Final Evaluation Report
Community-led Climate Change Adaptation
-- CCA Project --
Submitted to
Committee for the Promotion of Public Awareness
And Development Studies
COPPADES, Lamjung, Nepal
Submitted by
Evaluation team
Krishna R Tiwari, PhD, Team Leader
Suresh K Shrestha, PhD, Team Member
November 2014
1
Abbreviations and Acronyms
AEPC
Alternative Energy Promotion Center
BSP
Bio-gas Support Program
CCA
Community-led Climate Change Adaptation Project
CDF
Community development facilitator
COPPADES Committee for the Promotion of Public Awareness and Development Studies
CFUG
Community forest user group
DADO
District Agriculture Development Officer
DDC
District development committee
DRR
Disaster risk reduction
GO
Government
HH
Household
IAPFZ
Indoor Air Pollution Free Zone
IGA
Income generation activities
ICS
Improved cooking stove
LDO
Local Development Officer
LWR
Lutheran World Relief
NEA
Nepal Electricity Authority
M&E
Monitoring and evaluation
MFSC
Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation
MH
Micro-hydro
NEA
NGO
Nepal Electricity Authority
Non-government organization
ODFZ
Open defecation free zone
ODF
PMC
Overseas Development Fund
Project management committee
R&D
Research and development
SACCO
Saving and credit cooperatives
TOR
Terms of reference
VEEC
VDC
Village energy environment committee
Village development committee
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Acknowledgement
We would like to express our gratitude to all respondents and participants of Rainas
Mohariyakot, Pyarjung, Gaunda, Kolki, Ilampokhari and Bichaur VDCs who spared their
valuable time to travel long distances and provide useful information on the works and
achievements made through CCA project. The Final EvaluationTeam would like to extend its
sincere appreciation and thanks to the District Agriculture Officer, Engineer from District
Drinking Water and Sanitation Office, District Forest Officer and VDC secretary of Rainas
Mohoriyakot. We are also grateful to Mr. Dikendra Raj Kandel, Project Director and
Executive Chairman of COPPADES, CCA Project, for entrusting this work for the final
evaluation of the project implemented by the organization and for his valuable information
about the CCA implementation works and suggestions. We are thankful to Mr. Bijaya
Gurung, Program Coordinator, CCA Project and Ms Fulmaya Thakuri and Ms Rachana
Khanal, Account Officer, CCA Project for their valuable information and facilitation towards
completion of this assignment. We would also like to thank the social mobilizes, Ms. Radha
Thapa, Ms. Kalabati Magar and Ms. Kamala Gurung for arranging all field level meetings
and facilitating field level observations effectively. Finally, our sincere thanks also goes to
Kiran Ojha from LWR, Kathmandu for providing valuable comments and suggestions
towards finalize this report.
Krishna R Tiwari, PhD,
Team Leader
Suresh K Shrestha, PhD,
Team Member
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Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 7
1. Background .................................................................................................................................................. 10
1.1. Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) project ......................................................................................... 10
1.2. Rationale of the CCA project intervention and target population ........................................................ 11
2. Result Framework
11
2.1 Goal and Objectives of the Project........................................................................................................ 11
2.1.1. The specific objectives of the CCA project are stated as: ................................................................. 11
2.1.2. Expected outcomes of the project ..................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3. Beneficiaries of the Project ............................................................................................................... 12
2.1.4. Project strategy .................................................................................................................................. 12
2.1.5. Project assumptions........................................................................................................................... 12
2.2: Project Management ............................................................................................................................ 13
2.2.1: Project Implementation Organization ............................................................................................... 13
2.2.2.Donor information.............................................................................................................................. 13
2.2.3. Key Partners ...................................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.4.Financing arrangements ..................................................................................................................... 13
3. Final evaluation............................................................................................................................................ 14
3.1. Objectives of the Final Evaluation ....................................................................................................... 14
3.2. Scope of the Final Evaluation .............................................................................................................. 14
3.3. Evaluation Research Questions ............................................................................................................ 16
4. Methodology of Evaluation ......................................................................................................................... 16
4.1 Evaluation approach and design............................................................................................................ 16
4.2. Work schedule...................................................................................................................................... 17
4.3. Data analysis and presentation ............................................................................................................. 18
4.4. Limitations of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 18
5. Project Approach, Strategy, and Targets and Indicators .............................................................................. 18
5.1. Project Approach.................................................................................................................................. 18
5.2. Project Strategy .................................................................................................................................... 18
5.3. Project Indicators and Activity Targets................................................................................................ 19
6. Demographic features of the target area ...................................................................................................... 19
7. Major findings related to specific outcome, outputs and activities targets: ................................................. 21
7.2.1 Progress related to specific Outcome under objective 1 .................................................................... 24
7.2.2: Progress related to specific Outcome under objective 2 ................................................................... 27
7.2.3: Progress related to specific Outcome under objective 3 ................................................................... 29
7.3 Analysis from field study: ..................................................................................................................... 32
7.3.1 Climate Change adaptation strategy: ................................................................................................. 32
7.3.2 Community perception related to impact/ achievement of the project: ............................................. 32
7.3.3: Community motivation on the project: ............................................................................................. 32
8. Project partnership, organization, management and monitoring.................................................................. 33
8.1 Partnership modalities ........................................................................................................................... 33
8.2. Finance management............................................................................................................................ 33
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8.2.1.Basis of financial evaluation: ............................................................................................................. 33
8.2.2. Accountability and transparency ....................................................................................................... 33
8.2.3. Book keeping system ........................................................................................................................ 34
8.2.4.Compliance with General Agreement ................................................................................................ 34
8.2.5 Compliance with Tax Laws ............................................................................................................... 34
8.2.6 Internal Control System ..................................................................................................................... 34
8.2.7Auditing .............................................................................................................................................. 34
8.2.8 Program and Administrative Budget .................................................................................................. 34
9. Project reporting and monitoring ................................................................................................................. 34
10. Assessment of Project response to challenges and gaps ............................................................................ 34
11. Project relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability and replicability ............................................. 35
11.1. Relevance ........................................................................................................................................... 35
11.2. Efficiency and effectiveness .............................................................................................................. 36
11.3 Sustainability....................................................................................................................................... 37
11.4: Replicability ....................................................................................................................................... 38
11.5:Synergy of the Project ......................................................................................................................... 38
12. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 38
12.1 Lessons learnt...................................................................................................................................... 39
12.2 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................... 39
Reference ......................................................................................................................................................... 40
Appendix .......................................................................................................................................................... 41
List of Annex .............................................................................................................................................. 41
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List of the Table
Title of the Table
Table 1. Social characteristics of the respondents
Table 2. Physical and economic resources of the respondents
Table 3. Activity wise project target and achievement
Table 4: Perceived benefits at HH level
Table 5. Motivation to participate in CCA programs
Table 6. Perception: Can CCA program sustain w/o external support
Page no
18
22
22
29
33
37
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Executive Summary
Climate change adaptation is the major development agenda in many developing countries
like Nepal where majority of the population depends on farming. In order to address the
climate change issues in the remote mountain area of Nepal, COPPADES, an NGO based in
the Lamjung District of Nepal launched the CCA Project in six VDCs of Lamjung from
October 2011 to September 2014 with the financial support from LWR-USA. The overall
goal of this three year project was to increase the disaster resiliency of the communities so
that they are better able to cope with risks due to disasters, such as landslide, drought as well
as to improve the environmental and livelihood condition of the local communities. The
project was prepared in line with global and national agenda on climate change issue. This
evaluation was commissioned at the end of the project to get independent perspective from
the outside consultants. The evaluation period was allocated for one month from September
1st to 30th September, 2014.
As per the TOR provided, the primary purpose of the final evaluation was to assess the
progress of the activities, outcomes and impacts of the project as planned over the last three
years and document the learning and experiences for the sustainability of the program. Both
the participatory and survey design approaches were employed to generate the qualitative and
quantitative data but more emphasis was given to the qualitative information collected
through participatory approach. The evaluation team conducted evaluation at three levels, i.e.,
district level interactions, VDC level interactions and community level interactions through
formal and informal meetings, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions held in
two VDCs. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 200 randomly selected
households. Review of project document including progress reports and financial reports and
audit reports were also done.
The three objectives of the CCA project were i) to provide access to at least one form of
alternative and clean energy and reducing their dependency on fuel source ii) promote
agriculture-based income generation and self-employment opportunities and iii) enhance the
capacity of community-based organizations to conserve forest and prevent and prepare for
disaster risk reduction during the project period. The findings indicated that the project was
very effectively managed and was successful in meeting the targets. The project has adopted
participatory approach involving district and local partners and relevant government and nongovernment stakeholders to implement the project. The project has achieved considerable
success in achieving the targets. In some cases, the project has achieved more than the targets
especially in micro-hydro (micro-hydro) and alternative energy area, sanitation area, and
plantation and forest conservation. Capacity enhancement training and income generation and
self-employment opportunities, and cooperative formation have also been completed as
planned. The evaluation showed that the project has made significant impacts from the Micro
hydro(MH) power, alternative energy, and Declaration of Open Defecation Free (ODF) zones
program on the rural community. These outcomes had multiple effects on conservation and
community development through reduction in firewood consumption, reduction in workload,
particularly for women and improving health and sanitation conditions of the community
members and overall improved environmental services and human well-beings in the area.
These outcomes improved the basic requirements of the villages and opened opportunities for
diversified farm and off-farm income generation opportunities. Additionally, promotion of
agriculture-based income generation activities showed that farmers have shifted to cash crop
farming such as organic vegetables, and off- season vegetables and crops such as potato and
ginger farming and bee keeping. These activities have increased the total farm income by
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about 8 to 11 % that will help local communities to realize how they can better adapt to
climatic variation and vulnerabilities through income diversification. Furthermore, capacity
enhancement through training and exposure visit programs enhanced the leadership quality
and empowered the women and Dalit groups as they have started to take part on community
development activities and hence, have better access to natural and financial resources.
Household level data analysis showed that majority of the households felt that improvement
in health and sanitation condition of the community was the most important contribution of
the project followed by reduction of workload (time save). The time saving was due to
availability of the facilities for milling, less use of time for firewood collection due to
electrification, installation of ICS and biogas plants. It also showed that majority of the
respondents were motivated in the CCA project activities due to opportunity for gaining
knowledge and skills through training events and support for seeds and implements (tools)
for farming which have increased employment opportunities and income for them. This
indicated that training and skill enhancement activities were effective and sustainable
involving rural people in the development projects.
In the context of financial management, the project report showed that the CCA project had
very efficiently mobilized resources from different sources (from community to national
government). It has also maintained its accountability and transparency as expected.
However, the total administrative cost was found slightly higher in ratio than the other
development project norms although some of the budgeted administrative costs could well be
justified within the program activities budget.
The team noticed that some activities were less efficient in terms of their sustainability, such
as forest nursery, and entrepreneurship development activities like potato and ginger farming,
and construction of small bioengineering structure in rural motor able road. The input support
to the farmers and short term capacity enhancement activities seemed to need further
emphasis and support to sustain the income generation program activities.
High degree of ownership, active participation of local communities and resource generation
are some of the remarkable contributions that have contributed to the success of micro-hydro
and rural electrification programs and become sustainable. Involvement of local government
agencies such as DDC and VDC from planning to implementation of the project and
institutionalization of different cooperatives are also the efforts made towards sustainability
of the program. However, the team noticed that limited mobilization of resources, youth
migration, weak governance, poor market network, geographical remoteness and relatively
short duration of the project have posed challenges to their sustainability.
Since the CCA project goals, objectives and activities were designed and implemented based
on local needs and with alignment with the national and district level policies and programs,
the project has its relevance at all levels, i.e. local, regional and national level. Successful
conservation of forest is in line with the global policy of mitigating carbon emission.
The evaluation showed that overall project performance is satisfactory and such type of
project model could be replicated in other similar remote areas in- or outside Lamjung
District. A number of lessons have been learnt from the implementation of the project, such
as high level of community mobilization and contribution can be achieved through small
contribution in the areas where communities have realized the needs. Income generation
activities were implemented for a very short period of time and were highly labor intensive
while labor shortage is a big issue in the mountains of Nepal at present. Major
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recommendations include:(a) development of trained micro-hydro technician from among the
local community for sustenance of repair and maintenance work, (b) continuation of the
follow-up along with technical and marketing support for sustainability of the agriculture
programs and (c) aligning the programs of the climate change adaptation and DRR with the
programs of line agencies at VDC and district level which would have greater impact and
sustainability.
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1. Background
Climate change adaptation is the major development agenda in many developing countries
including Nepal where majority of the population depends on farming (Tiwari et al., 2014). It
is reported that the agriculture dependent communities are more affected by the climate
change impacts. Existing evidences indicate that there is a significant risk that many of the
trends of climate change and associated impacts will accelerate leading to extreme climatic
events and to an increasing risk of abrupt or irreversible climatic shifts (IPCC, 2007, 2013).
Global climate change can be expected to threaten food production and supply through
changing patterns of rainfall, increasing incidence of extreme weather conditions and
changing distribution of diseases and their vectors (IPCC, 2007). Findings from the National
Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) showed that Nepal is extremely vulnerable to climate
change impacts because it heavily depends on natural resources, particularly water, soils, and
forests (MOE, 2010). The situation is made worse by excessive exploitation of natural
resources by the growing population and associated poverty, food insecurity, illiteracy and
low levels of awareness. Furthermore, the unplanned development activities such as rural
road construction in fragile mountains without any conservation measures are adding to
deforestation and land degradation phenomena making Nepalese peoples’ lives and their
livelihood resources more vulnerable to climate change related disasters such as floods,
drought and landslides, etc. The risk of adverse effects of climate change is especially serious
in a county like Nepal where institutional frameworks for disaster management and climate
change adaptation are weak.
Adaptation to climate change impacts is an emerging area of research and development
(R&D) in Nepal. Most of the government institutions and communities have limited
knowledge and capacity to design and implement climate change adaptation approach to their
development programs. In order to improve the ability of communities and households to
adjust to ongoing and future climate changes, there is an urgent need to conserve the
environment and improve livelihood of the people as measures for mitigation and adaptation
to the climate change impact and disaster management. Climate change may significantly
impact on assets, access, activities, outcomes and incomes of households throughout the rural
areas. This is particularly true for households with low adaptive capacity, i.e. having limited
level of abilities to cope with the impacts and risks of climate change (Smit et al., 2001). In
this context, there is an urgent need to implement the mitigation and adaptation practices to
improve the environment and livelihood of the rural communities.
1.1. Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) project
In the line with international agenda and national government policy and program priorities,
Community-led Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) project was designed and launched in six
Village Development Committees (VDCs) of Lamjung District in Nepal with an overall goal
of increasing resilience of the communities to climate change impact and disaster in the
mountain communities. The project aimed atmaking people better able to cope with risks
from different types of disasters, such as landslides and droughts, while improving the
environment and livelihood of the local communities. The project also attempted to empower
people and reduce their vulnerability to climate change impacts through awareness, skills
development, and livelihood improvements. It also aimed at strengthening the capacity of the
districts and local institutions and communities in disaster risk reduction (DRR). The duration
of the project was from October 2011 to September 2014. The project was implemented by
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COPPADES Nepal in collaboration with district level government agencies, VDCs and local
communities with the financial support from Lutheran World Relief (LWR), USA.
1.2. Rationale of the CCA project intervention and target population
Remoteness, fragility, poverty, social discrimination and environmental degradation are some
of the major problems in the rural communities of Nepal. In recent years, the communities
living in the hills of Nepal have become more vulnerable to disaster not only due to changing
climatic pattern but also due to human induced disaster such as rural road constructions
without planning in the hills triggering landslide. In the south eastern Lamjung due to
construction of rural road, a large area of forest has been denuded. The haphazard
construction of road has triggered landslide, and, due to lack of awareness people are not able
to measure the increasing vulnerabilities they are facing. To improve the resiliency of the
people to disaster the project included the components of awareness on climate change
adaptation, disaster risk reduction, environmental improvement and improving the rural
livelihood. The change rendered its impact not only on biophysical aspects of the VDCs, but
also on the socio-economic aspects which remained distressing to the local people due to
their poor ability to adapt to the austerities. The project was implemented in six VDCs of
south eastern Lamjung District, where communities were not aware of their vulnerabilities
due to climate change.
Based on the project report, the majority of the inhabitants in the project area in the VDCs are
Gurung, Tamang, Brahmin, Chhetri, as well as Dalit communities. The people are poor and
vulnerable to different types of disasters. According to the District Development Committee
data the percentage of poor people in the VDCs is40% in Bichaur, 44% in Gaunda, 62.4% in
Ilampokhari,51.5% in Kolki and 33.9% in Rainas Mohoriaykot VDC. Their literacy rate is
low, and they have very limited access to basic needs. The main occupation of people is
traditional agriculture. The project area is located at the foothills of high mountains which
have abundant of natural resources if properly managed. The altitude of the project area
varies from 1500m to 2000m above sea level. People's livelihoods and safety are vulnerable
to the effects of deforestation and climate change impacts.
2. Result Framework
2.1 Goal and Objectives of the Project
The overall goal of the project is “to increase the disaster resiliency of 2,448 families in 6
VDCs of Lamjung District”. The project strategies are to (a) provide access to renewable
energy through infrastructure development; (b) diversify the source of income of the poor and
marginal families living in the area; (c) prevent deforestation and promote reforestation and
(d) enhance capacity of the community organizations.
2.1.1. The specific objectives of the CCA project are stated as:

