Part I.:
*What are the five major kinds of LINES ?
*What are the two basic categories of SHAPE ?FORM?
*How does SHAPE and FORM differ?
*What are COLOR FAMILIES or GROUPS?
*What are the three properties of COLOR?
*What are the two kinds of TEXTURE?
*What is VALUE?
*How do artists show SPACE in their artworks?
Line is a point set into motion….a dot moving
through space.
There are five basic kinds of lines.These include:
Horizontal=
Vertical =
Diagonal =
Zigzag =
Curved =
When used in an artwork LINES can relate Feelings…………
VERTICAL LINES
HORIZONTAL LINES
show dignity , strength , and formality
feel calm, relaxed, and
comfortable.
DIAGONAL LINES
show action and excitement!
They can make us feel tense and
uncomfortable!
ZIGZAG LINES
can suggest action, nervous
excitement, and confusion.
CURVED LINES
express graceful, flowing
movement.
Salvador Dali
Grant Wood
Georgia O'Keefe
Piet Mondrian
Viewing the above artworks, you can see how artists incorporate
Lines into their art !
Shape is the area set off by one or more of
the art elements.
Shapes can be classified into two classes:
*Geometric shapes = precise shapes such as the circle
triangle
, rectangle, oval, and square.
,
*Organic shapes = these shapes are not regular or even…and are
Often found in nature.
In Georgia O’Keeffe’s and Piet Mondrian’s works we can
See the two basic kinds of shapes.
Form is an object with three dimensions.
In drawing, it is creating the illusion of threedimensional space on a two-dimensional
surface.
Two-dimensional
Three-dimensional
We can see in the following works how the artists relate FORM:
Michelangelo
Cassatt
Dali
vanGogh
Dali
The Basic
Primary Colors
Color Wheel
Secondary Colors
Intermediate Color
Primary Colors
• Primary colors are the original colors. These
cannot be made by mixing any other colors.
• They are the building block colors from which all
other colors originate.
• The three primary colors are:
Red
Yellow
Blue
Artists’ Use of Primary Color
Auguste Renoir
Edward Hopper
Piet Mondrian
Secondary Colors
Secondary Colors are colors created by mixing equal
amounts primary of two colors.
For example:
Red + Yellow
= Orange
Yellow + Blue = Green
Blue + Red = Violet
Artists Use of Secondary Color
Auguste Renoir
Vincent van Gogh
Intermediate Colors
Intermediate colors (also known as tertiary
colors) are colors created by mixing
a primary color with its’ neighboring
secondary color. For example:
Primary Red + Secondary Orange = Red Orange / Orange Red
Primary Blue + Secondary Violet = Blue Violet / Violet Blue
Primary Yellow + Secondary Green = Green Yellow / Yellow Green
Intermediate Colors
Intermediate
Secondary
Color
Color
Primary Color
Secondary
Intermediate
Color
Color
Warm Colors
Warm Colors are in one of the two groups of
which colors are often divided. The three main
warm colors are:
Red
Orange
Yellow
Warm colors suggest energy, action, and
normally optically advance!
Artists Use of Warm Colors
Cezanne
Rothko
Munch
Van Gogh
Cool Colors
Cool Colors are in one of the two groups of which
colors are often divided. The three main cool colors
are:
Blue
Green
Violet
Cool colors suggest calmness and peacefulness.
Optically, they tend to recede.
Artists Use of Cool Colors
Georges Seurat
Henri Matisse
Mary Cassatt
Claude Monet
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh
Analogous Colors
Analogous Colors are colors neighboring on the
color wheel having a common “hue”. Examples
would be:
Red
Blue
Yellow
Red Violet
Blue Green
Yellow Orange
Violet Red
Green Blue
Orange Yellow
Violet
Green
Orange
Violet Blue
Green yellow
Orange Red
Blue Violet
Yellow Green
Red Orange
Analogous Colors
Color Shades
The SHADE of a color is changed by adding
Black.
Color Tints
Color Tints are changed by adding white. The
exception to this would be by watercolorists who add water!
Texture is how something feels or looks like
it feels.We experience texture thru our senses
of sight and touch
There are three basic kinds of Textures. These are:
*Natural or actual…
Is what you experience when you actually touch an object.
Porcupines would be sharp..feathers could be soft.
*Artificial = Man made …like rope, yarn, netting
*Simulated = Man made to look like it has a texture.
In these works, we can see how the artist relates Textures….
Claude Monet
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh
Value is the lightness or darkness of
A hue. To change the value of a color
You add white (or water in watercolors)
to change its TINT and Black to change
its shade.
Monochromatic means the same thing..
Space is the distance or area between,
around, below, and within things.
*There are two basic kinds of Space : positive and negative.
Positive space is the object itself;
Negative space is the area in and around the object.
