SPORT PILOT FLIGHT
INSTRUCTION
SPORT PILOT
Presented to: Flight Instructors
By: The FAA Safety Team
Date: FY 2012
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OBJECTIVE
This presentation will familiarize Flight Instructors with Light Sport Aircraft
and Light Sport Pilots.
Upon completion, participants will have knowledge of this subject and
directions to rules and other sources of important information.
Light Sport Aviation is growing and it is essential that the nation’s certified
flight instructors and other aviation professionals become involved.
Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team
FY 2012
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SPORT PILOT OVERVIEW
In September 2004, the FAA enacted the final rule establishing the Light Sport
Category of aircraft and the Sport Pilot Certificate.
This rule inaugurated a new realm of aviation to bring flying to a wider group
of participants and establish safety standards at an acceptable level.
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Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team
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AIRCRAFT CATEGORY AND CLASS OF LSA
AIRPLANE LAND+SEA
GYROPLANE
POWERED PARACHUTE
GLIDER
WEIGHT-SHIFT CONTROL
LAND+SEA (“TRIKES”)
BALLOON + AIRSHIP
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Image from: “A CFI’s Guide To Sport Pilot and Light Sport Aircraft.”
– Produced for NAFI by Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc (ASA), 2010.
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LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION
SPECIAL LIGHT SPORT (S-LSA) AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATES (14 CFR 21.190)
• Factory built and “Ready To Fly”.
• Manufactured to consensus standards.
• See 14 CFR 91.327 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements.
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LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION
EXPERIMENTAL LIGHT SPORT E-LSA (14 CFR 21.191i)
• Built from qualified E-LSA Kit.
• Built in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
• See 14 CFR 91.319 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements.
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LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION
STANDARD CATEGORY AIRCRAFT
• Type certificated aircraft that meet the definition of Light Sport (14 CFR 1).
• Examples include Piper J-3, Ercoupe 415-C, Aeronca 7-AC.
• EAA website link for complete listing: www.sportpilot.org/learn/aircraft.html
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LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION
EXPERIMENTAL AMATEUR BUILT (14 CFR 21.191g)
• Built by a person for education or recreation.
• At least 51% of assembly / construction by the private builder.
• May be eligible for LSA operation if: (meets definition Light Sport 14 CFR 1).
• See 14 CFR 91.319 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements.
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TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA?
ERCOUPE 415-C
STANDARD DATA:
Seats 2.
Gross wt. 1,260. Empty wt. 749.
Fuel capacity 14.
Engine 75 HP flat-4.
PERFORMANCE:
Top speed 96 kts. Cruise 83 kts.
Stall 42 kts.
Initial climb rate 550.
Ceiling 13,000. Range 261 nm.
ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION:
What is VH in this aircraft?
What endorsement is required?
OK to fly all other LSA aircraft?
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§ Part 1.1
§ 61.321
§ 61.303
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TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA?
CESSNA 150
STANDARD DATA:
Seats 2.
Gross wt. 1,600. Empty wt. 1060.
Fuel capacity 26.
Engine 100 HP Continental.
PERFORMANCE:
Top speed 106 kts. Cruise 85 kts.
Stall 42 kts.
Initial climb rate 670.
Ceiling 12,650. Range 303 nm.
§ Part 1.1
§ 61.321
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TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA?
PIPER J-3 ON FLOATS
STANDARD DATA:
Seats 2.
Gross wt. 1,220. Empty wt. 680.
Fuel capacity 9.
Engine 65 HP Continental.
PERFORMANCE:
Top speed 76 kts. Cruise 65 kts.
Stall 33 kts.
Initial climb rate 450.
Ceiling 11,500. Range 191 nm.
§ Part 1.1
§ 61.321
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WHO CAN FLY UNDER THE
SPORT PILOT RULE?
Pilots holding Sport Pilot Certificates.
Pilots with Recreation or higher level
privileges.
Requirements are found in 14 CFR
61 Subpart J.
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MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER SPORT PILOT RULE
See 14 CFR 61.303 for specific
requirements.
No medical certification
requirements for gliders or balloons.
For other aircraft, a valid US Drivers
License.
Not know or have reason to know of
a medical condition that would make
the pilot unable to operate the LSA
in a safe manner.
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CONDITIONS RELATED TO
PREVIOUS FAA MEDICAL
CERTIFICATION
If the pilot previously applied for an
FAA Medical, he / she must have
been eligible for issuance on their
most recent application.
Must not have had their most
recent FAA medical denied,
suspended or revoked.
Must not have had their most
recent Special Issuance/Medical
Certificate withdrawn.
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MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER SPORT PILOT RULE
Eligibility, Knowledge, and Flight
Proficiency.
Aeronautical Experience.
Endorsements.
Privileges and Limits.