2,448 households have access to at least one form of alternative and clean energy,
reducing their dependence on lumber as a fuel source in three years.
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

Promote agriculture-based income generation and self-employment opportunities to
2,448 households in 6 VDCs of Lamjung in three years.
Capacitate at least 50 community organizations in six VDCs of Lamjung District to
conserve forest, and prevent and prepare for disaster risk reduction in three years.
2.1.2. Expected outcomes of the project

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Target households have access to alternative and clean energy sources for cooking
and lighting.
Improved health and sanitary condition of the target communities.
Community members have diversified their diet, agriculture production and have at
least one alternative employment opportunity for each family.
Inclusive and empowered community organizations capable of conserving natural
resources and contributing to energy conservation and management.
Communities have taken resilience measures on climate change adaptation and DRR.
2.1.3. Beneficiaries of the Project
The Project has covered 2,448 families of six VDCs (Gauda, Pyarjung, Mohariyakot,
Ilampokhari, Kolki and Bichaur) of the Lamjung District. Project activities have focused on
improving livelihood of the poor and marginalized communities of the remote rural areas of
the district.
2.1.4. Project strategy
The project has the strategy to promote energy use practices and livelihood practices in
consonance with the environment conservation, so that the adaptability to climate change
problems is properly addressed.
2.1.5. Project assumptions
The project has made the following assumptions to achieve its intended results. The
assumptions are linked with the outcome and output targets.
 Government subsidy is made available as per the subsidy policy.
 Community people are willing to make labour contribution.
 Community people are able to access government funds and the project proposed
fund is made available.
 Community people are able to access biogas subsidy from the bio-gas support
program (BSP).
 Community people are willing to take ICS building as their profession.
 Community people are willing to build and use ICS.
 Community people are willing to participate.
 Community people are willing to build toilet.
 Community people are willing to change their behavior.
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2.2: Project Management
2.2.1: Project Implementation Organization
The CCA project is implemented by COPPADES, which was registered at the Government of
Nepal, Lamjung District Administration Office, Lamjung in B.S. 2047 (1991) with the
Registration Number 36/047 (36/1991) as an NGO. It is also registered with the Social
Welfare Council, the NGO regulatory authority of the Government of Nepal (with
Registration Number 878/049). COPPADES is a national level NGO, actively working in the
area of social development in the rural communities in Nepal. It has over 20 years of
experience working with communities in Lamjung and over 7 years of working with rural
schools and communities in over 45 districts across the country. Throughout these 20 years of
operation, COPPADES's focus has consistently remained on the improvement of the lives of
the people below the poverty line. COPPADES works with a strong conviction that
educational opportunities, economic development and organizational empowerment are like
the three pillars of a tripod with respect to sustainable development of rural communities. To
implement the CCA project COPPADES was assigned with the project director and
coordinator to implement overall project activities, and one administration and finance officer
in the office. Similarly, at the field level, there was one Enterprise Development Facilitator
and four Community Mobilizers. The project successfully maintained the gender balance in
staff recruitment.
2.2.2.Donor information
The Lutheran World Relief (LWR) is the USA- based International Humanitarian and
Development Organization, and is working in Nepal and around the world. One of the goals
of this organization is to improve the lives of millions of small-scale farmers and their
families, and to help them adapt to and mitigate the effects of changing weather and
environmental conditions.
2.2.3. Key Partners
The key partners of the project are COPPADES as the implementing agency and LWR, USA
as the funding agency. Other partners and stakeholders of the project are the district level
offices like DDC, DFO, DADO, NGOs, village level offices like VDCs, Agriculture Service
Centre, and social groups like CFUGs, VEEC, MHMCs, PMCs, SACOOs, Women Groups,
Farmer Groups, etc. Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC), the government agency
for promoting renewable and clean energy and Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), the
national electricity supply agency are its central level partners on alternative energy.
2.2.4.Financing arrangements
The total budget of the project was US $ 368,280.48 and LWR provided a financial grant
amounting to US $ 298,155.3. As per the agreement, LWR had to provide the aforementioned
committed fund in the form of financial grant for the CCA project. The project budget
consisted of program activities cost (68 %) and administrative cost (32 %), which included
equipment and support staff cost.
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3. Final evaluation
The purpose of the final evaluation is to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, replicability and
sustainability of the project. The main audience of this evaluation includes COPPADES,
Lutheran World Relief as funding agency and district level stakeholders such as government
agency who will be interested to know the performance of the project.
3.1. Objectives of the Final Evaluation
According to the TOR provided by COPPADES (Annex Table 1), the primary purpose of the
final evaluation is to assess the progress of the activities, outcomes and impacts of the project
as planned over the last three years of project implementation and document the learning and
experiences for the sustainability and replication of the program. The project evaluation team
carried out the following:
 Assess the project performance and achievements against the project objective and
logical framework based indicators in terms of relevance, effectiveness, efficiency,
impact and sustainability.
 Explore the level of progress/change made by the project and analyse the extent to
which the achievements have supported the program goals and their objectives.
 Evaluate the project effectiveness- longitudinal effect and continuity of the project
activities/services as well as the scope and extent of the institutionalization of the
project.
 Identify the target and level of achievements as specified in the project agreement.
 Explore the coordination between the concerned line agencies in the district.
 Assess the good lessons to be replicated in other projects and aspects to be improved
in the days ahead.
 Find out the income and expenditure in compliance with the project agreement and
proportion of programmatic and administrative cost incurred by the project.
3.2. Scope of the Final Evaluation
Basically, the evaluation was conducted based on some evaluation criteria, i.e. relevance,
effectiveness, efficiency, outcomes, impact, substantiality and replicability. Impact and
outcomes are measured with standard indicators. The study also tried to evaluate final
progress as planned and targeted as well as furnished the information with regard to the
aforementioned criteria. This evaluation covers all completed activities of the project from
October , 2011 to the end of the project (September 30, 2014) in the target areas of Rainas
Mauriyakot, Pyarjung, Gaunda, Kolki, Ilampokhari and Bichour VDCs. The main audiences
of the evaluation are COPPADES, local implementing partners and donor agencies. The
findings and conclusions obtained from the study are expected to enhance accountability of
implementing agencies and help contribute in completing progress as targeted and achieve
the objectives of the project within the project period and in the future in other projects.
Evaluation criteria, questions and findings of the evaluation are based on TOR.
Relevance
Relevance was measured based on the following questions:
 How was the CCA project relevant at the local, national and global level?
 How relevant were the overall project goal and objectives?
 Was it appropriate to the area, communities and time of project implementation?
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Effectiveness
Effectiveness was measured based on the following objectives:
 To determine the achievement of project objectives.
 To discover whether or not an intervention has achieved the outputs and outcomes it
originally intended.
 To identify strengths and weaknesses of the program.
 To determine if the needs of beneficiaries are being met.
Effciency
Efficiency was measured based on the following objectives:


To determine the cost-effectiveness of the program.
To analyse how the project has mobilized other stakeholders’ resources to implement
the project activities.
 To assess how efficiently did COPPADES manage the project.
Impacts
Impact was measured based on the following questions:
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To examine how the project functions within the economic, social, and political
environment of its community and project setting (context evaluation).
To examine whether the project was on track to achieving its intended outcomes.
To evaluate the outcomes at the individual level, community level outcomes.
What are the indicators of the outcomes?
What were the impacts of the project?
Was the project on track to achieving a change in knowledge, behavior and practice
in climate change adaptation?
Did the project contribute to any important unintended outcomes, either positive or
negative?
To assess the short- and long-term results of the project and to seek to measure the
changes brought about by the project?
Partnership and coordination
Partnership and coordination was measured based on the following questions:
 To assess how the project mobilized all its GOs and communities to implement the
program?
 Has the project contributed to strengthening the partnership between community
organizations and government agencies?
Beneficiary participation and satisfaction
Beneficiary participation and satisfaction was measured based on the following questions:


Who were the beneficiaries of the project?
How did beneficiaries respond to the project in terms of project implementation and
outcomes?
Sustainability and resilience
Sustainability and resilience was measured based on the following questions:
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Were the Project activities institutionalized at the local level?
What are the indicators for continuation of the activities?
Do the local communities have capacity to run the project intervention?
How has the project developed the resilience to the community from multiple
disaster?
What are the interventions by the project to minimize the disaster risk reduction and
climate change adaptation?
What exit strategies are incorporated into the project design and to what extent are
they going to contribute to sustainability?
Replicability
Replicability was measured based on the following questions:

