The New Deal
Chapter 22
1932-1941
Page 730
Section 1
FDR offers Relief
• Obj: analyze the impact of FDR on the
American people
• Describe the programs that were part of Frist
new deal
• Identify critical responses to New Deal
• Americans elect FDR to find ways to end the
Great Depression
A. FDR
• Hoover no chance in Election of 1932
• FDR wins in a landslide
• Came from a rich family and upper class
upbringing
• Served in New York Senate
• Diagnosed with polio in 1921
• Married to Eleanor Roosevelt- most active first
lady ever
B. New Deal
• Promised a “New Deal” for Americans
• Made a cabinet to be his “Brain Trust”
– Not just yes men
– Included both Reps and Dems.
• Francis Perkins
• Henry Wallace
• Harold Ickles
C: First 100 Days
• Congress passed 15 bills
• 3 goals- Relief, recovery, reform
• Day after inauguration, enacted four day bank
holiday
– Gave banks opportunity to get accounts in order
• Fireside chats? Restore national confidence
– Something is being done
D. Reform Financial system
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporationinsured bank deposits.
• People have confidence in banks
• Won’t withdraw money with every panic
• SEC- Regulate stock market
E: Help to Farmers
•
•
•
•
•
(AAA)Agricultural Adjustment ActRegulate production by manipulating pricers
Pay subsidies to not farm part of their land
CRP
F: TVA
•
•
•
•
Tennessee Valley Authority
Built series of dams to generate electricity
Prevent flooding
Bring cheap electricity to rural areas
G. Direct Relief
• CCC- Civilian Conservation Act- provided jobs
to 2 million men
• Replant forest, built trails, dug irrigation
ditches
• FERA- Federal Emergency Relief Act- gave
funds directly to un-employed
• HOLC- loaned money to homeowners
• FHA- Federal Housing Administration- loans to
repair houses
• NRA- National Recovery Administrationdeveloped codes for fair competition in
industry- minimum wages and price controls
• PWA- Public Works Administration- built
dams, power plants, government buildings
H. Opposition
• Republicans- FDR going too far
• “Challenges to Liberty” ??
• American Liberty League- also fought new
deal legislation
•
•
•
•
Some on Left say “not enough”
Huey LongFrancis TownshendFather Charles Coughlin-
Funny
Bet I know what his New Years resolution is.
Hey, what’s your name? You wanna be my friend?
Section 2
The Second New Deal
• Obj: Discuss the programs in the Second New
Deal
• Explain how New Deal legislation affected the
growth of organized labor
• Describe the impact of Roosevelt’s court
packing plan
• 1935, many problems still facing the nation.
FDR- more needs to be done
A: More Programs
•
•
•
•
FDR re-elected in 1936
Second New Deal- 1935- address the
problems of elderly, poor, and unemployed
WPA- 5 billion for new jobs- improve roads,
dredge rivers, promote soil conservation
– Spent 11 billion to but 8 million people to work
– Used deficit spending to finance- 4.4 billion in
debt
– John Maynard Keynes- pump priming?
B. Social Security Act
• Social Security was “old age” insurance and
insurance on un-employment
• Still around today
C. REA
• Rural Electrification Act- loaned money to
rural electric companies to build power lines
• Before-10%
• After- 80%
D. Unions
• Wagner Act?
• Collective Bargaining?
• Fair Labor Standards Act?
Election of 1936
• FDR won an overwhelming victory
• 61 percent of vote
• Beat Alfred M. Landon
E. Challenges to New Deal
• Supreme Court ruled most of the New Deal
Legislation unconstitutional in 1936
• Roosevelt Ticked off
• FDR tries to “Pack the Supreme Court” what
was this?
• Fails- hurt FDR’s popularity
• 1936- RDR reduced spending, economy wasn’t
ready took a dive.
• Conservatives gain ground as economy takes a
dive in 1935-36
• Democrats still had majority, but lost support
of Southern Dem.
• To keep support, FDR moved away from
reform, especially Jim Crow laws.
• “Packing” the
Supreme Court
– FDR was frustrated
that a conservative
dominated court
found many New
Deal programs
unconstitutional
– Tries to add new
justices
– Must retire by age
70
– His efforts to
“Pack” court fails
– Upsets many in
Congress and
American people
Section 3
Effects of the New Deal
• Obj: Describe how the New Deal affected
different groups in American Society
• Analyze how the New Deal changed the shape
of American Party Politics
• Discuss the impact of FDR on the presidency
• The New Deal, whether successful or not, had
a lasting impact on the U.S.
Life During the Roosevelt Years
• A. Minority groups
– African Americans- most would miss out on the
benefits of New Deal Programs
– Roosevelt first Prez to put African Americans in
key cabinet positions
– Would come to be called the Black Cabinet
– However- no major civil rights legislation was
passed
Mexican Americans
• Before the 1930’s, no limit to immigration was
put on Mexicans
• People from Mexico would start to face
prejudice during 1930’s because they often
worked for less and drove down wages
American Indians
• Really only Minority group to make progress
during the Depression
• Bureau of Indian Affairs- halted allotment of land
to individuals
• Indian New Deal• Indian Re-organization Act• Reestablished tribal ownership of land, made
loans available for native owned businesses, set
up programs to teach new methods of land
development
Legacy of New Deal
• 1937- Roosevelt tries to balance the budget
• Throws the U.S. back into a recession
• Many not sure if New Deal programs actually
helped the country
• People seemed to either hate FDR or love him
• War would bring the U.S. out of Great
Depression as wartime production put people
to work
Legacy
• 1. Extended power of Federal Gov’t- gov’t still
plays a much greater role in people’s lives
• 2. Extension of Power of Prez- presidents after
FDR were expected to be strong leaders and
push legislation
• 3. Deficit Spending- National debt 260 billion
after FDR- most gov’t budgets after GD would
operate under deficit spending
• 4. Federal Social Programs- the U.S. became a
welfare state- gov’t expected to care for the
people
• 5. Greater concern for workers- recognized
unions rights to exist- protect workers- raise
minimum wage
• 6. Conservation gains- new deal programs
helped promote conservation practices
• 7. Renewal of Faith in Democracy- Carried U.S.
through a time of hardships- democracy could
survive hardships and see the people through
• 8. Reorganization of political Parties- New
Deal Coalition
• 9. Government tries to regulate the economy
Section 4
Culture of the 1930’s
• Obj: trace the growth of radio and the movies
in the 1930’s
• Describe the major themes of literature of the
New Deal Era
A. Movies and Radio
• By end of 1930’s 9 in 10 have a radio
• Americans going to movies at least once a
week
• A way to forget about troubles
• Rise of networks like NBC, CBS
• Rise of movie producers like Fox, Paramount,
MGM
B. Films
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Wizard of Oz
Snow White
Most famous ever- Gone with the Wind
G-Men
Public enemy
MR. Smith Goes to Washington
War of the Worlds-
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs0K4ApWl4g minute 23:45
C. New Deal Art
• Federal Art Project- ??
– Paid artists to create murals
• Dorothea Lange- FSA photographer- capture
the plight of the farmer on film
D. Literature
• Overlooked by 1920’s lit
• John Steinbeck’s “Grapes of Wrath”
– About??
• Lillian Hellman- wrote plays featuring women
• Comic strips– Dick Tracey
– Superman