Look at these images by
Mary Cassatt and distinguish
between the positive space
and the negative space!
Space……………………
Artists use various technique to give the illusion of DEPTH in their
works of art. Some of these include :
1.= Overlapping
2.= Size
3.= Focus
4.= Placement
5.= Intensity and Value
6.= Linear Perspective
Lets take a look at some of these……………..
Space……………
1.OVERLAPPING is when the artist has one shape in
front of the other.
In this image by Mary Cassatt, the girl in the foreground is
“overlapping” the girl looking thru the binoculars.
SPACE………………………………
SIZE = is making distant shapes smaller than closer ones.
Monet’s boats in the background are smaller than the ones in the foreground
FOCUS = Artists add more detail to objects in the foreground,
less detail to objects in the background.
Vincent van Gogh’s Irises are more distinct in the foreground than the background.
Space…………………..
PLACEMENT: Artists also show space by placing distant objects
Higher up on the picture (background) and closer ones lower down on the
picture ( middle ground and foreground).
Background
Middle ground
Foreground
We also must take into consideration that WARM colors ADVANCE
While COOL colors RECEDE.
SPACE…..
In this image by John Constable, we can see that objects farther away
Appear higher than those closer to us.
Space…………….
Intensity and Value:
Artists often used colors lower in intensity and lighter in value for
objects in the distance.
In this artwork by Monet, we can see how the color becomes less
Intense and lighter in value.
Space…………
Linear Perspective =
An artist uses slanted lines
on buildings and other objects so that they
appear to come together in the distance.
We can see in the following works how linear perspective draws
The viewer into the artwork.
Claude Monet
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh
Claude Monet
Part II.
What are PRINCIPLES OF ART?
*What does using EMPHASIS enable the artist to do?
*What is RHYTHM/PATTERN / REPETITION and what two
ways do artists use it in their artworks?
*What are the three basic kinds of BALANCE?
*What is CONTRAST and how do artists use this in their
works of art?
*What is UNITY and how does it create a whole picture?
*Why is PROPORTION in an artwork important?
*How is MOVEMENT like a tour guide?
The Principles of Art are basically rules or guidelines that
govern the way in which the Art Elements go together.
These include:
*EMPHASIS
*PATTERN/RHYTHM
*BALANCE
*CONTRAST/VARIETY
*HARMONY
*UNITY
*PROPORTION
*MOVEMENT
Lets take a look at these individually…………….
EMPHASIS is used by an artist to make
an element or object stand out in a work
of art.
EMPHASIS is used by the artist to control
What part of the artwork the viewer sees
most or most often.
EMPHASIS is also used by the artist to
control how long a viewer spends looking
at each of the different parts.
Emphasis:
To make an element or object in a work of art stand
Out…..artists use emphasis.
Emphasi
s
=
Emphasis of size
Van Gogh
Emphasis = Emphasis of color
Salvador Dali
Emphasis of line
Grant Wood
BALANCE in an artwork, it the
arrangement of art elements so that
no one part of a work overpowers, or
seems heavier than, any other part.
There are three basic types of balance.These are:
*Symmetrical or Formal Balance
*Asymmetrical or Informal Balance
*Radial Balance
Symmetrical or Formal Balance is created when one
half of a work of art mirrors the other half..
Symmetrical or Formal Balance is predictable,
thus, sometimes less interesting.
Leonardo da Vinci
Claude Monet
Georgia O’Keeffe
Asymmetrical or Informal Balance is evident when
two unlike objects appear to have equal weight.
When used skillfully, it can create more interesting
compositions.
Vincent van Gogh
Mary Cassatt
Radial Balance in an artwork occurs when the
elements or objects are positioned around a
central point.
HARMONY

Is created by using
pleasing combinations of
the art elements such as
line, shape, form, color,
texture, space and
value.
CONTRAST/VARIETY in an artwork is
created-when
the artist makes a difference in value,
color,texture,shape,line,form,or space.
Color Contrast
by Monet
Value Contrast
by Durer
Texture Contrast
by OKeeffe
Contrast/Variety
Form Contrast
by Marat
Line Contrast
By Van Gogh
Space Contrast
by Monet
MOVEMENT in a work of art directs the viewer
through the art piece –often to the focal area.It
also encourages the viewer to sense action
within the work.
Van Gogh
V
Van Gogh
Van Gogh
Pattern / Repetition /Rhythm is the repeating
of shapes, lines, color, or other art
elements in planned or random order to create
interest or make the artwork more exciting.
Vincent van Gogh
Mary Cassatt
Andy Warhol
In art, PROPORTION is the size of objects
and how they relate to each other and to the
whole.
Grant Wood
Mary Cassatt
Mary Cassatt
UNITY

All parts of the artwork work together to
create the whole piece, without
distractions