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

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Is the project model replicable by COPPADES in the future?
If yes, what factors contribute to the replicability and if not, why?
What can we learn from this project that would help for climate change adaptation?
What are the lessons learned in terms of project implementation, coordination, and
beneficiary satisfaction?
What are the key challenges to successful program implementation and how can they
be improved?
Synergy of the project
Synergy of the project measured based on the following questions:
 Did the project achieve the multiple benefits?
 How did the project intervention synergise to the environment and human wellbeings?
3.3. Evaluation Research Questions
Considering the Terms of Reference (ToR, Annex 1) and timing of field visit, the evaluation
team prepared a household survey, and comprehensive checklist/evaluation format (Annex
Table 2) to gather pertinent information. It was targeted for project beneficiaries, DDCs and
government line agencies in VDCs and district level key persons, project staff and
community organization members. A commonly used approach in evaluations is to assess
performance against a baseline: a ‘snapshot’ of conditions, established before the start of an
intervention, from which progress can be assessed.
4. Methodology of Evaluation
4.1 Evaluation approach and design
The Project objectives and the log frame made the basis of designing the evaluation process.
It employed multiple means and methods for gathering information needed for analysis of
various aspects of project performance including sustainability and replicability (Annex 2).
These included both the qualitative and quantitative methods, namely, collection of
secondary information, formal and informal meetings, semi-structured interviews and focus
group discussions, direct field observation and household questionnaire (HH) survey (Annex
3).
16
The secondary information collection process consisted of review of various project
documents including project proposals, series of project reports, audit reports, and other
documents and publications available at project headquarters.
The evaluation team spent 5 days (1st September to 5th September 2014)Annex 4) visiting
project sites and activities in the target VDCs of Lamjung District. The plan for collecting
primary data from field wasfinalized in consultation with COPPADES staff. As mentioned
above, the field data collection employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. Project
evaluation team, however, gave more focus on the qualitative information generated from
participatory process. The evaluation team conducted field evaluation at three levels, i.e.
district level, VDC and community level interactions and household level interactions.
Evaluation team met with district level line agencies, communities, GOs/NGOs and key
personnel as well as field observation were made as presented in Annex 4. A checklist was
prepared to collect the information from the key informant and focus group discussion.
The team held a series of formal and informal consultative meetings with the number of key
informants. These included project staff, DDC and VDC officials, micro- hydro management
committee members, and district level line agencies officials in Besisahar before visiting the
project sites. Key informant interviews were conducted with VDC representatives, District
Agriculture Development Officer, District Forest Officer, District Water and Sanitation
Engineer, and field staff of COPPADES.
Two focus group discussions were organized at VDC level at the field sites- one in Pyarjung
VDC and another in Udi of Ilampokhari VDC. The participants of focus group discussions
were VDC level PMC members, saving credit group members, mother group members,
community forest user group members, micro-hydro and electricity management group
members, vegetable growers, project beneficiaries and people representing Dalit
communities.
A questionnaire survey was conducted with about 8% of households (200) of the target area
using the semi-structured questionnaire. Two enumerators were selected and trained with the
help of project officials for conducting the HH survey. The sample households were selected
randomly. The purpose of the household survey was to triangulate the information generated
from participatory methods and to obtain information on project performance, impacts and
benefits realized at household level by people of different ethnic groups and socio-economic
classes in all target VDCs. Furthermore, visits were made to different project sites for direct
observation of field evidences and assess the quality of work. During the entire survey
process, emphasis was given to collect the information about the parameters like relevance,
efficiency, effectiveness, impact, sustainability, replicability and synergy of the CCA
activities.
The findings of the project evaluation survey were debriefed with the project officials and
draft report was presented at COPPADES headquarters among the project staff for their
comments and suggestions. The final report is submitted to the project implementer and
donor after incorporating comments and suggestions received on draft report.
4.2. Work schedule
There was a 30-day time period including travelling days. However, draft report was shared
with project personnel before tentative date of submission of the report. The team conducted
17
the field work from 1 to 5th September, 2014. The details of work schedule for this task is
shown in Annex 4.
4.3. Data analysis and presentation
Both the qualitative and quantitative data collected from participatory methods and HH
survey were analyzed and presented in descriptive format. The qualitative data collected from
the secondary source were manually processed and triangulated to the project logframe.
Similarly, qualitative data obtained from key informant interview, focus group discussion,
and field observation we reanalyzed by using matrix method with activities, output, outcomes
and impact and triangulated with the project progress report. Appropriate measurable
indicators were developed to analyze the project outcomes data. The HH survey data were
analyzed and presented as descriptive statistics, such as percentage, frequencies, means, and
cross tabulation in the form of tables and graphs using SPSS version 16 and Microsoft Excel
software.
4.4. Limitations of the Study
It is difficult, if not impossible to visit all villages of target VDCs and interact with all
community members within the timeframe of evaluation study because of the difficult access
to the area due to remoteness, rainy season and busy schedule of the community members in
rice fields. The evaluation team, however, made genuine effort to cover as much area as
possible to visit and interact with the community members. Had the timing been favorable,
perhaps more information could have been collected in various aspects of project
performance. The analysis thus, could have missed some important components. However,
the 200 questionnaires filled out through the HH survey should reflect and complement the
above mentioned limitation of the evaluation process. Additionally, financial activities were
not dealt and evaluated in detail as it was not within the scope of evaluation as per the TOR.
5. Project Approach, Strategy, and Targets and Indicators
5.1. Project Approach
The CCA program had two major themes, i.e. natural resource conservation and livelihood
improvement. The project has adopted egalitarian approach to implement the program. The
project has focused on community development and capacity enhancement of the local
communities with the objective of enhancing their ability to cope with risks due to climate
change, specifically the poor, disadvantaged and vulnerable communities of the remote
village of Lamjung District, Nepal. It was, therefore, relevant for the evaluation team to look
at whether the project has been able to increase the disaster resiliency at the community and
household level and enhance the capacity of the local communities to improve their
livelihood.
5.2. Project Strategy
The working strategy of the project was to implement the project activities by developing
partnership with the local community-based institutions and enhancing their human and
physical resources in the field of alternative energy management and livelihood
improvement. Further, the project aimed at working in close cooperation with the District
18
Development Committee (DDC) to institutionalize the program in the local institutions such
as Saving Credit Groups, VDC level electricity supply groups, vegetable groups, and
community forest user groups. The evaluation team, therefore, looked at partnership
modalities and success in both field implementation of the program and overall program
management in order to assess the project strategy.
5.3. Project Indicators and Activity Targets
The project has clear and measurable targets or indicators for all activities under the program
components and activities (Annex-5). Rather than developing outcome indicators the project
document includes a verbal description of expected impact on target groups/beneficiaries.
This description covers “outcomes” related to the situation of the target area/beneficiaries and
technical and management capacities of the local partner(s). The evaluation team has tried to
follow these “outcomes” in assessing project impact and progress towards the development
goal.
6. Demographic features of the target area
Table 1 below portrays the socio-cultural characteristics of the respondents, who participated
in the household survey. Consistent to the features of the area about one-half of the
respondents are of Gurung ethnicity (52 %) followed by Brahmin/Chhetri, and Dalit. The
mean family size of the respondent is 6.2 and about one-half of the respondents lived in
medium size family, i.e. 4-6 members. Majority of the respondents (86%) reported
agriculture as their main occupation and only about 26% respondents have education level of
SLC or higher. Nearly one-half of the participants (46 %) have primary level education or
below.
The mean age of the respondents is 44 years. Analysis of age groups shows the representation
of the youths (30 years or below) is just 19%. The crosstab analysis of age group with sex,
however, showed that the mean age of the female participants is much lower than the male
respondents and the number of male youths is just one-half of the female youths in the
villages. These findings perhaps implied that majority of the male youths do not stay in the
villages due to the lack of higher educational facilities and lack of income opportunities for
better life.
Table 1: Social characteristics of the respondents
Bichaur
Ilampokhari
Gauda
Pyarjung
Rainas
Mohariyakot
(14%)
(22%)
(24%)
(24%)
(16%)
Gurung
Brahmin/Chhetr
Magar
i
Dalits
Tamang
(52%)
(16%)
(16%)
(14%)
Remittance
Teaching
VDC
Caste
(2%)
Male
Female
(68%)
(32%)
Sex
Occupation Agriculture Labor
Livestock
19
(86%)
(2%)
(4%)
Family Size
(6%)
Youth (<30) Adults (31-45)
Mature (46Old (>60)
60)
Mean age
(19%)
(25%)
44 years
Age Groups
Education
(4%)
(41%)
Self Literate
Middle
to Primary
(6-8)
School
(15%)
School High School SLC
(9-10)
above
(19%)
and
(46%)
(9%)
Small
family(4)
Medium family Large family
Mean Family size
size (4-6)
(>.6)
(21%)
(44%)
(35%)
(26%)
6.2
Table 2 shows the physical and economical characteristics of the respondents. It shows that
the mean landholding of the respondents is 5.5 ropani (1 ha = 20 ropani) with an average
landholding of 15 ropani per family. Only 20% HH have landholding higher than 20 ropani
and have food security for year around. Nearly 80% HH have landholding less than 20 ropani
and they do not have enough land to produce food to feed the family members for entire year.
Income data shows that the mean annual income of the respondents is NRs. 242,000, which is
good for a remote rural mountain area (Table 2). A closer look, however, showed that the
mean was skewed due to presence of a few HHs having income more than millions of NRs.
Removal of those outliers showed that the mean income of the respondents is NRs. 185,191.
More than one-half of the HHs has income higher than NRs. 150,000 and only 20% HHs
belonged to very poor category.
Table 2: Physical and economic resources of respondents (Income in NRs.)
Poor income Low
income Medium
income
High income
family
family
family
Mean Income
family>300,000
=<75000
75001
–
150000
150,001
300,000
Income
Class
NRs.
9
13
15
9
242,000
19.6%
28.3%
32.6%
19.6%
(185191)1
Livestock
holding
Land
Holding
Class
1 - 2 livestock 3 - 5 livestock
6 - 10 livestock
21.7%
26.1.0%
43.5%
> 10 Livestock Mean livestock
8.7%
Very
small
Small farmers
farmer
5.1 - 10 ropani
=< 5 ropani
Medium
farmer Big farmer
10.1 - 20 ropani
> 20 ropani
24.0%
34.0%
5.5 Livestock
Mean
holding
14 Ropani
24.0%
18.0%
20
land
Food
Security
1-3 months
4 -8 months
8 - 11 months
Whole year
22.0%
48.0%
6.0%
24.0%
Mean
security
6.6 months
Note: 1 Mean income after removeal of outlier
7. Major findings related to specific outcome, outputs and activities targets:
Review of project progress reports indicated that the project has successfully met most of the
project targets ( Table 3., and Annex5). The evaluation team, after field visits and interactions
with all concerned stakeholders including line agencies and local community members, also
came to the conclusion that COPPADES has done commendable job in the area and achieved
most of the project targets. The team found that most of the project activities were well
planned and effectively implemented. In many areas, the team noticed that the project
achievements exceeded the set targets. However, the team also noted a few shortcomings
which might be largely due to the short duration of the project because the capability of three
year-long project is questionable for achieving conservation and livelihood improvement
goals and objectives especially while working with poor and marginalized communities in
remote area. The other possible reasons for seemingly moderate success of some activities
might be due to the fact that the effects become evident only after quite a long time. The
following paragraphs discuss the objective-wise outcomes and achievements.
7.1 Activity wise analysis of achievement
Table 3. Activity wise project target and achievement
Activity Description
