Listening
Seven laws to better
listening
• Spend more time listening
• Find interest in the other person
• Stay out of the way
• Listen to what people mean between
the lines
• Make notes
• Assume the proper stance
• Be aware of your filters
•
We spend more time listening
than reading, writing, and speaking.
•
Hearing is a physiological process
that occurs when you’re in the
vicinity of vibration. It is basically a
passive process occurs without any
attention or effort on your part.
• Listening involves 5 steps:
• Receiving – hearing and attending
• Understanding – learning and
deciphering meaning
• Remembering- recalling and
retaining
• Evaluating- judging and criticizing
• Responding- answering and giving
feedback
I. The Listening Process(
Responding
(backchanneling
cues or
feedback)
Evaluating
(pos. or neg.)
Receiving (stimuli)
Understanding
(assign
meaning)
Remembering
(reconstructive)
II. Listening, Culture,
Gender
A.
•
•
•
Culture Effects:
Speech
Nonverbal
Behaviors
• Direct and Indirect Styles
• Credibility
• Feedback
B. Gender & Listening
III.Styles of Effective
Listening
A. Participatory and
Passive
Passive listening – listening that is
attentive and supportive but
occurs without talking and without
directing the speaker in any
nonverbal way. Also used
negatively to refer to inattentive
an uninvolved listening.
B. Empathic and
Objective
• Empathic listening – listening that
warrants that you feel and see what
speaker feels and sees.
• Objective Listening- the ability to
gather information beyond what you
see and hear.
• Non-judgmental listening-and
listening with an open mind.
• Critical listening- listening to
evaluate the quality, value,
appropriateness and importance
of what you hear.
STYLES,CONT’D
• PEOPLE ORIENTED
– THEY EXPRESS FEELINGS & EMOTIONS
– ARE HIGHLY EMPATHETIC
– SEEK COMMON GROUND
• ACTION ORIENTED
– INFORMATION WELL ORGANIZED
– EVIDENCE
• CONTENT ORIENTED
– PREFER COMPLEX INFORMATION
– DETAILS
– MAKE GOOD LAWYERS/JUDGES
• TIME ORIENTED
– SUCCINCT MESSAGES
– BRIEF
IV. Active Listening = is a
skill that produces
therapeutic effects
+
A. Purposes of Active
Listening
1.
2.
Increases Accuracy
Validation of Others
Feelings
3. Prompts the Speaker
to Explore Their Own
Thoughts & Feelings
B. Techniques
1. Paraphrase Speaker’s
Meaning
2. Express Understanding
of Speaker’s
Feelings
3. Ask Questions
FIRST SPEECH
ASSIGNMENT
• Introduction Speech
• Time Limit: 2-3 min
• Notes Allowed: 1 side of 1 3x5 index card
•
•
•
•
Outline: None
Visual Aids: Optional
Sources: Yourself
Express yourself! Who are you? What are
your likes and dislikes? You have two
minutes to introduce yourself to the class.
What are the important details of your life
that you would like to share?
Types Speeches
• Informative
Speech
– Provides the
audience with
new
information,
insight, ways of
thinking about a
topic
• Persuasive
– Intended to
influence the
attitudes,
beliefs, values,
or acts of others
Ceremonial
Speeches
• Introduction- speech designed to
pave the way for the main speaker
2-3min
• Presentation- Speech that present an
award, a prize or a gift to an
individual or a group 3-5 min
• Acceptance- a response to a
presentation 1-2 min
• Welcoming- speech that expresses
pleasure for the presence of a person or
an organization 2-3 min
• Tribute- speech that praises someone’s
accomplishments 4-6 min
– Roasts & Toasts
– Eulogies
Speeches of Inspiration
• Commencement address- a speech
presented by a major political, business,
or a social figure, or a prominent alumnus,
• Keynote address- a speech
presented near the beginning of an
organization’s conference or
convention that is designed to inspire
participants in their work
• Commemorative address- speeches
that are presented to celebrate
national holidays or anniversaries of
important dates and events
Special Occasion Speech
Assignment
• Choose any type of special
occasion speech that you would
like to present
• Time 2-3 minutes
• Outline: Required
• Notes: 1 side of 1 3x5 index card
Speaking with
Confidence
FEAR
• HUMILIATION
• NOT BEING PREPARED
• ONE’S LOOKS
• PRESSURE TO PERFORM
• PERSONAL INSECURITY
• AUDIENCE’S INTEREST
• LACK OF EXPERIENCE
• MAKING MISTAKES
• FAILURE
• Nervous- a state of fear or
anxiety about public speaking
interaction
• Cognitive nervousness- thinking
about how nervous you are likely
to be
• Behavioral nervousnessphysically displaying
characteristics of nervousness
• YOU ARE GOING TO FEEL MORE
NERVOUS THAN YOU LOOK
• ALMOST EVERY SPEAKER
EXPERIENCE SOME DEGREE OF
NERVOUSNESS
• ANXIETY CAN BE USEFUL
BUILD YOUR CONFIDENCE
• DO NOT PROCRASTINATE
• KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE
• APPROPRIATE TOPIC
• BE PREPARED
• BE WELL ORGANIZED
• KNOW YOUR INTRODUCTION AND
CONCLUSION
• RE-CREATE THE ENVIRONMENT
• USE DEEP BREATHING TECNIQUES
• CHANNEL YOUR NERVOUS ENERGY
• VISULAIZE SUCCESS
• GIVE YOURSELF A MENTAL PEP TALK
• FOCUS ON YOUR MESSAGE RATHER
THAN YOUR FEAR
• LOOK FOR A POSITIVE LISTENER
• SEEK SPEAKING OPPORTUNITIES
• AFTER THE SPEECH FOCUS ON YOUR
ACCOMPLISHMENT
YOUR FIRST SPEECH
• Speech goal- what you want your
listeners to know, believe, or do
• General goal- the type of speech you
are intending to give- informing, or
persuading
• Specific goal- a complete sentence
that specifies the exact response the
speaker wants from the audience
• Speech material- the factual,
humorous, exciting, or interesting
information that you have gathered
to present in your speech
• Chronological organization- following
an order that moves from first to last
• Topical organization- following the
order of headings
• Adaptation- relating a speech to the
audience interests and needs
• Visual Aids- they help clarify,
emphasize, or dramatize the verbal
information
• Language- ideas communicated
through verbal and nonverbal means
• Delivery- how you effectively use
your voice and gestures while giving
a speech
Effective speech plan
• Determine a goal
• Gather information
• Organize information
• Develop a strategy
• Create visual aids
• Practice wording
• Practice delivery