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Organizational Theory > Classical Perspectives
Classical Perspectives
• Classical Versus Behavioral Perspectives
• Scientific Management: Taylor and the Gilbreths
• Bureaucratic Organizations: Weber
• Administrative Management: Fayol's Principles
• Flaws in the Classical Perspectives
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Appendix
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Organizational Theory
Key terms
• bureaucracy A complex means of managing life in social institutions that includes rules and regulations, patterns, and
procedures that are designed to simplify the functioning of complex organizations.
• bureaucratic control Setting standards, measuring actual performance, and taking corrective action through administrative or
hierarchical techniques such as creating policies.
• Fayolism An approach that focused on managerial practices that could minimize misunderstandings and increase efficiency in
organizations.
• iron cage Weber's theory that a bureaucratic society would result in a situation in which it would be impossible to avoid
bureaucracy and thus society would become increasingly more rational.
• micromanage To rely on extreme supervision and close monitoring of employee work.
• Motion Study Created by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, these analyzed work motions by filming workers and emphasized areas for
efficiency improvement by reducing motion.
• psychosocial Related to one's psychological development in, and interaction with, a social environment.
• Scientific Management An early 20th-century theory that analyzed workflows in order to improve efficiency.
• Taylorism Scientific management; a theory of management of the early 20th century that analyzed workflows in order to
improve efficiency.
• Taylorism Scientific management; an early 20th-century theory of management that analyzed workflows in order to improve
efficiency.
• Time studies Created by Frederick Winslow Taylor, these break down each job into component parts and time each part to
determine the most efficient method of working.
• top-down Of or relating to a perspective that progresses from a single, large basic unit to multiple, smaller subunits.
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Organizational Theory
IRS tax form
An IRS tax form is an example of a complex form.
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Organizational Theory
Factory workers
Taylorism and classical management styles negatively affected the morale of workers, which created a negative relationship between workers and
managers.
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Organizational Theory
Henri Fayol
Henri Fayol pioneered definitions of control for management science.
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Organizational Theory
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Frederick Winslow Taylor is considered the creator of scientific management.
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Organizational Theory
Classical Perspective of Management
The classical perspective of management focused on improving worker productivity.
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Organizational Theory
Which of the following organizational theories came earliest
(chronologically)?
A) Scientific method
B) Maslow's Hierarchy
C) McGregor's Theory X and Y
D) Follett's Authority Expertise
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Organizational Theory
Which of the following organizational theories came earliest
(chronologically)?
A) Scientific method
B) Maslow's Hierarchy
C) McGregor's Theory X and Y
D) Follett's Authority Expertise
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Organizational Theory
The classical perspective of scientific management was best
known during which decade?
A) 1910s
B) 1920s
C) 1930s
D) 1940s
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Organizational Theory
The classical perspective of scientific management was best
known during which decade?
A) 1910s
B) 1920s
C) 1930s
D) 1940s
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Organizational Theory
Bureaucracy both simplifies and complicates, primarily as a result
of:
A) A complicated formulaic approach despite simple rules and regulations
B) A complicated strategic approach despite a simplified organizational
approach
C) A simplified strategic approach despite a complicated organizational
structure
D) Complicated rules and regulations alongside a simple formulaic
approach
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Organizational Theory
Bureaucracy both simplifies and complicates, primarily as a result
of:
A) A complicated formulaic approach despite simple rules and regulations
B) A complicated strategic approach despite a simplified organizational
approach
C) A simplified strategic approach despite a complicated organizational
structure
D) Complicated rules and regulations alongside a simple formulaic
approach
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Organizational Theory
A)
B)
C)
D)
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Organizational Theory
A)
B)
C)
D)
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Organizational Theory
Under Taylorism, businesses saw increased worker intensity and
productivity. Why is it then that Taylorism derived little to no
organizational benefit over the longer term?
A) The opportunity cost of employee contentment
B) Taylorism was expensive in regards to managerial training
C) The opportunity cost of using the scientific method
D) The opportunity cost of Weber's bureaucracy
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Organizational Theory
Under Taylorism, businesses saw increased worker intensity and
productivity. Why is it then that Taylorism derived little to no
organizational benefit over the longer term?
A) The opportunity cost of employee contentment
B) Taylorism was expensive in regards to managerial training
C) The opportunity cost of using the scientific method
D) The opportunity cost of Weber's bureaucracy
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Organizational Theory
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Bureaucracy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureaucracy
• Wikibooks. "Introduction to Sociology/Society." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Sociology/Society
• Wikipedia. "Control theory (sociology)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_theory_(sociology)
• Wiktionary. "iron cage." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/iron+cage
• Wiktionary. "bureaucracy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bureaucracy
• Wikipedia. "Bureaucracy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureaucracy
• Wikipedia. "Bureaucracy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureaucracy
• Wikipedia. "Scientific management." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_management#Taylor.27s_view_of_workers
• Wiktionary. "Taylorism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Taylorism
• Wikipedia. "Weber's bureaucracy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber's%20bureaucracy
• Wikipedia. "Henri Fayol and the Administrative theory." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Fayol_and_the_Administrative_theory
• Wikipedia. "Fayolism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayolism
• Wikipedia. "Top-down perspective." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-down%20perspective
• Wikipedia. "Scalar chains." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%20chains
• Wiktionary. "top-down." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/top-down
• Wikipedia. "Fayolism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayolism
• Wikipedia. "FAYOL." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAYOL
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Organizational Theory
• Wikipedia. "Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Sr.." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bunker_Gilbreth,_Sr.
• Wiktionary. "Taylorism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Taylorism
• Wikipedia. "Scientific Management." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific%20Management
• Wikipedia. "Motion Study." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20Study
• Wikipedia. "Time studies." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20studies
• Wikipedia. "Scientific management." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_management
• Wikipedia. "Time and motion studies." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_and_motion_studies
• Wikipedia. "Scientific management." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_management
• Wikipedia. "Time and motion studies." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_and_motion_studies
• Wikipedia. "Scientific management." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_management
• Wikipedia. "Time and motion studies." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_and_motion_studies
• Wikipedia. "Organizational theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_theory#Neoclassical_Perspective
• Wikipedia. "Henri Fayol." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Fayol
• Wikipedia. "Micro-managing." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-managing
• Wikipedia. "Psycho-social factors." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycho-social%20factors
• Wikipedia. "Organizational theory." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_theory
• Wikipedia. "Scientific management." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_management
• Wikipedia. "Theory X and theory Y." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_X_and_theory_Y
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