Target
Actual
%
Objective 1: 2448 households have access to at least one form of alternative and clean energy,
reducing their dependence on timber as a fuel source in 3 years
ACTIVITIES PROGRESS SUMMARY 1.1:
1.1 Build one micro hydro plant in the target area
1
1
100.0%
1.2 Assist 2260 households to have access to electricity grid
2260
1936
85.7%
1.3 Provide bio-gas operation training and plant installation
250
support
223
89.2%
1.4 Provide training and installation support for thirty-five
35
(35) solar PV systems
35
100.0%
21
food
1.5 Conduct one event of ICS promoter’s training for five
1
days for 15 persons (1 event)
1.6 Conduct eight (8) events ICS demonstration and one day
8
orientation program for 2448 households
1.7 Construction of 2448 Improved Cook Stoves
2448
1.8 Conduct two (2) events of micro hydro project
2
management and operation training
1.9 Support on construction of two hundred and fifty (250)
latrines with connection to biogas pit and 250 without 500
connection to bio-gas pit
1.10 Conduct one day behaviour change campaign to
promote the practice of using toilet and stopping open 6
defecation practice
1
100.0%
8
100.0%
1639
67.0%
2
100.0%
500
100.0%
6
100.0%
Objective 2 Objective 2: Promote agriculture based income generation and self-employment
opportunities to 2448 households in 6 VDCs of Lamjung in 3 years.
2.1 Bee keeping training for 70 community members for five
2
days
3
150.0%
2.2 Distribution of 2 beehives for each of the 70 bee
70
entrepreneurs including transportation
130
185.7%
180
442
245.6%
180
442
245.6%
8
8
100.0%
8
8
100.0%
400
460
115.0%
642
706
110.0%
2.7 Savings and Credit Cooperative (SACCO) management
2
and business planning training for 55 members for three days
10
500.0%
2.8 Women from 2448 households involved in SACCOs have
increased their saving at least 20% compared to before the 490
project (LWR specific Indicator)
458
93.5%
2.3 Vegetable farming training and seed support to 180
people (30 members participate per training organized in
each of the six villages within the project period for one day)
2.3.1. One General vegetable seed support with Rs 2500 per
cluster area
2.4 Nursery training and nursery establishment support for
eight persons for three days
2.4.1. Financial Support for eight community nursery
establishment
2.5 Potato growing training and financial support for 400
community members
2.6 Ginger farming training and seed support for 642
community members
Objective 3 At least 50 community organizations from 6 VDCs in Lamjung District have
enhanced capacity to conserve forest, prevent and prepare for disaster risk reduction in 3 years.
3. 1 Support on institutional development of 42 PMCs and
1
one VEEC
1
100.0%
3.2 VEEC Management training for 11 Executive Committee
1
members. for three days
1
100.0%
22
3.3 Support VEEC to maintain the rural infrastructure
1
through labour intensive employment practice
1
100.0%
13
162.5%
7
116.7%
3.6 Advocacy training for VEEC, SACCOs and CFUCs
4
members
5
125.0%
3.7 Four Exposure Visits for community representatives to
4
relevant destinations for five (5) days
6
150.0%
3.8 Conduct training for Community Forest User Committees
(CFUCs) on conservation, Climate change and plantation for 2
two days
3
150.0%
3.9 Involve CFUCs to plant six thousand (6000) sapling of
6000
fruit forest and fodder trees by September 2012
190400
3173.3%
3.10 Financial support youth groups (sports and cultural
30000
groups ) from the target VDCs to plant 30000 plants
39276
130.9%
3.11 Support six (6) schools in the project area to plant three
9000
thousand (3000) plants annually
51464
571.8%
3.12 Climate change adaptation training to a total of 140
4
community members (through four 4 events)
10
250.0%
7
350.0%
2
200.0%
4
133.3%
1
100.0%
0
0.0%
3
50.0%
3.4 Organize group management and leadership training for
Mother’s groups, PMC and other community groups for one 8
day
3.5 Organize gender equity training for community people for
6
two (2) days
3.13 Disaster Risk Reduction training for seventy (70)
representatives of social groups for two (2) days two (2) 2
events)
4.1 Organize one event of program orientation for
1
COPPADES board and staff for two days
4.2 Three events of detailed project planning for four days
3
4. 3 Conduct one day district level project appraisal
1
workshop
4.4 Conduct One day Project review and experience meeting
1
at the district level
4.7 Social Audit of the project activities
6
4.8 Mid term evaluation
1
1
100.0%
4.9 Final evaluation
1
1
100.0%
7.2 Outcome wise achievement
Objective 1.1: 2448 households have access to at least one form of alternative and clean
energy, reducing their dependence on lumber as a fuel source in 3 years
23
7.2.1 Progress related to specific Outcome under objective 1
7.2.1.1:Access to clean energy sources and establishment of small industry through install
micro- hydro (MH) power
The CCA Project has achieved significant success in installing micro- hydro plants, more
than double as planned by mobilizing resources from national government, local communities
and the project resources. Project has conceptualized and initiated the MH projects through
feasibility study and sensitizing and mobilizing local community for resource generation
from different sources governmental, non-governmental community contribution and
donations from individuals. Through the project six (6) micro-hydro projects were installed
compared to four (4) planned and served more people than targeted (Annex 5). This output
forms an exemplary case in exhibiting how small monetary/financial contributions could lead
to achieving big and expensive goals by wisely mobilizing the communities. For example, in
case of Ilampokhari MH, the total cost of the project was about NRs 2.75 million. The CCA
Project had supported only NRs. 350,000 while the remaining amount was contributed from
VDC, DDC, and local community members (beneficiaries) as well as donations from people
living away from the villages including in foreign countries. According to the most recent
project progress report 186households have access to clean energy through micro- hydro
projects supported by the CCA project. This does not include the benefitting households from
all the MH projects that included the ones built from the earlier fifteen month CCA project
implemented in Ilampokhari and Kolki VDCs. If those households included the MH project
beneficiaries amount to six hundred and fifty two (652).
The value addition of electricity in the rural area is much higher than just lighting. It provides
multiple benefits at the HH and community level such as lighting, triggering small industries
such as furniture, grain mill and computer classes for kids. Furthermore, it helps for cooking
rice with rice cookers in some villages. The women group reported that grain mills and
electric rice cookers have provided great relief to the women. According to them, the
increasing use of electric cooker has reduced firewood consumption while reducing the
smoke level in the house providing health benefits. Reduced consumption of firewood saved
time, which the women spent in collecting firewood from forests. It also helped in forest
resources conservation.
It is true for the impacts of rice mills also. Women participants in focus group meeting
claimed that the grain mills have saved female family members’ time, which they otherwise
would have to spend in milling and grinding using traditional mills for hours. Impacts of
micro-hydro could be an interesting research topic for women welfare groups. The villagers
told that the use of TV is increasing as a popular family entertainment medium. The use of
TV is not only providing entertainment but also helping to educate and raising the awareness
of people especially the kids through news and educational shows. Micro-hydro has also
improved communication level of the villagers with the outside world through the mobile
phones as they can now charge their cell phones in their own houses. They reported that the
saved time is used for other income generation activities (IGAs) and community development
works. Furthermore, water from MH collection is used for irrigating farmland in the
Illampokhari and Bichaur VDCs. Local people from Udi village of Illampokari VDC reported
that they have utilized MH water for irrigation of rice field this year because of late monsoon.
However, the energy supply still is not sufficient for meeting other needs such as heating and
operating cottage industries in a bigger scale. The people reported that unavailability of the
24
well-trained technician at the local level is a constraint for repair and maintenance of the MH
plant and extension lines including transformers. The team realized that at least one
technician from their locality should be trained from the joint support of 3-4 MH projects of
the area for repair and maintenance and he/she should be well- paid so that one does not leave
the area for higher pay. There were some negative impacts of TV reported by some culturally
sensitive people as the popularity of TV is creating social disruptions. For example, the
villagers used to gather in Chautari or village square and shared their feelings among
themselves but because of presence of TVs this kind of gathering has decreased. Five small
scale industries have been powered by micro hydro against two (2) planned.
7.2.1.2:Use of 250 watt of electricity and 6 industries powered by national grid supply:
Community managed rural electrification is another successful activity of the CCA project. It
is reported that 86 % of the HHs (1936 HHs against 2260 HH planned for electricity
connectivity) are connected to national electricity supply grid ( Annex Table- 1) and the task
of connecting the remaining HHs is under process. In the community managed rural
electrification scheme, NEA covered 90 % of the cost and the remaining 10% of the cost is
borne by local users. The CCA project has provided the support of NRs. 350,000 to Rainas
Mohariyakot to the community fund and mobilised the community to generate the remaining
NRs. 3,200,000 from different sources for linking the villages with national electricity grid.
Similar to the MH plant, rural electrification program not only provided lighting but also,
helped implement different industries such as milling and grinding, operating computer
classes, raising poultry farm and operating slaughter house etc. along with the use of TVs.
The Chairperson of the Rainas Mohariyakot rural electricity committee, Purna Gurung
reported that they were responsible for collecting electric bills from user HHs of which 50%
goes to committee fund for repair and maintenance and staff salary. It helps for immediate
repair if problems arise and at present there is no electricity leakage problem in their area.
The evaluation team recommends for providing scholarship for technical education (overseer
level) to one or two persons so that the committee has a human resource locally available for
regular maintenance. It is estimated that households have been using power as planned. 12
industries have been powered by national grid supply against sic (6) planned.
7.2.1.3: 35 households having 20 watt of electricity:
Those HHs who were inaccessible to link with national grid and MH power supply were
provided with solar PVs. There is 35 such HHs in Ilampokhari VDC. Lighting from solar
energy has limited use and is costly for repair and maintenance. The power is not sufficient
for household use as 20 watt seemed to be insufficient to the households. It is better to link
these HHs to the national grid for electricity in the future. There has been 100% reduction on
use of kerosene for lighting among the households having solar power.
7.2.1.4: 40% and 80% reduction in use of firewood among 2448 families having ICS and
250 families having bio gas:
Alternative energy programs such as installation of biogas plants and ICS are also very
successful programs of the CCA project in the study area. Installation of biogas plants and
ICS for cooking at HH level have significantly reduced use of firewood for cooking and
contributed to better health due to smoke free environment. According to the project progress
report there has been about 40% reduction in the use of firewood among 2448 families using
ICS and saving the associated labor of collecting the firewood. The reduction in the use of
firewood has not only contributed towards conserving the local forest resources but also
25
helped to mitigate CO2 gas reduction while providing health benefits from the smokeless
ovens. As per discussion held in the community there has been 40% reduction in the use of
firewood among families having ICS and 80% reduction in the use of firewood among those
having biogas
7.2.1.5: ICS promoter earn RS 12000 per year
ICS promoters have gained self-employment and have made supplementary income of
around NRs. 16544 per year.
7.2.1.6: Reduction in workload of women by 25%
Improved cooking stoves and installation of biogas is helping to save time of women on an
average of one hour per day. The women have been able to utilize the saved time for income
generating activities and community development.
7.2.1.7: Micro hydro management committees have maintenance guideline and collect
tariff:
The micro hydro management committes have formed guideline to collect tariff and
collecting it on regular basis.
7.2.1.8:500 families have used toilets:
Construction of the concrete toilet in the rural areas and declaration of Open Defecation Free
Zone (ODFZ) is one of the major agenda in the Lamjung District. The CCA project has
supported the district agenda of ODFZ and implemented program in collaboration with VDC,
District Water Supply and Sanitation office in three VDCs. Until now, 500 permanent toilets
have been constructed and households are using toilets regularly. Kolki, Pyarjung and Rainas
Mohariyakot VDCs have been already declared as an ODFZ VDCs. Programs on hygiene and
sanitation were conducted to bring about the change in behavior of the people through running
campaigns in Kolki, Rainas Mohariyakot, Pyarjung, Bichaur and Gauda VDCs. This has
contributed to improved behavior of the people in health and sanitation and helped to make
villages in the target area cleaner. Field visits showed that sanitation program significantly
improved the cleanliness, hygiene and improved outlook of the village.
7.2.1.9 In addition some unintended impacts were also created by the project.