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SPORT PILOT vs PRIVATE PILOT:
HOURS FOR INITIAL CERTIFICATION
SPORT PILOT vs
PRIVATE PILOT - INITIAL HOURS REQUIRED
40
40
35
30
Hours
25
20
20
15
20
15
10
3
10
2
5
5
5
3
3
1
0
0
Solo Cross
Country
Night Flight
Instrument
Training
3
3
0
Total Flight
Time
Dual
Dual Cross
Country
Solo
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Flight Test
Prep
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PRIVATE vs SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: WEATHER
DAY
NIGHT
IFR
(Instrument Rated)
VFR
VFR
VFR
(greater than 3mi vis)
(less than 3mi vis)
(above clouds)
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PRIVATE vs SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: AIRSPACE
CLASS A
CLASS B, C, D
(Instrument Rated)
(Sport needs endorsement)
CLASS E, G
ABOVE 10,000 MSL
(Sport ok if 2,000’ AGL or
less)
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SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: TYPE OF FLIGHTS
Watch This!
PASSENGERS
SALES DEMOS
BUSINESS
CHARITABLE
CROSS COUNTRY
(Sport: only ONE)
TOWING
(UL or LSA glider)
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Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team
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WHO MAY INSTRUCT SPORT
PILOTS?
Flight Instructors holding
certificates issued under 14 CFR
Subpart H.
Sport Pilot Instructors holding
certificates issued under 14 CFR
Subpart K.
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SUBPART H FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS EXERCISING SPORT
PILOT INSTRUCTOR PRIVILEGES
Must refer to 14 CFR 61.429 for
guidance.
Must have appropriate category and
class ratings – or equivalent light
sport privileges.
Must be acting as a light sport
instructor while exercising these
privileges.
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CAN A LIGHT SPORT
INSTRUCTOR CONDUCT A
PROFICIENCY CHECK?
YES! A Light Sport Instructor can
conduct a proficiency check for
additional category or class
privilege at the Light Sport level
(see 14 CFR 61.321).
The instruction and check flight
must be performed by separate
instructors.
The instructor who conducts the
check must submit documentation
to the FAA.
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WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW
V
H
AND SPORT PILOT ENDORSEMENTS
• VH = Maximum speed in level flight at maximum continuous power.
• This V speed is important for Sport Pilot endorsement §61.327:
• Aircraft VH less than 87kts CAS
• Aircraft VH greater than 87kts CAS
• Remember: initial sport pilot certificate requires fewer hours! When a sport pilot requests more
privileges or flying other LSA makes/models, more training & individual endorsements are required
• A CFI may not conduct instruction in an experimental aircraft that he or she provides unless a
letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a FSDO.
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WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW
Letter of Deviation Authorization
14 CFR Part 91.319 states that:
“(a) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate-
(1) For other than the purpose for which the certificate was issued; or
(2) Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire."
The FAA recognizes the value of specialized flight training that may only be
available in aircraft holding experimental certificates.
The FAA may issue a LODA to permit the conduct of training that can only be
accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. 14 CFR Part 91.319(h)
allows
A CFI may not conduct instruction in an experimental aircraft that he or she
provides unless a letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a
FSDO.
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Letter of Deviation Authorization
The FAA may issue a LODA to permit the conduct of training that can only be
accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates.
The FAA may issue training deviations to permit the conduct of training that can
only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. Flight training
considered acceptable for the issuance of a LODA consists of:
• Flight training for the operation of a specific make and model of experimental
aircraft.
• Training for the operation of ultralight vehicles only when conducted in low-mass,
high-drag aircraft with an empty weight less than 500 pounds and a max speed in
level flight with max continuous power (VH) less than 87 knots.
• Jet unusual attitude and upset training.
• Instrument competency training for specific make and model of experimental
aircraft.
•Training for a flight review in a specific make and model of aircraft.
•Training for a rotorcraft gyroplane rating or certificate.
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Letter of Deviation Authorization
Additional training allowed:
• Formation training for a specific make and model of experimental aircraft.
• Flight training leading toward the issuance of a Sport Pilot Certificate or LSA
operating privilege is to be conducted in an aircraft issued an experimental
certificate under 21.191(i)(1).
NOTE: A LODA should only be issued if an aircraft with other than an
experimental certificate under 21.191(i)(1) is not available for the conduct
of this training in the Flight Standard District Office’s (FSDO) geographic
area. The aircraft to be used to provide Sport Pilot training must have been
owned by the person providing the training prior to January 31, 2010 and that
person must have been appropriately certificated or otherwise authorized to
provide that training prior to January 31, 2010. LODAs for persons conducting
this training will have a maximum duration of 24 months and will be limited to the
geographic area of the FSDO’s responsibility. FSDOs may terminate a LODA for
sport pilot training at its discretion.
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Letter of Deviation Authorization
Training NOT authorized:
• Tailwheel airplane endorsements
• Complex Airplane endorsements
• High-performance endorsements
• Operating Pressurized aircraft at high altitudes.
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Letter of Deviation Authorization
Requirements to obtain a LODA in order to conduct flight training in an
experimental aircraft that person provides for compensation or hire must:
• Submit an application package to the FSDO in the district in which training will
take place which must include:
• Letter identifying the name and address of the applicant
• Name and contact information of the person responsible for the operation
• Details of the type of training
• Specific aircraft make(s) and model(s) to be used
• Copies of each aircraft’s airworthiness certificate and FAA-issued
operating limitations
• A training program with enough detail to determine that the proposed
training will meet the intended objectives.
