SKELETAL SYSTEM
SKELETON, BONES, JOINTS,
& CONNECTIVE TISSUES
FUNCTIONS, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY,
SYSTEM CARE, INJURIES & ILLNESSES
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON
1.provides framework on which muscles can act.
2.supports and protects vital internal organs.
AXIAL vs. APPENDICULAR
Appendicular Skeleton:
Axial Skeleton:
FUNCTIONS OF THE BONE
1. principal storage center for essential body
minerals i.e. calcium and phosphorus
2. manufactures body’s blood cells
BONE STRUCTURE
TYPES OF BONES
What do they do?
LONGSHORTIRREGULARFLAT-
TYPES OF BONES
Where are they found?
LONG BONES
Found in:
Arms-
LegsHandsFeet-
IRREGULAR BONES
Found in:
MouthSpine-
SHORT BONES
Found in:
WristsAnklesDigitsTail Bone-
FLAT BONES
Found in:
Cranium-
ThoraxPelvic Girdle-
CARE OF OUR SKELETAL SYSTEM
PROBLEMS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Result from Poor Nutrition, Infection, Sport/
Recreational Mishap, Accidents, and/or Poor
Posture.
INJURIES
FRACTURES
DISLOCATIONS
CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURES
Fracture: Any Kind of Break in the Bone
OPEN Fracture
a.k.a. COMPOUND
-> causes a break
in the skin
CLOSED Fracture
a.k.a. SIMPLE
->does not break
through the skin
-> can cause
deformation in the
area of the break
TYPES OF FRACTURES
HAIRLINE:
Always Simple,
Break is Incomplete,
Two parts of bone do not separate.
TRANSVERSE:
Can be Simple or Compound,
Break is completely through the bone,
Can result from sharp blow or stress
COMMINUTED:
Usually Compound; although it can be closed
Bone breaks into more than two pieces
Commonly results from severe force
ILLNESSES
Degenerative Disease: A breakdown of health over a period of time, a gradual
progression of illness.
OSTEOPOROSIS
*Degenerative in Nature
*Loss of bone mass as a result
of the aging process.
*A condition in which bone density
decreases causing bones to
become brittle & easily fractured.
*Women affected often hunch forward.
*Can be prevented by eating healthy
diet high in Calcium
*There is no cure.
SCOLIOSIS
*Lateral curvature of the Spine
*Affects adolescents & pre-teens
during growth spurts.
*Cause is usually unknown (idiopathic)
*Can be exacerbated by poor posture,
back alignment issues, wearing
bookbag over same shoulder repeatedly
*Good idea to eat diet high in Calcium.
*Treatment depends on Severity: from
Exercises to back brace to surgery.
JOINTS
Where two or more bones come together.
Functions, Classifications, Types,
Injuries & Illnesses
FUNCTIONS OF THE JOINTS
Provides protection to Vital Organs (fixed).
Provides movement to the skeleton (mobile).
Allows functionality to the body (mobile).
CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
FIXED: Immobile; does not bend or allow
movement; two or more bones fused together
for organ protection
MOBILE: Movable; bones, cartilage, ligaments,
tendons, nerves & blood vessels are all present
TYPES OF JOINTS
Ball & Socket
Joint
Hinge Joint
Two directional:
Open & Closed
Allows widest range
of movement:
Backward, Forward,
Sideways, Circular
Pivot Joint
Two directional:
Left/ Right
-orUp/ Down
Can work together
for circular motion
Elipsoidal Joint
Many bones working
together to allow all
movement except
pivotal/ upside-down
INJURIES TO THE JOINTS
DISLOCATION:
*When bone slips out from its normal position at a joint
*Not only affects bones involved, but also can injure cartilage & ligaments
*Treatment includes visiting physician immediately or an ER Visit
replacing bones into proper position at the joint (popping it into place)
immobilization of bones & muscles surrounding injured joint
SUBLUXATION:
*Partial Dislocation
*Not only affects bones involved, but also can injure cartilage & ligaments
*Treatment includes visiting physician immediately or an ER Visit
replacing bones into proper position at the joint (popping it into place)
immobilization of bones & muscles surrounding injured joint
TORN CARTILAGE:
*Results from sharp blow or severe twisting of joint
*Treatment includes visiting physician or a visit to the ER
arthroscopic surgery is most common way to repair torn cartilage
ILLNESSES TO THE JOINTS
ARTHRITIS:
Inflammation of a joint resulting from wear & tear on the joints
Characterized by pain, swelling, stiffness, & redness
Most common in older adults
No Cure; although treatment of symptoms is available.
BUNIONS:
Inflammation of a joint caused from ill fitting shoes
Characterized by pain, swelling, stiffness & redness where the
big toe meets the ball of the foot; can displace alignment of the toe
Can affect people at any age.
Surgical procedures can remove bunion and repair toes alignment.
SKELETAL SYSTEM REVIEW
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What is the Importance of Skeletal System?
What is the Importance of Bones?
What does the bone do?
How does the bone grow?
How does a bone harden/ repair itself?
What are the parts of the bone?
What are the types of bone?
Where does one find each type of bone?
Three key ways to take care of the skeletal system.
What body parts are found in a joint?
If one breaks their bone, what can one determine by looking at the injured area?
What does the victim of a broken bone need to rely on an x-ray for?
What are the types of fractures?
What are the classifications of joints?
What is each type of joint do?/ Why is each important?
Who suffers from Osteoporosis? Scoliosis? Arthritis?
How can one tell the difference between a dislocation and a subluxation?
The Axial Skeleton and the Appendicular Skeleton are different. How?
What does a tendon do?
What does a ligament do?