Chapter 10 Section 3
-The framers of the Constitution had not
expected the development of political
parties.
-Political parties-organized groups of people
with similar ideas about government
-By the early 1790’s, two political parties
were fighting for control of the nation’s
government. They were called the
Republicans and Federalists.
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LeadersAlexander Hamilton
John Adams
Regions of SupportStrongest in northern
towns and coastal
south
Federalists
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LeadersThomas Jefferson
James Madison
Regions of SupportStrongest in northern
farming areas and
southern and western
backcountry
Republicans
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Beliefsrule by wealthy &
educated people
Strong national gov’t
Loose construction
Limit states’ rights
Laws to help business
High tariffs
Powerful national bank
Pro-British
Federalists
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BeliefsRule by common
people
Weak national gov’t
Strict construction
Protect states’ rights
Laws to help farmers
Low tariffs
No national bank
Pro-French
Republicans
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In the election of 1796, Adams won the
presidency by three electoral votes. Jefferson
came in second, which made him VicePresident. The nation was in a difficult
situation. Its two top leaders belonged to
different political parties.
John Adams-PRESIDENT- FEDERALIST
Thomas Jefferson-VICE PRESIDENTREPUBLICAN
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As the war between France and Britain
ensued, Adams found it hard to continue a
policy of neutrality.
After French attacks on American ships,
Adams sent diplomats to France.
In the “XYZ Affair”, the French demanded
bribes. Americans responded with a half-war
with France.
A “half- war” is an undeclared war.
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Republicans harshly criticized the Federalists.
In response, Federalists in Congress passed
the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Alien Acts
gave the President power to jail or deport
aliens if they were troublesome and
suspected to be spies. The Sedition Act
banned the writing or speech that stirred up
hatred against Congress or the President.
Aliens-foreigners who are not yet citizens
Sedition-actions that may cause people to
rebel against government
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Republicans feared tyranny by the federal
government due to the Federalists passing
the Alien and Sedition Acts. Jefferson and
Madison turned to States to protect people’s
freedoms.
The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
charged that the Alien and Sedition Acts were
unconstitutional. The Kentucky Resolution
also argued that states have the right to
nullify an unconstitutional law.
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The election laws of 1800 resulted in a tie
between Republicans Thomas Jefferson and
Aaron Burr. It was up to the House of
Representatives to decide.
The Federalists wanted to embarrass
Jefferson, so the Federalists voted for Burr.
For 6 days and 35 ballots the tie continued.
Finally , Alexander Hamilton broke the tie by
throwing his support to Jefferson. Hamilton
said of the two candidates, Jefferson was “not
so dangerous a man”.
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Thomas Jefferson –Republican -3rd President
Aaron Burr-Republican-Vice President
In 1804, the 12th amendment was added to
the Constitution to prevent a presidential tie
again. Electors now vote separately for
President and V.P.
On July 11, 1804 Aaron Burr(V.P.) and
Alexander Hamilton(former sec. of Treasury)
duel in Weehawken, N.J. Hamilton was fatally
injured in the duel by a shot from Burr’s
pistol. Hamilton died the next day.