Essential questions
What are the structures of the
sensory system?
3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system
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The Senses
 Eyes
 Sight
 Ears
 Hearing
 Nose
 Smell
 Tongue
 Taste
 Skin
 Touch
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Eyes
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Protection
 The eye is protected by the orbital socket of the skull,
eyelids, the eyebrows and eye lashes
 The protective membrane over the eye is the
conjunctiva
 When we blink, the eyes are constantly bathed in fluid
secreted by the lacrimal glands.
 The tears contain lysozymes which help combat
bacterial infections
 The eye is made of up 3 layers: Sclera, choroid and
retina
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system
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Question
 Name the disorder that is inflammation of the
membrane that lines the eye…sometimes called “Pink
Eye”
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system
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Answer
 Conjunctivitis
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Sclera
 The outermost layer
 The white of the eye
 Maintains the shape of the eye and protects the
structures within
 The muscles that move the eye are the extrinsic
muscles
 On the anterior portion of the eyeball it forms the
cornea
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Question
 What is known as the window of the eye?
 A. Iris
 B. Retina
 C. Cornea
 D. Sclera
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Answer
 Cornea
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Choroid
 The middle layer
 Contains the iris and the pupil
 The iris is the colored portion of the eye
 The pupil is the opening that allows for light to enter
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Question
 What is the colored portion of the eye?
 A. Lens
 B. Retina
 C. Iris
 D. Sclera
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Answer
 Iris
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Retina
 The innermost layer
 Contains the nerve endings that join to the optic nerve
 Contains two types of light sensing receptors-rods and
cones
 Each eye contains millions of receptors: 100 million
rods and 3 million cones
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system
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Detached Retina
Shaken Baby finding
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system
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Diabetic Retinopathy
 Can be caused by hypertension ( BP ) or Diabetes
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system
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Question
 What structure contains the optic disc?
 A. cornea
 B. lens
 C. retina
 D. sclera
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Answer
 Retina
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Glaucoma
 Increased pressure in the fluid of the eye which
interferes with optic nerve function and vision
gradually deteriorates
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system
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Structures of the eyes
 Rods and cones
 Rods


Active in dim light
Do not perceive color
 Cones


Active in bright light
Perceive color
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Question
 If someone is colorblind what structure is impaired?
 A. Cones
 B. Optic Nerve
 C. Optoc Disc
 D. Rods
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Question
 If someone has trouble driving at night what structure
is impaired:
 A. Cones
 B. Optic Disk
 C. Rods
 D. Optic Nerve
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Answer
 Rods
 Why?
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Because….
 Rods are active in dim light
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Structures of the eyes
 External structures
 Orbit
 Eyelids
 Eyelashes
 Conjunctiva
 Lacrimal apparatus
 Extrinsic muscles
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Structures of the eyes
 External structures
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Structures of eyes
 Extrinsic muscles
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Eyes
 Internal structures-Lens focuses light rays on the retina
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Question
 The disorder that deals with clouding of the lens is?
 A. glaucoma
 B. cataract
 C. Macular degeneration
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Answer
 Cataract
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Macular Degeneration
 A condition which causes loss of central vision needed
for driving and reading
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system
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Ears- hearing and balance
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3 divisions of the ears
 External ear
 Middle ear
 Also known as
the tympanic
cavity
 Inner ear
 Also known as
the labyrinth
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Structures of the ears
 External ear
 Pinna or
auricle-part
we see
 Auditory canal
or external
auditory
meatusmiddle ear
 Ceruminous
glands
 Tympanic
membranevibrates with
sound waves
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Structures of the ears
 Middle ear
 Ossicles-3
tiny bones
 Hammer or
malleus
 Anvil or
incus
 Stirrup or
stapes
 Eustachian
tube3.03 Remember the structures of the sensory system
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Question
 Which structure is part of the middle ear?
 A. tympanic membrane
 B. semicircular canal
 C. incus
 D. auditory canal
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Answer
 Incus
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Disorders
 External otitis

Otitis media
 Otosclerosis

Meniere’s disease
 Tinnitus

Presbycusis
 Conductive hearing loss-Ear wax
 Sensorineural hearing loss
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Question
 Mary has an ear clog impacted with ear wax. Which
sensory disorder does she have making it hard for her
to hear?
 A. Tinnitus
 B. Vertigo
 C. Sensoineural Hearling loss
 D. Conductive hearing loss
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Answer
 Conductive Hearing Loss-Why?
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….because
 The ear wax is not allowing the sound waves to enter
the ear drum
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Question
 Owen has a cold and is pulling at his ears. He has a
fever and fluid draining from his right ear. Which
sensory disorder is he experiencing?
 A. Tinnitus
 B. Vertigo
 C. Meniere’s Disease
 D. Otitis Media
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Answer
 Otitis Media OM
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Structures of the ears
 Inner ear
 Cochlea
 Perilymph
fluid
 Semicircular
canals

Endolymph
fluid
 Vestibule
chamber
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Question
 A construction worker does not wear appropriate
hearing protection and is complaining of ringing in his
ear. Which sensory order is he experiencing?
 A. Tinnitus
 B. Vertigo
 C. Sensoineural Hearling loss
 D. Conductive hearing loss
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Answer
 Tinnitus
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Nose
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Structures of the nose
 Nares
 Nasal cilia
 Nasal septum
 Olfactory receptors
 Turbinates
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Structures of the nose
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Structures of the nose
 Olfactory area
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Disorders of the Nose
Deviated nasal septum
Nasal polyps
Rhinitis
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Question
 Sasha has hayfever and complains of constant nasal
drainage. What is her medical conditon?
A. Deviated nasal septum
B. Nasal polyps
C. Rhinitis
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Answer
 Rhinorrhea
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Tongue
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Thrush- yeast and can be an
opportunistic infection
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system
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Strawberry Tongue
 A four-year-old develops a 103 degree fever and a rash
over her body. Her throat is bright red. In fact, so is her
mouth, even her tongue. Not the usual pink. Bright
red. (strep)
 Glossitis-inflammation
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Structures of the tongue
 Taste receptors
 Also known as
gustatory buds or
taste buds or
 PAPILLA-medical
term
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Question
 What is the medical term for your taste buds?
 A. cilia
 B. alveoli
 C. papilla
 D. pinna
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Answer
 papilla
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Trivia Tongue
 Did you know…
 Taste is the weakest of the five senses
 We have almost 10,000 taste buds inside our mouths;
even on the roofs of our mouths
 Everyone’s tongue print is different similar to
fingerprints
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Question
 Omari had an ear infection and his doctor gave him
antibiotics. Now he has white patches on his tongue.
What sensory disorder is he experiencing?
 A. Strawberry tongue
 B. Glossitis
 C. Glossectomy
 D. Thrush
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Answer
 Thrush
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Skin
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Structures of the skin
 Epidermis layer
 Dermis layer
 Subcutaneous layer
 Touch receptors
 Tactile corpuscles
located in the skin
 Temperature
sensors
 Pain receptors
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Phantom Leg Pain
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Question
 Terry lost his right leg during a road side bomb. Even
though his surgeons removed his leg, his brain still
tells him that his foot is cramping. This is an example
of ?
 A. dermal pain
 B. psoriasis
 C. urticaria
 D. phantom pain
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Answer
 Phantom pain
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Essential questions
What are the structures of the
sensory system?
The End
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