Water from MHs provide irrigation facilities for rice farming (area)
About 2 hours increased time in evening for income generating activities and other works
Number of hours increased (time) to study for children at home
Improved health conditions through smokeless and increased awareness
Increased participation of women in different community development works
Financial contributions obtained from different sources such as DDC, VDC on expansion
of electricity, micro hydro, biogas construction as well as ICS making.
 Pyarjung, Rainas Mohoriyakot and Kolki VDCs declared as ODFZs
 Contribution from Government and VDCsmade available in support ofprojectactivities
 Utilizing excesss electricity in the day time it was possible to operate computer classes in
Bichaur VDC.
26
The above discussion signifies that most of the activities have successfully been completed
and targets have been achieved under objective 1.Significant improvements have been made in
the rural area through the supply of alternative clean energy which has also brought positive
changes in health and sanitation condition of the villagers. The situation has also resulted in
the reduced use of firewood, conserving forest while reducing workload of women. These
outcomes might open a new avenue to attract youths back to villages for overall development
of the area and may promote eco-tourism and other feasible businesses.
Objective 2. Promote agriculture-based income generation and self-employment
opportunities to2448 households in 6 VDCs of Lamjung in 3 years.
7.2.2: Progress related to specific Outcome under objective 2
The livelihood improvement through crop diversification, increased farm production and
household is the climate change adaptation strategies in the rural area. The agriculture-based
income generation and self-employment opportunities in the project area are the important
activities in climate change adaptation project that are alsohighly relevant in the context of
the project site. Farm diversification and income diversification are two major adaptation
strategies to minimize the impact of climate change in the rural livelihood. The project has
implemented different activities at the HH level to increase the farm income and selfemployment opportunities such as bee keeping, vegetable farming, ginger and potato
farming, etc. through training, field visit, and input supports (seed, materials support,
technical support).
7.2.2.1:The income is increased by at least 20% among the families involved in bee keeping:
Promotion of bee farming is very potential in the area, and it is one of the climate-led
adaptation strategy to increase the farm income. Seventy farmers were trained on bee keeping
and provided with two bee hives each. The project reports and field interaction showed that it
was of limited success and income from the bee keeping was insignificant. Few farmers made
some additional income from bee keeping (i.e. about 8%). The local people reported that only
five farmers adopted bee keeping for income diversification. They complained that
occurrence of heavy hailstone in the area in the year of bee-hives distribution destroyed many
bee-hives and the bees died without any food. Some farmers also reportd that Chibe Chari
(bird) also created problems in bee keeping by plucking them. Furthermore, no follow-up
programs were implemented for retrieving bee keeping by the project. The evaluation team is
of the opinion that the bee keeping has good potential in the area and it should be restarted
with proper follow-up programs. More trainingshould be provided to increase bee keeping in
the area.
7.2.2.2 Dietary diversity is increased by 2:
Some changes were evident in dietary pattern of the local people especially diversification in
vegetable consumption and improved nutrition intake in their diet. The women also reported
27
that it was easy for them as they have been getting vegetables in their farms. The baseline
data on dietary diversity collected with the vegetable farming households was tallied with the
endline data collected at the end of the project. The dietary diversity data that was calculated
and analyzed showed that the dietary score improved to nearly (10.6) compared to six (6) at
the pre project stage.
7.2.2.3 Nursery entrepreneurs have raised their income by at least 40% and 50% of the
need for fodder and trees met by the nurseries:
The CCA project has supported the establishment of multipurpose nursery for supplying
fodder, fruits and minor products seedlings in the local area by providing training and
material supports to the farmers. The purpose of the nursery was to develop an
entrepreneurship at the local level. Eight (8) people were trained and supported to establish
nursery but only one farmer is running the nursery in Pyarjung village. Field observation
revealed that the income from the nursery is low and less demand for fodder and fruit tree
seedling existed in the local area. According to the nursery owner, Mr. Gobardhan Gurung of
Pyarjung village, the income earned from the nursery last year was about NRs.18 000.
Altogether the income of the nursery entrepreneur is NRs. 93075. It is 28% increase from the
baseline. However, if we consider all the entrepreneurs who started and dropped out the
income from nursery seems negligible.
7.2.2.4:400 potato farmers have increased their production by 50% income by at least
40% through the sale of potatoes
400 potato farmers received support from the project and the annual income of 246 farmers
involved in it increased by 8%. The seed was supplied in coordination with District
Agriculture Development Office but the quality of seed was not good, and therefore, the
germination was poor thereby leading to low production and low income for the participating
families.
7.2.2.5:642 ginger farmers have increase their production and income by at least by
50%
Six hundred and forty two (642) farmers were trained in ginger cultivation along with seed
support. The ginger production in the area has increased by 50% and the average HH income
raised by about 11.5%. The harvesting season is yet to come for this year, and therefore, the
income at present seems low. With what is seen as the status of the ginger farm the income
seems to be much higher although the projection of income increase by 50% by the end of the
project may still not be accurate
7.2.2.6: 2448 households involved in SACCOs have increased their saving at least 20%
The project has taken initiation to establish a Saving and Credit Cooperatives (SACCOs) as
well as strengthening the ongoing cooperatives. The project has supported to strengthen the
existing cooperatives at Udi village, Ilampokhari VDC. Majority of the women members
from Ilampokhari VDC are involved in SACCOs and have increased their saving by 44% as
compared to before the project.
28
7.2.2.7: 80% of the loans disbursed by SACCOs are for income generating purposes and
loan recovery rate is 95%:
Both the loan disbursement and loan repayments are above the target being loan
disbursement for income generation 112% and repayment rate of the loan 113%. The group
discussion revealed that the interest rate charged by SACCO on the loan ranged from 15 to
18%, which is high as compared to the rates charged by the commercial banks. The team
suggests that Nepal government is providing agriculture loan at 6% interest rate, which can
be tapped and utilized by the cooperatives to provide loans to the members at lower interest
rate. The loan receivers, however, seemed happy and looked unconcerned about the interest
rate. For them getting the loan easily in their own area without complicated paper work was
more valuable than the interest rate. The Cooperative in Udi of Ilampokhari VDC is
providing loan to the micro hydro project also. This cooperative was however, established
about two decades before the CCA project was initiated in the area. The cooperative
interestingly being managed by women leadership has a huge sum of money and loans are
being given even for those who wanted to go for foreign jobs.
Recently one Agriculture Cooperative has been registered in Pyarjung VDC with the support
from the CCA project. It includes 222 members from all six VDCs. The total share amount is
NRs. 781,300.00 and the saving amount is NRs. 59265.00, which leads to the total fund of
NRs. 1,094,615.00. Out of that total fund, NRs. 980,000.00 has been provided to the
members as loan for income generation enterprises. This new Agriculture Cooperative in
Pyarjung VDC needs further support for enhancing its capacity in book-keeping and
accounting and office management. At the present stage, it is too early to make final
conclusion about this Agriculture Cooperative.
Objective 3.3: Capacitate at least 50 community organizations from 6 VDCs in Lamjung
District to conserve forest, prevent and prepare for disaster risk reduction in 3 years.
7.2.3: Progress related to specific Outcome under objective 3
7.2.3.1 VEEC in consultation with PMCs has prepared at least two proposals and
submitted to funding agencies
The CCA project has supported the Village Energy and Environment Committee (VEEC) in
consultation with PMCs to develop proposal for conservation activities for funding from
different sources. The VEEC prepared and submitted seven (7) proposals to the VDCs and
DDCs and secured funding for three (3) programs. At the present state, they are not capable
to develop such proposal independtly and require more training to make them ready to do this
job without the external support.The project organized different types of trainings to enhance
capacity of the CBOs in different areas to make them able to lead and manage projects
locally.
29
7.2.3.2 VEEC has developed and is capable of enforcing environmental and safety
guidelines:
VEEC guidelines for environmentally sensitive infrastructure development practices are
developed and agreed and available for use.
7.2.3.3 At least three identified risk and vulnerabilities created through unplanned road
construction
Four locations were identified as landslide prone road sides in the road construction area and
are reduced by erecting retaining walls and plantation around.
7.2.3.4: 130 people are employed for three months
135 people have been employed with a total of 965 man days of employment to generate
income from work locally.
7.2.3.4: 50% of the executive members in the groups in the communities come from
women and Dalits, participation of women in social institutions, business and politics is
increased by at least 50%
13.3% of the executive members in the groups and social committees are elected from
women and Dalits (a total of 96 out of 729 members are elected in different social
committees till date). 12.6 % percent of executive members in the social committees (92 out
of 729 such members) come from women.
7.2.3.5 VEEC, SACCOs and CFUCs will advocate for at least one common issue related
to forest conservation, climate change, DRR and energy use issue each year:
VEEC, has been raising issues related to these local manpower for road construction and
women groups have been raising issues that women should be represented in at least one vital
post (Chairperson, secretary and treasure) in local level institutions.
7.2.3.6 At least SALT(Slope land Agriculture Technology) is adopted in each VDC:
One community in the project area has adopted SLAT methodology of agri-business through
the plantation of broom grass. Sagrabas Bangswanra is designated as SLAT implementation
site. One hundred and sixty (160) community members gained confidence in activities they are
involved in from demonstration effects during four (4) exposure visits for adopting SALT
technology in their degraded land. The team observed that the community has planted broom
grass in the Sagrabas Bangswanra area community forest. Though this activity is
commendable, the team is concerned about the SALT technology as it is just a bioengineering or vegetative method of restoration of degraded land and landslide control, rather
than an agricultural technology.
7.2.3.7: 20% increase in vegetation (CFUG, youth club and school)
Community-based forest conservation and management is one of the successful programs in
Nepal. CCA project has achieved the target of commuity-based forest management program
30
more than its target. The community organizations operating in the project area are 28
CFUGs, 6 PMCs 15 Women’s Groups and 1 VEEC. The project has sensitized these
organizations on natural resources conservation and disaster management by providing
training on forest conservation and climate change adaptation along with exposure. These
have helped in enhancing capacity of the local community, and have empowered community
organizations to conserve forest, and contributed to energy conservation and management.
The project has organized training for community forest user Groups (CFUCs) on
conservation, climate change and plantation for 2 days. The training encouraged the CFUG
members for the plantation in the fallow and degraded lands in the conmmunity forest.
Due to plantation activities the forest area has increased by 34%. Community members of all
socioeconomic groups were mobilized ranging from mothers’ groups to CFUG members to
youth clubs and school children onplantation program. It is reported that the forest area cover
increased additionally by 178 hectatres through plantation in marginal land by CFUGs and
schools. The team concludes that the forest development is a long term program and hence,
needs more time to make its impacts visible.
7.2.3.8: Community people have adopted climate change adaptation strategies in the
choice of crops, forest conservation and the use and conservation of water resources
Community people have adopted climate resilient measures in the choice of crops such as
ginger farming and the use of plastic tunnel to regulate water and temperature for vegetable
farming.
The project has conducted training in climate change adaptation to make the community
members aware about the climate change issues, impacts and adaptation strategy in crop
production. Altogether 368persons were trained on climate change adaptation on ten events.
The local respondents during the group discussion reported that different strategies were
adopted on climate impact mitigation in their area. The team noticed that the local farmers
needed further training to provide different adaptation strategies to cope with climate change
impact.
7.2.3.9: 42 PMCs and one VEEC in the project area has a disaster risk reduction plan
As per Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development guideline one local disaster risk
management plan (LDRMP) has to be prepared per VDC. Following the ministry guideline
one LDRMP has been prepared per VDC. Total five numbers of VDC level committees
formed till date and each those five VDCs have developed disaster risk reduction plan as
well.
CCA project has provided training on disaster risk reduction (DRR) managementstrategies to
reduce vulnerability from multiple hazards. Some 182community people were trained on
DRR. The study team did not findany activities related to DRR. The evaluation team suggests
that the DRR plan and programs should be institutionalized in the VDC level program and
budget.
31
7.3 Analysis from field study:
During the course of study few questions were asked to the communities to measure the
relevance and effectiveness of the project as follows.
7.3.1 Climate Change adaptation strategy:
Communities were asked what actually could be the strategy for adaption to climate change
related hazards. Following were the perception from the community that serves as adaptation
strategy in case of climate change.
List of CC adaptation strategy
1. Forest conservation
2. Alternative energy
3. Water transportation for Irrigation from
stream
4. Off season crop
5. Plantation/fodder/fruit trees
6. Environmental conservation activities
7. Reduced wood consumption
7.3.2 Community perception related to impact/ achievement of the project:
The majority of the HHs (66%) reported that lighting in the village and sanitation were the
main improvement they have felt due to the project, followed by time saving (46% HH) from
milling, and firewood collection, particularly for the women due to rural electrification,
installation of ICS, and biogas as summarized in table 3 below.
Table 4: Perceived benefits at HH level
Perceived benefits
Increased income
Saved time
Lighting &sanitation
Education, information,
Percent
30%
46%
66%
38%
7.3.3: Community motivation on the project:
Majority of the respondent (88%) were motivated in the CCA project activities due to the
training and skill development programs through the project. For about 34 % respondents the
cash crop seeds and material supports were the motivating factors (Table 4). It seems that the
training and skill enhancement activities will be more fruitful and sustainable to design and
execute future programs.
Table :5 Motivation to participate in CCA programs
Motivating factors
Percent
Seed and materials supports
34%
32
Training and skill
Electricity
Health and sanitation
ICS
88%
18%
24%
28%
8. Project partnership, organization, management and monitoring
8.1 Partnership modalities
The project was mainly funded by LWR and implemented by COPPADES Nepal in
partnership with community-based organizations in the respective VDCs at the local level
and district level government organizations. The district level government partner
organizations were the District Development Committee, District Water Supply and
Sanitation Office, District Agriculture Office, District Forest Office and Nepal Electricity
Authority. COPPADES has maintained working relationship with these agencies and have
been working more closely with Village Development Committee. Because of close
collaboration and relationship, COPPADES has been able to align its program with Nepal
government policy and has been successful in acquiring support from the government to
agencies such as DDC and VDC to implement the alternative energy program. Similarly, the
programs are being implemented in partnership with local CBOs, mother groups, and
cooperatives.
The evaluation team found that CBOs, VDC and District level government offices including
DDC have been involved in the implementation, which has contributed to make the program
successful such as electricity, biogas, and sanitation (ODF) programs including the operation
of cooperatives. It has increased the ownership among the partners and communities. The
team recommends continuing this relationship at the district and local level including private
sectors (market) and working together to run the program for improving the rural livelihood
and sustainable development.
8.2. Finance management
8.2.1.Basis of financial evaluation:
The evaluation team conducted the financial evaluation on the basis of documents made
available by COPPADES. As per the report provided the evaluation team didn’t find any
major concerns regarding project financial management as the process followed were enough
to ensure transparency and accuracy of document.
8.2.2. Accountability and transparency
The project has made effort to maintain transparency and accountability towards
stakeholders, donors and communities. COPPADES submits project progress in the review
meeting of the DDC, and the project is listed in the district plan of Lamjung DDC.
COPPADES board is also informed about the project progress periodically. At the
community level COPPADES conducts social audit where communities have opportunity to
critique on the project.
33
8.2.3. Book keeping system
Double entry book keeping system is followed by the project. The accounting system follows
the generally accepted standards and process.
8.2.4.Compliance with General Agreement
Financial and project progress reporting are maintained at fairly good level of compliance
with the norms of the Project Agreement.
8.2.5 Compliance with Tax Laws
Local tax rules and process have been followed as per in country tax law and policy.
8.2.6 Internal Control System
Adequate mechanisms have been made to ensure the internal control mechanism of the
project.
8.2.7 Auditing
Statutory Audit of COPPEDES Nepal has been carried out annually by registered auditors
decided by COPPADES board. Evaluators did not notice any major discrepancies in the
accounting and internal control system by the evaluators.
8.2.8 Program and Administrative Budget
As per the cash flow table data reviewed the total administrative cost was 32% and the
program cost was 68%. From the above figure, the evaluators are of the opinion that the
administrative cost of CCA project is slightly higher in ratio than normal practice of most of
the development projects where the administrative costs normally do not exceed 20% of the
total project budget. However, it should be noted that some of the costs that could be well
justified under program activities cost heading are found to be listed under administrative
cost. This has made impact on administration/program cost ratio. Due to exchange gain there
has been last minute spending pressure on COPPADES as huge amount has to be spent in last
quarter of the project. Nevertheless, it would be desirable to use such leftover money in the
project activities within the set time frame.
9. Project reporting and monitoring
The project has produced regular reports, posters, leaflets and audio-visual monitoring tool as
planned. The reports give an idea of work-in-progress, further; the project has produced
reports of the project on quarterly and yearly basis.
The team recommends combination of staff meeting of the project progress along with
participatory monitoring to enhance the reliability and ownership of the project among
project beneficiaries. Preparing baseline at the beginning of the project is crucial for
comparing the progress of the project. In addition, it is recommended to use participatory
self-monitoring, public auditing regularly for cost efficient monitoring and to increase the
feeling of ownership among the stakeholders.
10. Assessment of Project response to challenges and gaps
The team has identified the following main challenges for the project implementation.
Generally, the project has implemented most of its activities successfully according to the
34
plan and turned most of the challenges into opportunities. The highlight features in this
respect are as follows:





