orbit
1964: First African American Best Actor
 Telstar, the first communication satellite in
orbit, is lunched, relaying TV pictures from
the U.S. to France and England

Sidney Poitier becomes the first African
American to win the Academy Award for
Best Actor
1967: PortaPak
1968: Videocassette recorder
 Sony introduces a low-cost black and white
home video recorder, The PortaPak
 Sony introduces the videocassette recorder
for home use
1975: Jaws
1976: VHS Recording
 Jaws premieres and becomes the model for
the modern movie block buster
 VHS home video recording is introduced;
it will soon eclipse the Betamax format
1980: CNN
1981: MTV
 Ted Turner establishes CNN, a 24-hour news
network
 MTV debuts as a 24/7 video music network
1982: Computer Animation
1983: Movie Rating
 Walt Disney Studio’s Tron is an early example
of computer animation
 The PG-13 movie rating is created
1985: First Blockbuster
1988: Cable TV
 The first Blockbuster video store opens
 52% of U.S. home have cable TV
1991: Computer-generated film
 Disney and Pixar join forces to create
computer-generated feature films
1992: VCR
1993: Internet
 66% of all U.S. homes have VCRs
 American Online launches large-scale
network e-mail;
 Use of Internet surges
1994: DreamWorks
 Steven Spielberg, David Geffen, and Jeffrey
Katzenberg found DreamWorks Studios
1997: Titanic
 James Cameron directs Titanic, the costliest
($200 million production cost)and most
successful film in history
1998: Google / HDTV
 Google goes online
 HDTV broadcasts begin
2000: 6 Major Companies
 The film industry is now controlled by 6 major
companies: Disney, NBC Universal, Time
Warner, Sony, Fox, and Viacom
2002: Reality TV
 “The Osbournes” debuts on MTV, creating a
model for “reality TV”
2004: The Passion of the Christ

An American film directed by Mel Gibson
 The controversy over the film presented the
Christian community with an opportunity to
build bridges with Hollywood’s Jewish
community
By 2004: DVD Player
 DVD Players were found in 70% of U.S.
households, making DVD the fastest-growing
technology in history
2005: Paramount
 Paramount buys DreamWorks for $1.6 billion
2006: YouTube
 YouTube explodes on the Web
Conclusion
 Film was developed by many people over a
long pried of time with ideas that led to new
ideas
 The way we deliver Film / Movies are
changing rapidly in recent years
 “Heaven and earth will pass away, but my
words will never pass away.” Mark 13:31
Work cited
Ellis, Jack C. A History of Film. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1979. Print.
Dixon, Wheeler W., and Gwendolyn Audrey. Foster. A Short History of Film. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP,
2008. Print.
Singleton, Ralph S., James A. Conrad, and Janna Wong. Healy. Filmmaker's Dictionary. Hollywood, CA: Lone
Eagle Pub., 2000. Print.
Naughton, John, and Adam Smith. Movies: A Crash Course. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1998. Print.
Wexman, Virginia Wright., and Jack C. Ellis. A History of Film. Boston: Pearson/A & B, 2006. Print.
Lewerenz, Spencer, and Barbara Nicolosi. Behind the Screen: Hollywood Insiders on Faith, Film, and Culture.
Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2005. Print.
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The End.
Thank you!