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WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW
S P O R T P I L O T T R A I N I N G S I M I L A R T O P R I VAT E
• Meet minimum eligibility requirements (61.305)
• Receive appropriate training for ground and flight (61.309, 61.311)
• Take the knowledge test (61.307)
• Complete the required hours for flight and instruction (61.313)
• Have proper endorsements and submit application
• Take the practical test based upon the Sport Pilot PTS (FAA-s-8081-29)
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WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW
A FLIGHT REVIEW IS STILL A FLIGHT REVIEW
• AC 61-98 / 61.56 still apply
• Stick and rudder skills or tailwheel endorsement
• Crosswind practice and steeper approach profiles
• Stall characteristics and aerodynamics
• Use the flight review to assist in adding a new privilege
•The ASF-610 website offers guidance for proficiency checks:
http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600/afs610/
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Transition Training for Pilots…
…is Very Important
152 “Heavy”
“At our airport 100% of all the general aviationtrained pilots who have attempted to fly light sport
aircraft without transitional training have damaged
their aircraft. “
-Carol and Brian Carpenter
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Transition Training for Pilots
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LSA FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS MAY DIFFER
These aircraft may require a significant amount of hours retraining,
especially if a pilot hasn’t flown in many years or is unfamiliar with aircraft
characteristics.
Descent profiles, stall and spin awareness & recovery, crosswind landings,
slower speeds (VH), and weight / balance should be familiar to the instructor
before launching out with a student.
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ACCIDENT DATA FOR LIGHT SPORT
• NTSB provides statistics for Amateur Built but not Light Sport
• It is probable that some Light Sport accidents are included in this data
• 2010 US General Aviation accidents: 1093 total 193 fatal (17%)
• 2010 US Amateur Built accidents: 208 total 55 fatal (26%)
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FAR PART 61
Sport Pilot Certificate – Part 61 Subpart J
Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Certificate – Part 61 Subpart K
FAA WEBSITES (FAA.GOV, ASF-610, and FAA Safety.GOV)
http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/gen_av/light_sport/
http://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/airmen_certification/sport_pilot/
http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600/afs610/
http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/gen_av/light_sport/media/ExistingModels.pdf
http://faasafety.gov/gslac/onlineresources.aspx?masterId=3
FAA Safety.gov/Resources/Online Resources/Type of Operations…162 links to Sport Pilot!
AOPA
http://www.aopa.org/sportpilot/
http://www.aopa.org/asf/publications/sport_pilot_check.html
NAFI and EAA
http://faaflighttest.us/cfisportguide.pdf
http://www.nafinet.org/news.aspx?id=7
EAA
http://www.sportpilot.org/
Many other great resources exist, but the LSA and Sport Pilot community needs more CFI’s and DPE’s
to support the growing industry…get involved and instruct in Sport!
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1. What are the medical requirements for a
person exercising Sport Pilot privileges?
a) Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67
or a valid U.S. driver’s license.
b) A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical
certificate or a driver’s license.
c) A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or
have reason to know of a medical condition that would make
that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe
manner.
d) All of the above.
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1. What are the medical requirements for a
person exercising Sport Pilot privileges?
a) Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67
or a valid U.S. driver’s license.
b) A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical
certificate or a driver’s license.
c) A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or
have reason to know of a medical condition that would make
that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe
manner.
d) All of the above. 14 CFR 61.23
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2. True or False:
A light Sport Aircraft can have a maximum
takeoff weight of 1480 lbs?
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2. True or False:
A light Sport Aircraft can have a maximum
takeoff weight of 1480 lbs?
FALSE
14 CFR Part 1: 1320 lbs land use;1430 lbs water use
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3. A pilot holding a recreational pilot certificate
or above may exercise light sport privileges…
a) In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on
his/her pilot certificate.
b) Only in a light sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that meets
the light sport aircraft rule.
c) Only with a CFI endorsement.
d) In a light sport aircraft under day or night because the higher
level of pilot certification allowed those privileges.
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3. A pilot holding a recreational pilot certificate or
above may exercise light sport privileges…
a)In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on his/her
pilot certificate.
b)Only in a light sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that
meets the light sport aircraft rule. 14 CFR 61.303(a)
c)Only with a CFI endorsement.
d)In a light sport aircraft under day or night because the higher
level of pilot certification allowed those privileges.
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4. True or False:
A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an
additional category and class endorsement for a
sport pilot?
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4. True or False:
A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an
additional category and class endorsement for a
sport pilot?
TRUE
14 CFR 61.321 … A CFI may conduct a proficiency
check and issue an endorsement for those privileges
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5. A 14 CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a
light sport aircraft…
a) Must have an endorsement in a light sport aircraft.
b) Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light
sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used.
c) Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft.
d) Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations.
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5. A 14 CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a
light sport aircraft…
a)Must have an endorsement in a light sport aircraft.
b)Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light
sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used.
c)Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft.
d)Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations.
14 CFR 61.415 (i) (1)
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