Despite unstable political situation and increasing influences of the party politics
and remoteness of the area, the CCA project has successfully faced these
challenges and implemented the activities effectively and empowered local
communities by developing a working environment and establishing close
coordination among different concerned partners and developmental agencies
and political parties.
In the absence of elected district and local bodies and limited capacity of the
local government staff at VDC level to address emerging issues on climate
change disaster reduction programs and income generating activities could not be
institutionalized effectively.
It was also a challenge to implement the different activities mentioned in DRR
plan at VDC level because of limited capacity of the VDC.
Youth migration, labour shortage and limited marketing opportunities for
agricultural products were the challenges to increase the farm income through
agriculture-based farming activities and livelihood improvement. The project
seemed to achieve limited success to handle this situation.
Short term (three years) project activities in remote area with limited knowledge
and capacity in the agriculture farming, micro-hydro power and cooperatives
may not continue to function in the future if the project wraps- up without any
follow up support program. Additionally, the team noticed that some specific
objectives and outcomes were partly addressed within the project time periods
such as climate change adaptation strategies and disaster risk reduction plan and
activities.
11. Project relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability and
replicability
11.1. Relevance
Overall, the team found that clean energy and livelihood support activities of the project such
as village electrification through micro-hydro, national grid extension, solar PV installation
biogas and ICS installation, sanitation and formation of the cooperatives and CBOs and
livelihood improvement activities were very relevant in this area. The project is in line with
the government policies to increase rural electrification, forest conservation, enhancing health
and sanitation condition and reducing vulnerability from the climate change impact including
the global objectives of reducing carbon emission.
Global level relevance: The project is relevant at the global level as the activities of the
project led to forest conservation and development, which are the most effective methods
available at present to mitigate the CO2 emission. Some of the noticeable activities
contributing to mitigating carbon emission are clean energy programs (MH, biogas and ICS)
and forest conservation program.
National level relevance: The project has also supported national policy and programs such
as the rural electrification, sanitation, forest conservation, climate change adaptation and
livelihood improvement programs. Recently, the Ministry of Forest and Soil conservation has
35
declared Forest decade (2071- 2081 BS) and project activities have supported the forest
conservation and management.
Local level relevance: The project has high relevance and multiple benefits from activities
like rural electrification, sanitation and energy use for cooking at local level. Additionally,
the project activities on sensitization of climate change adaptation, income generating
activities, capacity enhancement of the rural communities particularly, women and
cooperative formation are considered locally relevant activities.
The project has demonstrated how work at a small unit of area can contribute to achieve
national and global goals and successfully capture the meaning of the popular saying “think
globally and act locally”.
11.2. Efficiency and effectiveness
The project has high level of efficiency as most of the program activities were accomplished
as planned and the budget spending is also 100% against the target. Although the project is
effective in reaching the most marginalized target communities, it is not that cost effective as
the proportion of administrative cost is nearly 32%. The team found that the project has been
implemented with a high degree of efficiency and has been effective in reaching target group
as planned, mainly due to the following factors:
 The project has implemented its programs in remote villages where rural people are
deprived of many basic infrastructures with activities to support their livelihood
 Clear working modality with district government agencies (DDC), VDC and local
CBO partners based on joint yearly work plans.
 Highly efficient because the project was able to mobilize more external resources
from the local and government agencies to implement the project programs
particularly on micro- hydro, biogas and toilet construction.
 Establishment of good professional relations and coordination among the GOs,
CBOs, and project staff.
 Field activities implemented through local level institutions and participation of
targeted group members including VDC personnel.
 All the stakeholders (GOs), local leaders, communities and women internalized the
project and were actively involved in the project activities.
 The project staff team is qualified, well trained, committed and efficient. Most of the
members are local, young and energetic. Presence of young, energetic and dedicated
women staffs also played important role in the success of the project.
 All activities were linked-up with the district line agencies from the very beginning.
 The VDC and community level committees such as the rural electricity consumer
committees, micro-hydro management committees, cooperatives, mother's groups
and so on are relatively easy to work with compared to any rigid formal groups
particularly on dealing with community issues even in the absence of elected local
government.
 The activities such as rural electrification, ICS construction and sanitation were
found highly effective particularly for women because of the multiple benefits
associated with these programs. It saved significant amount of women’s time for
milling and grinding, firewood collection, cooking, sanitation and cleaning. The use
of electricity also has provided them exposure to the outside world through the TV
and other forms of communication such as mobile phones and radios.
36
The team noticed that some activities were relatively less effective, for example, forest
nursery management and entrepreneurship development, potato and ginger farming and small
structure for bio-engineering along the rural road. The short term input supports and capacity
enhancement activities and lack of follow up might have constrained their full success. We
recommend for the continuation of this program for additional period and with a focus on
income generative activities useful for retaining community youths in the villages...
11.3 Sustainability
The team’s field visit confirmed the expectations of sustainability expressed in earlier
reviews and reports. The chance of sustainability of most of the project achievements is
assessed as relatively good as they are in line with the government policy and program. Local
institutions and CBOs are actively working in the programs and thus can be said that project
interventions are sustainable from the ownership viewpoint. The project has provided support
to the PMCs, VEEC, CFUGs, SACOS, Farmers' Groups and Women Groups. Such supports
are in the form of capacity building training, exposure visits and material supports to enhance
local capacity and involve them in the project activities. Furthermore, the project activities
are need-based in rural areas where utilization of local resources and rural livelihood
improvement activities are vital. Therefore, activities implemented by the project should not
have any serious problem to run continuously in the future.
Sustainability of the interventions assumed on the basis of the following:
 Institutional setup for running the program activities such as micro-hydro (MH), rural
electrification, cooperatives along with representation from all groups, gender and
caste are in place and properly functioning.
 High degree of ownership of the project achievements and active participation by the
local communities.
 The local communities are trained for maintenance and operation activities in MH
and rural electrification.
 Resource generation is continuous particularly in micro-hydro and rural
electrification to run the project.
 The Government offices (DDC, VDC) are closely involved in coordination and
implementation of project activities.
The team noticed that within three years period, it is difficult to expect sustainability in
livelihood programs which require support and follow up for some additional years, for
example, commercial farming may not sustain without adequate financial and technical
resources in the face of limited labor force (in the purview of youth migration), accessibility
and the link to the market. Similarly, the six cooperatives formed need continuous follow up
for few years to become mature. In the household survey conducted in the course of the
survey 44% HHs requested for follow-up activities by the project for sustaining ongoing
initiatives (Table 6). The project team has been working in close collaboration with the DDC,
DADO, DFO, local VDCs and other GOs and NGOs, and therefore, have chances of
continuation of the program even after COPPADES presence phases out from the area. These
strategies should help in achieving sustainability of the project activities, outputs and
outcomes.
37
Table 5: Perception: Can CCA program sustain without external support?
Perception
Percent
No
44.0
Yes
56.0
11.4: Replicability
The scope of replication of successful project approach, various strategies and activities have
already been described in previous paragraphs. The rural electrification program that has
been initiated generating resources from different sources such as government and
nongovernment organizations can be a model for other communities across Nepal.
Combination of open defecation free zones (ODFZs), indoor air pollution free zones
(IAPFZs) and rural electrification can be a model program for other villages. Construction of
ICS covering whole community and declaring the entire community smoke free is a good
initiative that can be replicated in other places as well.
11.5:Synergy of the Project
Natural resource conservation and management and livelihood improvement through
community mobilization exihibited to have synergic efffect on community mobilization and
development activities as a whole. The community-based project activities such as micro
hydro, biogas, improved cooking stoves, sanitation, and rural electrification with income
generating activities have significantly changed the appearance of the village and enhanced
the quality of life while reducing workload ofwomen. As a reuslt of the project forest
resources are better conserved and new income opportunities have been created in the village
in the form of commericial farming and enterpunership development. Development of village
tourism also seems to be a feasible opportunity in the future. Installation of clean energy and
alternative energy infrastructure and sanitation progarmshave resulted in multiple benefits in
the project sites.
12. Conclusion
The project has adopted participatory approach involving local and district level government
organizations and community organizations from planning to implementation of the project
activities. The CCA project was found relevant and has generally been implemented in an
effective and efficient way. It was especially efficient because it has successfully been
mobilizing resources from local to district level authorities to implement the project program
particularly on micro-hydro, biogas and toilet construction. The project has duly supported
the government policy and programs in the development of remote area of the district.
The project has achieved considerable success in promoting alternative energy, hygiene and
sanitation, reduction in firewood consumption and improvement in forest conservation as
well as income generating activities through diversified farm income. The evaluation showed
that most of the activities have been accomplished as targeted. The project has achieved a
high degree success on awareness about sanitation, environment conservation, climate change
impacts, reduction in workload of women, increased employment opportunities and income,
and enhancing ownership of the program among the communities. The programs on micro
hydro promotion and sanitation are replicable to other communities and areas. HH data shows
that project activities should prioritize to ensure the food security of many HHs especially the
marginalized HHs such as disadvantaged groups. They should be provided with income
38
generation opportunities through off- farm activities. The area has a high potential for organic
farming and off-season vegetable production, and so, the activities should be linked to the
government’s present policy on agriculture sector development particularly in enhancing
youth employment. Mobilizing the communities and local resources to promote micro hydro
in the remote area is very impressive and can be replicated in similar kind of setting in the
country. The provision of electricity and access of agriculture products to the market should
be encouraged. The villagers of the CCA project area should be engaged in commercial
farming and other income generating activities to motivate youths to stay in their villages and
contribute to the development of the area. The project should not be just confined to
subsistence farming but also focus on large scale production so that employment can be
generated at the community level.
The financial evaluation of the project has shown that CCA project has followed good
accounting practice and kept every financial record up-to-date. However, the financial
statement showed that project operating cost is relatively higher in general than normal
practice of developmental projects. There is need to expedite project implementation as the
budget not been fully utilized at the time of final evaluation.
12.1 Lessons learnt
The rural communities have limited resources and they are unaware about resource
mobilization and climate change issues. The team learnt that coordination and collaboration
with local and district level government organizations, stakeholders and community
organizations have significant impact on resource mobilization. A large amount of resources
have been mobilized on promotion of micro-hydro, sanitation, and alternative energy areas.
Due to provision of alternative powered sources young people have found their village more
attractive than before, women are experiencing less work burden and forest resources are
being conserved, and therefore, it can be said that power has multiple dimensions. Even in the
absence of elected government at the local level and district level it has been possible to
generate fair amount of resources locally as a result of good social mobilization.
12.2 Recommendations
The following recommendations have been made for the continuation of the program:
 It would be good if CCA program was designed in a detailed manner making it more
location specific. More detailed planning makes it possible to address local needs
more precisely and it is also possible to institutionalize it for sustainability.
 Technical training should be provided for maintenance of the micro hydro.
 Entrepreneurship should be developed in cash crop farming and linked to the market.
 Possibility of better coordination exists for increased participation/ ownership by
district level line agencies to address the issue of climate change adaptation and
employment generation at local level.
 Additional efforts have to be made to link some of the activities such as training, skill
development initiatives, agriculture activities with the mainstream programs of Nepal
government and emphasis should also be laid on the formation of the cooperatives.
39
Reference
1.ProgressReport, CCA Project, COPPADES in different time Periods
2. Project Proposal of the CCA Project, COPPADES, Lamjung
3. Midterm Evaluation Report, CCA Project, COPPADES, Lamjung
4. Financial Report, CCA Project, 2014 COPPADES, Lamjung
5. IPCC 2013 Report.
6. MOE, 2010. NAPA Report, Minsitry of Environment, GON, Nepal.
7. Tiwari,K.R., Rayamajhi, S.R, Pokharel, R.K., Balla, M.K. (2014). Does Nepal’s Climate
Change Adaptation Policy and Practices Address Poor and Vulnerable Communities?Journal
of Law, Policy and Globalization, Vol 23. Pp 28-38.
8. Tiwari,K.R.,Rayamajhi, S.R, Pokharel, R.K., Balla, M.K. (2014). Determinants of the
Climate Change Adaptation in Rural Farming in Nepal Himalaya. International Journal of
Multidisciplinary and Current Research,Vol 2Pp 334-340.
40
Appendix
List of Annex
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Term of Reference (TOR) for Final Evaluation
Evaluation format
Household level questionnaire
Field visit plan
Project Target and Achievement Analysis
Interactions with community members at Field visit list
Field photo during field visit
41
Annex 1. Term of Reference (TOR) for Final Evaluation of CCA Project
implemented by COPPADES in Lamjung District
1. BACKGROUND AND
CONTEXT
COPPADES has implemented Community Led Climate Change Adaptation Project (CCA
Project) for the last four and a half years with the financial support of Lutheran World Relief.
The objectives of the project have been to provide access to renewable energy through
infrastructure development; increase income of the community people through the
development of sustainable sources of income; prevent deforestation by promoting
reforestation and using newly created infrastructure; and, enhance capacity of the community
organizations to address issues related with climate change and disasters.
The project was agreed upon by COPPADES and Lutheran World Relief, USA with the
funding support of USD$ USD $ 298155 to cover the five VDCs, namely, Ilampokhari,
Kolki, Gauda, Pyarjung, Rainas Mohariyakot and 7, 8 and 9 wards of Bichour VDC..
The overall goal of the project has been “to increase the disaster resiliency of 2,448 families
and 6 VDCs of Lamjung District” and the specific objectives are:
1. 2448 households have access to at least one form of alternative and clean energy,
reducing their dependence on lumber as a fuel source in 3 years
2. Promote agriculture based income generation and self-employment opportunities to
2448 households in 6 VDCs of Lamjung in 3 years.
3. Capacitate at least 50 community organizations from 6 VDCs in Lamjung District to
conserve forest, prevent and prepare for disaster risk reduction in 3 years.
2. EVALUATION
PURPOSE
Purpose of evaluation
The purpose of this evaluation is to assess the effectiveness of the project, evaluate the
intended results and provide an insight on the project design and project implementation
thereby shedding light on the outcomes achieved. This is also to provide feedback for the
organization (COPPADES) on how to carry forward the positive results and give proper
directions to the future projects it plans to implement.
Objectives of project evaluation:
1. To Assess and describe the outcome and impact level results with given respective
indicators of the CCA project –, as well as the major factors that influenced results
2. To assess the overall extent of the project performance considering the relevancy,
efficiency and effectiveness, impact and sustainability of the interventions
3. To document and highlight the evidence based project, strength best learning ,
implementing approach, weaknesses, and challenges on the major components of
the CCA project and provide specific and clear recommendations for the future
42
3. EVALUATION
P
SCO
E
Geographically, the CCA Project has reached to six VDCs in Lamjung District, namely,
Bichour, Ilampokhari, Kolki, Pyarjung, Gauda and Mohariyakot. Among these six VDCs
only three wards of Bichour are included and in Kolki some words are included at a later
stage of the project except the one initially included. The reason for this later inclusion is that
the VDC was under impact with a similar project with the funding support of Give2Asia,
another donor organization based in the USA.
The project has its focus on reforestation and strengthening social committees in the area to
promote and manage local natural resources. Appropriate training and agro based incomegenerating activities are encouraged by the project in order to contributive to environmental
conservation and local capacity to adapt to climate change and coping with disasters. The
evaluator needs to assess the project based on project objectives, major components and
given evaluation objectives – ToR. The assessment will include the preparatory phase, field
work and analysis and write up phases.
4. EVALUATION
QUESTIONS
43
Evaluation criteria and questions
Key Question for evaluation objective 1:
•
To what extent intended outcome are achieved by the project
•
What are the significant changes in the life of target beneficiaries and
communities?
•
Are there any behavioral and intuitional changes occurred at the community level
due to this project?
Key Question for evaluation objective 2:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Relevance: assessment of the relevance of the project with respect to the needs and
aspirations of the beneficiaries and with the project documents.
Efficiency: assessment of the project’s success in producing each of the
programmed outputs to date, both in terms of quantity and quality as well as their
usefulness and timeliness.
Effectiveness: assessment of the extent to which project objectives have been
achieved and to what extent the achievement is the result of the program.
Impact: evaluation of the project success so far in achieving its impacts and how
project affects to other constituencies than the targeted.
Sustainability: analysis of the persistence of project results and impact in the
medium and long term and main risks, which might affect the sustainability.
Coordination, collaboration, complementarities, coherence: the assessment
shall verify the feasibility of the Project’s institutional framework and identify any
needs to improve it and way forward. How can we make policy advocacy for
change through the learning from this project?
Key Question for evaluation objective 3:
•
•
•
What are the key strength, best learning, and implementing approach of the
project?
What are the major issues and challenges faced by the project management?
What are the specific and clear recommendations for consideration for future
i.
5. EVALUATION
METHODOLOGY
COPPADES prefers to use the mixed methods - quantitative and qualitative for this
evaluation however, the evaluation team may use any other techniques as deemed
appropriate and . The evaluator need to prepare evaluation plan or matrix ), which includes
what is being evaluated and why, showing how each evaluation question will be answered
by way of: proposed methods, proposed sources of data, sampling methodology, and data
collection procedures. We also encourage to evaluator to use some standard evaluation
methods like “With and Without; “Before and After using baseline data”; also using proper
sampling techniques etc for justifying the attribution of the project covers the project
results.
44
1. Desk review of key project documents
2. Literature search and review of material on the environment in which the project
operates
3. Review of evaluations and annual reports of other projects in the same sector and
with the same/similar
target population
4. Interviews of representatives of other project stakeholders
5. Focus groups and key informant interviews of the beneficiary population
6. Physical site inspections
6. EVALUATION
DELIVERABLES
We expect the following deliverables from the entire exercise:
1. Inception
report
2. Finalized
data collection
tools 3.Draft
report
4.Final report (with methodologies, questions, field notes and work documents as appropriate)
7. IMPLEMENTATION
ARRANGEMENTS
The evaluation contract will be finalized based on the standard service contract as per this
Term of Reference (TOR). The payment for the service can be agreed between parties of the
service contract. It is expected that the entire evaluation must be completed by the end of
September 2014. COPPADES personnel will assist the evaluation team for any logistics as
requested with proper distance between implementing staff and the evaluation team so as to
allow a free and fair working environment for the evaluators. Hence, the evaluator is
expected to outline their expectation for the sake of effective operation of the evaluation
exercise and let COPPADES know in advance.
8. EVALUATION
TIMEFRAME
The evaluation is expected to start by the 15th of August 2014 and be completed no later than
28 September 2014.
The timeframe could look like this:
45
Contract agreement with the consultant
17 August 2014
Mobilization for the assignment by consultant
20 August 2014
Inception report
30 August 2014
Finalization of Data collection tools by consultant
5 September 2014
Draft Report submission by consultant
20 September 2014
Final report submission by consultant
29 September 2014
9. EVALUATOR
UALIFICATIONS
AND APPLICATION
PROCESS
COPPADES is open to an individual or a team of consultants for this assignment. An
Expression of Interest should demonstrate the following criteria:
1. Demonstrated capacity of the consultant (s) to conduct evaluation,
research/studies/assessments of similar magnitude and development themes ( especially
in climate change and climate smart agriculture and similar areas)
2. Technical proposal outlining understanding of the assignment and proposed evaluation
plan and methodology
3. Cost effectiveness of the proposed budget to achieve the assessment objectives
Ideally, the consultant should have the following qualification and experiences:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Seven years of professional experience in conducting project evaluation. The team
leader must have solid experience in conducting evaluation of climate change, smart
agriculture development and similar activities. (CVs of team members to
recommended)
Extensive knowledge on agriculture, climate adaptation, food security and
livelihoods, agro-forestry etc.
systems
Experience applying participatory evaluation methodologies
Capacity to analyze qualitative and quantitative data in a systematic way
Ability to present complex information in a concise, clear and accessible way
Be an excellent writer (in English), and have outstanding analysis, and
communication skills
Interested consultants are requested to prepare an Expression of Interest and provide
evidence to support claims of knowledge, skills and experience:
• A proposal on how to fulfill the TOR, including sample timeline and budgetary
requirements.
• Resumes of potential consulting team members, and references
• Feedback on this TOR, and questions
46
Expression of Interest should be sent to Dikendra Kandel, Executive Chairman of
COPPADES at email: coppades.lamjung@gmail.com by August 15, 2014.
COPPADES Lamjung (for hand delivery)
Sera Bazaar, Besisahar, Lamjung
Phone Number: 066520769
COST
The cost would be negotiated between COPPADES and the contractor and based on the
qualification and experience of the contractor to do the job.
DISSEMINATION AND USE
The main audience of the evaluation include the COPPADES board and staff that are
responsible for supervising and implementing the project. The report will also be made
available to Social Welfare Council (SWC). Also intent on seeing the report would be
Lutheran world Relief, the funding organization for the CCA Project. The report will also be
used for other donors, funding partners and regulatory authorities wanting to see the
performance of COPPADES as a community development organization. The summary of the
evaluation will also be shared among VDC, district agencies and other collaborating partners.
Annex 2. Final Evaluation- format
47
Project title: Community led climate change adaptation
Objective 1. 2448 households have access to at least one form of alternative and clean energy
1.Major activities: Built Micro Hydro Plant……
Activities
Base line
study
Activiti
estools
Target
Achievement
Gap/Progr
ess
Outcomes
Remark
s
1.1 MH
1.2 Grid








