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1. Umumnya berupa zat padat, kristal putih/tidak berwarna dan rasanya sedikit pahit
2. Tidak larut dalam air (bentuk keto) tapi mudah larut dalam CHCl
3
, eter dan lain-lain
3. Bereaksi asam lemah dan dapat membentuk garam yang larut dalam air, misalnya dengan NaOH dan KOH
4. Larutan garam Na/K dalam air tidak stabil dalam pemanasan

KLASIFIKASI
Ultra short acting
Short acting
Long acting
LAMA KERJA (Jam)
3 – 4
4 - 10
8 - 24
CONTOH
Tiopental
Pentobarbital
Fenobarbital, barbital

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• Pemerian : A white or almost white, crystalline powder or colourless crystals
• Kelarutan : very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol. It forms water-soluble compounds with alkali hydroxides and carbonates and with ammonia.

Reaksi Pendahuluan
4

Reaksi Penegasan
• Reaksi zwikker (zat dalam larutan methanol/etanol + pereaksi zwikker akan terbentuk warna violet
• Zat + air + larutan AgNO
3 terbentuk warna putih
• Zat + Merkurium Nitrat terbentuk warna hitam
• Zat + H
2
SO
4 pekat + α naftol terbentuk warna ungu
• Zat + Formalin + H
2
SO
4 pekat terbentuk warna merah
Reaksi Kristal
• Sampel + aseton + air
• Sampel + Fe Complex
• Sampel + Cu Complex

A. Determine the melting point of the substance to be examined. Mix equal parts of the substance to be examined and phenobarbital CRS and determine the melting point of the mixture. The difference between the melting points (which are about 176 °C) is notgreater than 2 °C.
B.
Examine by infrared absorption spectrophotometry comparing with the spectrum obtained with phenobarbital CRS.
C.
Examine by thin-layer chromatography, using silica gel GF254 R as the coating substance.
• Test solution : Dissolve 0.1 g of the substance to be examined in alcohol
R and dilute to 100 ml with the same solvent.
• Reference solution : Dissolve 0.1 g of phenobarbital CRS in alcohol R and dilute to 100 ml with the same solvent.
• Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each solution. Develop over a path of 18 cm using the lower layer of a mixture of 5 volumes of
concentrated ammonia R, 15 volumes of alcohol R and 80 volumes of
chloroform R. Examine immediately in ultraviolet light at 254 nm. The principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution is similar in position and size to the principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

• Pemerian :
A white or almost white, crystalline powder or colourless crystals
• Kelarutan : slightly soluble in water, soluble in boiling water and in alcohol. It forms water-soluble compounds with alkali hydroxides and carbonates and with ammonia.

A. Determine the melting point of the substance to be examined. Mix equal parts of the substance to be examined and barbital CRS and determine the melting point of the mixture. The difference between the melting points (which are about
190 °C) is not greater than 2 °C.
B. Examine by infrared absorption spectrophotometry comparing with the spectrum obtained with barbital CRS.

C.
Examine by thin-layer chromatography using silica gel GF254 R as the coating substance.
• Test solution : Dissolve 75 mg of the substance to be examined in
alcohol R and dilute to 25 ml with the same solvent.
• Reference solution : Dissolve 75 mg of barbital CRS in alcohol R and dilute to 25 ml with the same solvent.
• Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each solution. Develop over a path of 18 cm using the lower layer of a mixture of 5 volumes of
concentrated ammonia R, 15 volumes of alcohol R and 80 volumes of chloroform R. Examine immediately in ultraviolet light at 254 nm.
The principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution is similar in position and size to the principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.
D. It gives the reaction of non-nitrogen substituted barbiturates

• Pemerian : A white or almost white, crystalline powder or colourless crystals
• Kelarutan : very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol. It forms water-soluble compounds with alkali hydroxides and carbonates and with ammonia.

A.
Determine the melting point of the substance to be examined. Mix equal parts of the substance to be examined and pentobarbital CRS and determine the melting point of the mixture. The difference between the melting points
(which are about 133 °C) is not greater than 2 °C.
B.
Examine by thin-layer chromatography (2.2.27), using silica gel GF254 R as the coating substance.
• Test solution : Dissolve 0.1 g of the substance to be examined in alcohol R and dilute to 100 ml with the same solvent.
• Reference solution : Dissolve 0.1 g of pentobarbital CRS in alcohol R and dilute to
100 ml with the same solvent. Apply to the plate 10 μl of each solution. Develop over a path of 18 cm using the lower layer of a mixture of 5 volumes of
concentrated ammonia R, 15 volumes of alcohol R and 80 volumes of chloroform
R.
• Examine immediately in ultraviolet light at 254 nm. The principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution is similar in position and size to the principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.
C.
To about 10 mg add about 10 mg of vanillin R and 2 ml of sulphuric acid R. Mix and heat on a water-bath for 2 min. A reddish-brown colour develops. Cool and add cautiously 5 ml of ethanol R. The colour becomes violet and then blue.

• Pemerian : A white or almost white, crystalline powder
• Kelarutan : very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol, soluble in methylene chloride.
It forms water-soluble compounds with alkali hydroxides and carbonates and with ammonia.

A. Determine the melting point of the substance to be examined. Mix equal parts of the substance to be examined and amobarbital CRS and determine the melting point of the mixture.
The difference between the melting points
(which are about 157 °C) is not greater than 2
°C.
B. Examine by infrared absorption spectrophotometry comparing with the spectrum obtained with amobarbital CRS .

C.
Examine by thin-layer chromatography, using silica gel GF254 R as the coating substance.
• Test solution : Dissolve 0.1 g of the substance to be examined in
alcohol R and dilute to 100 ml with the same solvent.
• Reference solution : Dissolve 0.1 g of amobarbital CRS in alcohol R and dilute to 100 ml with the same solvent.
• Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each solution. Develop over a path of 18 cm using the lower layer from a mixture of 5 volumes of
concentrated ammonia R, 15 volumes of alcohol R and 80 volumes of chloroform R. Examine immediately in ultraviolet light at 254 nm.
The principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution is similar in position and size to the principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.
D. It gives the reaction of non-nitrogen substituted barbiturates

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