The New Deal Chapter 22 1932-1941 Page 730 Section 1 FDR offers Relief • Obj: analyze the impact of FDR on the American people • Describe the programs that were part of Frist new deal • Identify critical responses to New Deal • Americans elect FDR to find ways to end the Great Depression A. FDR • Hoover no chance in Election of 1932 • FDR wins in a landslide • Came from a rich family and upper class upbringing • Served in New York Senate • Diagnosed with polio in 1921 • Married to Eleanor Roosevelt- most active first lady ever B. New Deal • Promised a “New Deal” for Americans • Made a cabinet to be his “Brain Trust” – Not just yes men – Included both Reps and Dems. • Francis Perkins • Henry Wallace • Harold Ickles C: First 100 Days • Congress passed 15 bills • 3 goals- Relief, recovery, reform • Day after inauguration, enacted four day bank holiday – Gave banks opportunity to get accounts in order • Fireside chats? Restore national confidence – Something is being done D. Reform Financial system • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporationinsured bank deposits. • People have confidence in banks • Won’t withdraw money with every panic • SEC- Regulate stock market E: Help to Farmers • • • • • (AAA)Agricultural Adjustment ActRegulate production by manipulating pricers Pay subsidies to not farm part of their land CRP F: TVA • • • • Tennessee Valley Authority Built series of dams to generate electricity Prevent flooding Bring cheap electricity to rural areas G. Direct Relief • CCC- Civilian Conservation Act- provided jobs to 2 million men • Replant forest, built trails, dug irrigation ditches • FERA- Federal Emergency Relief Act- gave funds directly to un-employed • HOLC- loaned money to homeowners • FHA- Federal Housing Administration- loans to repair houses • NRA- National Recovery Administrationdeveloped codes for fair competition in industry- minimum wages and price controls • PWA- Public Works Administration- built dams, power plants, government buildings H. Opposition • Republicans- FDR going too far • “Challenges to Liberty” ?? • American Liberty League- also fought new deal legislation • • • • Some on Left say “not enough” Huey LongFrancis TownshendFather Charles Coughlin- Funny Bet I know what his New Years resolution is. Hey, what’s your name? You wanna be my friend? Section 2 The Second New Deal • Obj: Discuss the programs in the Second New Deal • Explain how New Deal legislation affected the growth of organized labor • Describe the impact of Roosevelt’s court packing plan • 1935, many problems still facing the nation. FDR- more needs to be done A: More Programs • • • • FDR re-elected in 1936 Second New Deal- 1935- address the problems of elderly, poor, and unemployed WPA- 5 billion for new jobs- improve roads, dredge rivers, promote soil conservation – Spent 11 billion to but 8 million people to work – Used deficit spending to finance- 4.4 billion in debt – John Maynard Keynes- pump priming? B. Social Security Act • Social Security was “old age” insurance and insurance on un-employment • Still around today C. REA • Rural Electrification Act- loaned money to rural electric companies to build power lines • Before-10% • After- 80% D. Unions • Wagner Act? • Collective Bargaining? • Fair Labor Standards Act? Election of 1936 • FDR won an overwhelming victory • 61 percent of vote • Beat Alfred M. Landon E. Challenges to New Deal • Supreme Court ruled most of the New Deal Legislation unconstitutional in 1936 • Roosevelt Ticked off • FDR tries to “Pack the Supreme Court” what was this? • Fails- hurt FDR’s popularity • 1936- RDR reduced spending, economy wasn’t ready took a dive. • Conservatives gain ground as economy takes a dive in 1935-36 • Democrats still had majority, but lost support of Southern Dem. • To keep support, FDR moved away from reform, especially Jim Crow laws. • “Packing” the Supreme Court – FDR was frustrated that a conservative dominated court found many New Deal programs unconstitutional – Tries to add new justices – Must retire by age 70 – His efforts to “Pack” court fails – Upsets many in Congress and American people Section 3 Effects of the New Deal • Obj: Describe how the New Deal affected different groups in American Society • Analyze how the New Deal changed the shape of American Party Politics • Discuss the impact of FDR on the presidency • The New Deal, whether successful or not, had a lasting impact on the U.S. Life During the Roosevelt Years • A. Minority groups – African Americans- most would miss out on the benefits of New Deal Programs – Roosevelt first Prez to put African Americans in key cabinet positions – Would come to be called the Black Cabinet – However- no major civil rights legislation was passed Mexican Americans • Before the 1930’s, no limit to immigration was put on Mexicans • People from Mexico would start to face prejudice during 1930’s because they often worked for less and drove down wages American Indians • Really only Minority group to make progress during the Depression • Bureau of Indian Affairs- halted allotment of land to individuals • Indian New Deal• Indian Re-organization Act• Reestablished tribal ownership of land, made loans available for native owned businesses, set up programs to teach new methods of land development Legacy of New Deal • 1937- Roosevelt tries to balance the budget • Throws the U.S. back into a recession • Many not sure if New Deal programs actually helped the country • People seemed to either hate FDR or love him • War would bring the U.S. out of Great Depression as wartime production put people to work Legacy • 1. Extended power of Federal Gov’t- gov’t still plays a much greater role in people’s lives • 2. Extension of Power of Prez- presidents after FDR were expected to be strong leaders and push legislation • 3. Deficit Spending- National debt 260 billion after FDR- most gov’t budgets after GD would operate under deficit spending • 4. Federal Social Programs- the U.S. became a welfare state- gov’t expected to care for the people • 5. Greater concern for workers- recognized unions rights to exist- protect workers- raise minimum wage • 6. Conservation gains- new deal programs helped promote conservation practices • 7. Renewal of Faith in Democracy- Carried U.S. through a time of hardships- democracy could survive hardships and see the people through • 8. Reorganization of political Parties- New Deal Coalition • 9. Government tries to regulate the economy Section 4 Culture of the 1930’s • Obj: trace the growth of radio and the movies in the 1930’s • Describe the major themes of literature of the New Deal Era A. Movies and Radio • By end of 1930’s 9 in 10 have a radio • Americans going to movies at least once a week • A way to forget about troubles • Rise of networks like NBC, CBS • Rise of movie producers like Fox, Paramount, MGM B. Films • • • • • • • Wizard of Oz Snow White Most famous ever- Gone with the Wind G-Men Public enemy MR. Smith Goes to Washington War of the Worlds- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs0K4ApWl4g minute 23:45 C. New Deal Art • Federal Art Project- ?? – Paid artists to create murals • Dorothea Lange- FSA photographer- capture the plight of the farmer on film D. Literature • Overlooked by 1920’s lit • John Steinbeck’s “Grapes of Wrath” – About?? • Lillian Hellman- wrote plays featuring women • Comic strips– Dick Tracey – Superman