Sustainability of the program
Coordination with other programs/ GO/NGOs
Replication for success
Sensitization to GO and other stakeholders
Policy influence (Does institutionalized practice)
Overall impact in the community
What about vulnerable groups, women role and participation in plan
Others….
2.Major activities: ICS/ Biogas
Activities
Base line
study
Activitie
s-tools
Targ
et
Achievemen
t
Gap/Pro
gress
Outcomes
Remark
s
1.1 ICS
1.2 Biogas
1.3








Sustainability of the program
Coordination with other programs/ GO/NGOs
Replication for success
Sensitization to GO and other stakeholders
Policy influence (Does institutionalized practice)
Overall impact in the community
What about vulnerable groups,women role and participation
Others….
3. Major activities: Solar PV system
Activi
ties
Base line
study
Activitiestools
Targe
t
Achievemen
t
Gap/Progre
ss
Outcomes
Remark
s
1.1
1.2
48







Sustainability of the program
Coordination with other programs/ GO/NGOs
Replication for success
Sensitization to GO and other stakeholders
Policy influence (Does institutionalized practice)
Overall impact in the community
Others….
Objectives 2: Promote agriculture based income generation and self-employment
opportunities to 2448 households in 6 VDCs
Major Activities: Training for Vegetable/potato/ ginger production/ forest
nursery
Activi
ties
Base
study
line
Activities-tools
Target
Achievemen
t
Gap/Progre
ss
Outcome
s
Remarks
1.1
1.2
Major Activities: Training and support for Bee keeping
Activi
ties
Base
study
line
Activitiestools
Target
Achievement
Gap/Progres
s
Outcome
s
Rema
rks
1.1
1.2
Major Activities: Training and support for Cooperative management
Activi
ties
Base
study
line
Activitiestools
Target
Achievemen
t
Gap/Progre
ss
Outcome
s
Remark
s
1.1
1.2
49
Objective 3. At least 50 community organizations from 6 VDCs in Lamjung
District have enhanced capacity to conserve forest, prevent and prepare for
disaster risk reduction in 3 years.
Major Activities: Support on institutional development
Activi
ties
Base line
study
Activitiestools
Targe
t
Achievemen
t
Gap/Progres
s
Outcomes
Remark
s
1.1
1.2
Major Activities: VEEC Management training and others trainings
Activi
ties
Base line
study
Activitiestools
Targe
t
Achievemen
t
Gap/Progres
s
Outcomes
Remark
s
1.1
1.2
Major Activities: Support VEEC to maintain the rural infrastructure through labor
intensive employment practice
Activi
ties
Base line
study
Activitiestools
Targe
t
Achievemen
t
Gap/Progres
s
Outcomes
Remark
s
1.1
1.2










Over all assessment in each activities and outcomes with following parameters
Relevancy
Efficiency and effectiveness
Sustainability of the program
Coordination with other programs/ GO/NGOs
Replication for success
Sensitization to GO and other stakeholders
Policy influence (Does institutionalized practice)
Overall impact in the community
What about vulnerable groups,women role and participation
Others….
50
Annex 3. Questionnaire for Household Survey
Greetings!Final Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation Project implemented by
COPPADES, Lamjung. The information filled in this questionnaire will be confidential and will
be used for project evaluation purpose. Name of any individual will not be published anywhere
relating to information given in this questionnaire. Please feel free to answer the questions regarding
beneficiaries and livelihood improvement from the project at your HH level.
Village
Ward
Section 1. HH Characteristics
1. Beneficiaries Name:
2 Sexes: A. Female B. Male
Q. No.4: Age:
3.Main occupation?
Family members occupation
4. Education (Yrs of school):
5. Family members in your house:
a. Male:
b. Female
6. Please explain area of your land by land type? (Ropani)
Bari in ……… Irrigated khet in …… Others…
Total area …..
7. Main Cropping Patterns Bari:
Yield per Ropani:
Khet
(Kg) in bari land
8. Do you have livestock? a. Yes
b. No
Khet (Kg)
of Livestock
9. Please describe your household cash income in last year (in Rs)
Farm source
Sale of food grains
Pulses/Oilseed
Vegetable
Fruits
Livestock sale
Livestock products
NTFP/forest product
Other
Total
Grand total
Rs.
Off farm sources
Rs.
Business
Salary
Off farm wage
Remittance
Pension
Bank interest
Bonus
Other
Total
51
10. Whether your farm production is sufficient for your annual HH consumptions? a.Yes b. no
If no, No of months sufficient
11. Alternatives to fulfill the food requirements at HH level
1………………………. 2.
3.
Section 2. Project activities, beneficiaries and impact on livelihood
12.Do you know about Community Led Climate Change Adaptation Project ? a. Yes
If yes , What are the activities done in your village?
1.
2.
3.
4.
13.Are you benefitted from the project ? a. Yes
B. No
If Yes, How you benefit ?
1.
2
3
4.
14 Does this benefit improved your livelihood? a. Yes
B. No
B. No
If Yes: How
If No : Why
15. What are the motivating factors that encouraged you to adopt these activities?
1.
2
3
4.
16. Are you able to continue implement these activities in your HH level without any support? a.Yes
b. NO
If no. What are the difficulties?
17 . What are the climate-related hazards faced in the last 5 years?
18. Are you affected from these hazards?
If yes , how you affected ?
19. What are the adaptations practices in your farm level to minimized hazards?
1.
2.
3.
QNo.20. Is there any institutions that help to in farming in your locality? A. Yes
QNo.21 . Are you member of any organization or groups?
QNo. 23. If yes since how long you are members?
a. Yes
B. No
B. No
Since………..years
QNo 24. Pls. kindly explain that you benefitted from that organization ?
52
QNo. 25. What are the opportunities and constraints for integration of climate change adaption
measures by local farmers?
Opportunities
1
2
Constraints
1.
2.
Thank you
Annex 4
Field Visit plan and activities
Bhadra 15 to 20, 2071. (31 August to 5th Sept, 2014).
Date
Time/ Place
Activities/ consultations
31 August
Around 3-4 PM project
office, Beshishar, Lamjung
Meeting with project personals and collect project report, discuss
field visit sites
1September
10.30 to 11.30, DDC, and
Meeting with district line agencies (DDC, ADO, DFO …),
12.30 departure for field
Departure for field visit
2nd. September
VDC 1
Meeting and consultation with VDC level ( proposed three
VDC), different community groups: Hydro power, ICS,
vegetable groups, Ginger groups, youth and mother groups…..
3rd
VDC 2
Do
4th
VDC 3
Do
5th Sept
Return from field
Review the field plan
Household survey from local enumerators from project staffs at least 200 HH covering all six VDC (one week)
23rd. Sept
First Draft report submission and presentation
Details field sites will be finalized after consultation with Project personals.
53
Annex 5 : Project Target and Achievement analysis
Objective 1:
2448 households have access to at least one form of alternative and clean energy, reducing their dependence on timber as a
fuel source in 3 years
Activity
Target/Indicator(s)
Outputs
Outcomes
Achievement
Remarks
1.1Build 1 micro
hydro
 Electricity to 150
households
 One micro hydro
plant installed
 At least two
local industries
 2micro hydro
established
 Four local
industries from
micro hydro and
computer class in
one school
 186 households have
access to clean energy
from.. micro hydro
 Four husking mills, one
(1) furniture mills and
one computer class
 Achieved
 Limited supply Energy supply
insufficient for many
other uses and
industries
 Maintenance/repair –
too long to fix due to
lack of technical
knowledge
1.2Link to National
electricity grid
 2260 households
connected to
national grid
 Six small
industries
powered by
national grid
 Connected 1 VDC
 Under process in
2 VDC
 1936 households have
access to clean energy
 86% target achieved
 Maintenance/repair –
too long to fix
 Training to 250
household
 Installation in
250 household
 223households
trained and
installed biogas
plant
 89.2% target met
 Limited adapted
 Winter season little
production
 Suitable more on lower
altitude
1.3Biogas operation
training and
support biogas
plant installation
 12 small industries
powered by electricity
 223household have
access to clean energy
Overall Impact
1. Households have access
to alternative energy for
light and cooking
(electric pressure
cooker)
2. Dependency on forest
for fuel reduced by
40%percent.
3. 100 percent reduction in
kerosene use
4. Forests are protected
5. Alternative income
opportunity –from
electricity powered
small industries (2 from
micro hydro and 6 from
national grid
6. Income of ICS
promoters
7. Woman specially
benefitted – workload
for firewood collection
and grain milling time
drastically reduced
8. Improvement in
54
Objective 1:
2448 households have access to at least one form of alternative and clean energy, reducing their dependence on timber as a
fuel source in 3 years
Activity
Target/Indicator(s)
Outputs
Outcomes
Achievement
Remarks
1.4Provide training
and support for
solar PV system
 35 household
 35 household
trained and 20
Watt solar PV
system installed
 35 household have access
to clean energy
 100% reduction in use of
kerosene
 100% target
household are
benefitting
 100% reduction in
use of kerosene
 Frequent battery
failure
 Maintenance costly
 Of limited use (20
Watts)
 Available for limited
time
1.5One event of ICS
promoter’s training
 Train 15 persons
 15 persons
trained
 Self employment for ICS
of promoters
(supplemental income of
12,000/year)
 40% reduction on the use
of fire wood among 2448
families using ICS and
the associated cost of
collecting the fire wood
 Reduction in workload of
women by at least one
hour per day (to be
collected from 25%
sample households)
 100% target met.
Promoters earned RS
 40% reduction in
firewood
 Workload reduced
for woman – Per day
1 hour time spent on
firewood collection is
saved (more time is
saved for household
who also installed
biogas)
 1639 ICS constructed
 40% reduction in
firewood
 Workload reduced for
woman – Per day 1 hour
time spent on firewood
collection is saved (more
time is saved for
household who also
installed biogas)
 Less smoke – health
 100% target
achieved
 One committee
formed to declare
Bichaur VDC as
Indoor Air Pollution
Free (IAPF) Zone
by Aug last 2014. –
 Sanitation improved
 Animal feed and raksi
for household need are
still prepared in open
in traditional oven
 All CCA project
VDCs 6 VDCs are
declared Indoor Air
Pollution Free zone
(IAPFZ)
1.6Eight ICS
demonstration
events and one day
orientation
 2448 families
 2448 familes
motivated
families for ICS
installation
1.7Construct 2448
ICS
 2448 families.
 All 2448
household
installed ICS
16544/year
Overall Impact
communication: mobile
9. TV – while helping in
education, it is also
brining social disruption
and additional costs to
poor families
10.In long run link to
national grid would be
more sustainable
11.Promote sanitation also
from Biogas
55
Objective 1:
Activity
2448 households have access to at least one form of alternative and clean energy, reducing their dependence on timber as a
fuel source in 3 years
Target/Indicator(s)
Outputs
1.8Conduct 1 micro
hydro project
management and
operation training
for 2 days
 55 Committee
members of five
MHMCs
 Maintenance
guidelines
develoepd
 55 Committee
members of 5
MHMCs trained
on operation and
management of
micro hydro
projects in 2
events
 Not yet
developed
1.9Support
construction of:
a. 250 latrines with
biogas connection,
 500 latrines in
the target
communities
 500 latrines
constructed in
three VDCs
 500 persons of
Kolki and
Bichaur VDCs
 2 BCC in 1VDC
 408 community
people (107
male and 341
female)
participated in
the BCC
campaign
Outcomes
benefits for family
 MHMCs collect
electricity tariff regularly
 MHMCs have
maintenance guidelines
and followed.
 500 families of a VDC
have toilet
Achievement
 MHMCs are
collecting tariff
from user household
(NRs. 7/unit)
 Guidelines yet to
developed and
implemented
Timely maintenance
is an issue
Guidelines have
been developed
 100% target
achieved
Remarks
 Keeping records t
seems challenging
 Uniformity in tariff –
Tariff varies across
different Micro Hydro
Management
Committees
 Should be launched for
other VDCs as well.
b. 250 latrines
without connection
Bio-gas
1.10 Conduct oneday behavior
change campaign
(BCC) for adopting
use of toilet
(hygiene and
sanitation)
 NA
NA
Overall Impact

 Skill human resource
available at local level
 Repair and Maintenance
cost reduce
 Job creation
 Time saved in repair
and maintenance
 Improved Livelihood
through
income
diversification
 Increased food security
and diversity food and
nutrition
 Better knowledge on
climate change impact
and adaptaion
 Increase the resilience
to the
agriculture
farming
 Developed
enterpenureship
may
attarect youth to work
in village
 Motivation
to
commercilize organic
product
56
Objective 2:
Activity
2.1 Bee keeping
training for 5 days
in 2 events
2.2 Distribution of 2
beehives for 70
bee entrepreneurs
including
transportation
2.3 Vegetable
farming training
and seed support
to 180 people (30
participants per
training in 6
villages
Promote agriculture based income generation and self-employment opportunities to 2448 households in 6 VDCs of
Lamjung in 3 years.
Target/Indicator(s)
Outputs
 70 farmers of 5
VDCs trained in
bee keeping
 Income of family
involved in bee
keeping increased
by at least 20%
 70 bee farmers
have received
modern bee hives
 70 farmers
trained
 180 farmers
trained on
vegetable farming
in 6 slots and
provided with
seeds.
(Potato and Ginger)
 Only 90 farmers
adopted
vegetable
farming
 Only 35 bee
farmers were
supported
Outcomes
Achievement
 70 farmers motivated
and trained in bee
keeping
 Alternative income
opportunity created
 Income increased for
bee farmers
 The income is
increased by at least
20% among the
families involved in
bee keeping
 Additional/alternative
Income from bee
farmers
 Diversified diet/extra
nutrition
 100 % target
achieved
 Diversified
diet/Improved
nutrition intake
 Income of
vegetable farmers
increased (90
farmers earned
NRs. 481727
 Dietary Diversity
survey data is
collected
 Only 8.8%
increase in
income
 Out of expected
70 bee
entrepreneur,
development,
only 5 adopted
Overall Impact
Remarks/Limitation
 Diversified economy
 Employment should be
provide not in basic
 No follow on up for
need better life in
supporting bee keeping
village to encourage
youth
 No followup training on  Increased the resilience
insect and disease, post
from the disaster
harvesting, storage
 Enhanced both climate
change mitigation and
 Limited study before
adaptation at community
implementing new crop
level and Household
cultivation
level.
 Improved the forest
 Availability of human
condition and reduced
resources for farming
CO2 emmission from
forest land
 Selection of climate
 Easily access the forest
resilient species is
resources
crucial
 Enhanced the
leadership and
 Access to market need
empowered different
improvement
CBOs as well as
women and dalit
 Reliable source for
groups also
quality seeds for forest
trees and cash crops for
forests
57
Objective 2:
Promote agriculture based income generation and self-employment opportunities to 2448 households in 6 VDCs of
Lamjung in 3 years.
Activity
Target/Indicator(s)
Outputs
Outcomes
Achievement
Remarks/Limitation
2.4 Nursery training
and support
establishment to 8
persons for three
days
 8 persons trained
in nursery
management.
 8 nurseries
established.
 Out of 8
nurseries
established,
only 1
continues
 Tree seedlings
and cash crops
produced
 Income of nursery
farmers increased by
40%
 At least 50% local
needs of fruit, fodder,
and minor forest
products fulfilled
from locally grown
tress/plants
 Only one nursery
exists (Only 12%
target achieved)
 Less seedlings
supplied than
demand
 Income of nursery
farmer increased
by NRs. 15,575
 Forest Nursery for
seedling production may
not sustain
 400 farmers
trained and
received potato
seeds

 Potato production of
participants increased
by 50%
 Income of 400 potato
farmers increased by
40%Improved potato
farming skill
developed and
practiced
 Ginger production
and sale increased at
least by 50%
 Increase in household
income by 11.5% for
ginger farmers
 61% among 460
farmers involved
in potato
cultivation earned
8.2% more
income than
before
2.5 Potato growing
training for one
day and support
for 400
community
members
2.6 Ginger farming
training and seed
support for 642
community
members
 400 farmers
trained on potato
farming in 20 slots
 400 Supported
with potato seeds
 642 farmers
trained on ginger
farming in 26 slots
along with seed
support
 706 farmers
trained and
received
support for
ginger farming
 Increased annual
income of 200
(30%
participants)
farmers by
11.5%.
Overall Impact
 Less interest to plant tree
in farm land
 Regular coordination
and monitoring with the
support of line agencies
is vital
 More time needed to
adopt new technologies,
so the program need
continuation
 Establishment of
Participatory research
plots before
recommending to
farmers in large scale
 Establishment of Demo
Sites would be beneficial
to motivate farmers
 Coordinate with
Universities for
agricultural and forest
research such as Institute
of Forestry, Institute of
58
Objective 2:
Activity
Promote agriculture based income generation and self-employment opportunities to 2448 households in 6 VDCs of
Lamjung in 3 years.
Target/Indicator(s)
Outputs
Outcomes
Achievement
Overall Impact
Remarks/Limitation
Agriculture and Animal
Sciences
2.7 Savings & Credit
Cooperatives
(SACCOs)
management,
training for 55
members for three
days (business
planning and loan
management)
 55 members
enhanced skills on
SACCOs
management
 55 SACCO
members
trained in
SACCO
management

 Saving of women
from 2448 household
involved in SACCO
increased at least by
20%
 Of the total fund, at
least 80% will be
disbursed in loan
 Loan payment rate
stands at least at 95%
 Increase in saving
by 44%
 One agricultural
Co-op registered
 122% of total
fund disbursed in
loan.
 Loan return rate
113% of the
target
 SACCOs are newly
established hence
impossible to assess
their sustainability and
impacts on income
generation
 Book keeping and
accounting need
improvement
 18 % interest rate
charged to loan.
Too early to make any
conclusion.
Impacts may be visible
at least 2-3 years later
after in
 Increased awareness
among community
members for saving.
 Community capacity
enhancement
 Increased saving
 Loans available
locally for the
community members
for income generation
 specially women
59
Objective 3:
At least 50 community organizations from 6 VDCs in Lamjung District have enhanced capacity to conserve forest, prevent and
prepare for disaster risk reduction in 3 years.
Activity
Target/Indicator(s)
Outputs
Outcomes
Achievement
Remarks
3.1 Support on
institutional
development of 42
PMCs and 1 VEEC
42 PMCs and one
VEECs
Training conducted
for PMC and VEEC
VEEC prepared at
least 2 proposals and
submitted for funding
VEEC prepared and
submitted 7 proposals
to VDCs and DDC and
funding secured for 3
proposals.
Need external support and
refresher training
3.2 VEEC
Management
training for 11
Executive
Committee members
for three days
Management capacity
of 11 VEEC
executive members
enhanced
VEEC implemented
environmentally
sensitive and
employment
generating road
maintenance policy
VEEC has developed
and enforced
environmental and
safety guidelines
VEEC has developed
and enforced
environmental and
safety guidelines.
Damage from road
construction reduced to
same extent
Rods still need
improvement specially
drainage system along
road
3.3 Support VEEC
to maintain the rural
infrastructure
through labor
intensive
employment
practice
Support VEEC to
maintain the rural
infrastructure through
labor intensive
employment practice
manmade hazard
4 rural
infrastructures were
carried.
At least three
identified risk and
vulnerabilities created
through unplanned
road construction
4 land slide prone sites
along road construction
area were identified.
One retaining wall was
constructed
Employment generation
too ambition 210
At least 130 people are
employed for three
months
People were employed
for 9 days in an
average in 3 months
Overall Impact
 Capacity of the local
community need be
support. Bioengineering
work for road
maintenance is costly.
 It is better to aware
local leaders to
construct with applying
conservation measures.
 Forest conditions has
improved.
 Leadership capacity
of community
organizations
enhanced, specially
those of women and
Dalits.
 Entrepreneurship
capacity of women
and Dalits
enhanced
 CFUGs’ capacity in
forest conservation
enhanced Reduced
from vulnerability
from the disaster
 Community has
60
3.4 Organize group
management and
leadership training
for Mother’s groups,
PMC and other
community groups
for one day
280 community group
members trained in 8
slots
280 persons
trained.About 300%
more participants
came from Women
and Dalit groups
At least 50% of the
executive members in
the groups in the
communities come
from women and
Dalits
26.4% of the executive
members are women
and Dalits.
3.5 Organize Gender
Equity training for
community people
for 2 days
210 community
members are trained
on gender issues,
210 community
members
Entrepreneurship
capacity of women and
Dalits enhanced
Awareness of gender
issues such as gender
discrimination, gender
equity and gender
balance
Gender equity and
leadership still need
backing for women and
Dalits
Five events (5)
organized on advocacy
and lobbying for
161persons
Still the capacity and level
of confidence among
women in engaging in
dialogue not up to the
mark
Six numbers
Training in six events.
3.6 Advocacy
training for VEEC,
SACCOs and
CFUCs members on
environmental
conservation related
issues
140 person from
VEEC, SACCOs and
CFUCs trained on
environmental
lobbying and
advocacy
4 training slots.
Participation of
women and Dalits in
business and politics
increased
NA
Community
organizations’
lobbying and advocacy
capacity for
environmental issues
enhanced
managed the forest
level of awareness on
their rights among
community people has
increased
Environmental
lobbying increased
Brought support for
environmental
programs from DDC,
VDCs and Line
agencies
61
3.7 Four exposure
visits for community
representatives to
relevant destinations
for 5 days.
160 community
members gained
confidence in
activities they are
involved from
demonstration effects
during 4 exposure
visits.
At least one SALT
(Slope Land
Agriculture
Technology) in each
VDC
3.8 Conduct training
for Community
Forest User
Committees
(CFUCs) on
conservation,
Climate change and
plantation for 2
days.
70 members of
CFUCs are trained in
conservation,
plantation and climate
change in 2 events.
At least 20% increase
in vegetation
coverage of
community forest
Four observation
visits organized
against four (4)
targeted for
for 179community
members including
seventeen (17)
COPPADES board
members
Four events of
climate change
training for 140
CFUG members
Forest area increased
by 34.47%.
Forest over
increased
additionally by119
hectares of
Community Forest
alone
Confidence of
participants enhanced
Target50 %achieved
112% achievement
increased confidence
among community
people on changing
agricultural enterprises
and conservation
One SALT area
1 area in Sagrabas
Bhangswanra
designated as SALT
implementation and
broom grass plantation
Increased involvement
of various sectors of
community people in
forest conservation
CFUG's capacity in
forest conservation
enhanced
Forest coverage
increased
Total forest area
increased by 34.47%
compared to preproject forest area
Forest area increased
in community forest
Target achieved
Community
participation in forest
conservation and
Forest development is long
term program hence need
more time to make any
conclusion
Survival of tree and casual
Participation of
62
various community
groups in plantation
(mothers group,
youth clubs, and
schools)
contributing 27
hectares of
plantation by youth
clubs and 33
hectares by schools
3.9 Involve CFUCs
to plant 6000
saplings of fruit,
forest and fodder
trees by September
2012
6000 plants are
planted by the CFUCs
3.10 Financial
Support for youth
groups (sports and
cultural groups )
from the target
VDCs to plant
30000 plants
30000 tree saplings
planted by youth
groups
3.11 Support six
schools in the
project area to plant
3000 plants annually
Six schools in
program VDCs have
planted 9000 tree
saplings.
At least 20% increase
in vegetation
coverage of
community forest
development increased
replacements should be
followed up regularly
Forest area increased
Forest area increased
from 921.39 ha to
957.39.
Actual coverage of
forest area in
community forest is
30% of which
13.04% is CCA’s
contribution
27 hectares of land
covered by youth
group plantation
which makes 9.17%
increase in forest
area in community
land
33 hectares area
planted by school
groups making
contribution of
63
7.63% increase in
forest cover in the
area
3.12 Climate change
adaptation training
to a total of 140
community
members
140 persons trained
on climate change
adaptation in 4 events.
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.13 Disaster Risk
Reduction training
for seventy (70)
representatives of
social groups for 2
days
70 community people
trained on disaster
risks and their
reduction strategies.
NA
NA
NA
NA
42 PMCs have
disaster risk reduction
plan in place
64
Annex 6. Field photo visit
Interaction with Nursery owner at Pyarjung Village
65
Improve Cooking Stove supported by CCA project
Group meeting
66
Grain mill at Sanokavre, Illampokhari VDC
Electricity, sanitation and all communication with outlook of village- Sano Kavre
67