Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
Bellringer:
1.) Write today’s objective, activities, and
homework on unit planner.
2.) Write the answer to the following as your
bellringer: List as many song titles,
phrases, and slogans that contain the
word heart as you can.
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
The Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system.
Cardiovascular system
is made up of
the heart
blood
blood vessels
Circulation
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
The Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system
carries needed substances to
cells and carries waste products
away from cells. In addition,
blood contains cells that fight
disease.
For example, blood carries oxygen from
your lungs to your other body cells.
Blood also transports the glucose your cells
use to produce energy.
The blood also carries carbon dioxide to the
lungs, where it is exhaled.
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
The heart is a hollow,
muscular organ that
pumps blood
throughout the body.
Each time the heart
beats, it pushes blood
throughout the blood
vessels of the
cardiovascular
system.
The Heart
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
The right side of the
heart is completely
separated from the
left side by a wall of
tissue called the
septum.
The Heart
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
Each side has an
upper chamber, or
atrium. These are
called the right atrium
and left atrium.
Each atrium receives
blood that comes into
the heart… the right
atrium receives blood
from the body while
the left atrium
receives blood from
the lungs.
The Heart
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
Each side has a lower
chamber, or ventricle.
These are called the
right ventricle and left
ventricle.
Each ventricle pumps
blood out of the heart,
the right ventricle
pumping blood to the
lungs and the left
ventricle pumping
blood to all other parts
of the body.
The Heart
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
Heart Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and
access Active Art about the heart.
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
The Heart
As blood flows out of the heart and toward the lungs, it
passes through a flap of tissue, known as a valve, like the
one here.
The valve prevents blood from flowing backward.
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
Located in the right
atrium is a group of
heart cells called the
pacemaker, which
sends out signals that
make the heart
muscle contract. This
adjusts the speed of
the heart beat.
When muscle cells in
the ventricles
contract, the exert a
force on the blood.
The Heart
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
Bellringer:
1.) Write today’s objective, activities, and
homework on unit planner.
2.) Using yesterday’s notes, write the answer to
the following as your bellringer: Each time the
heart beats, what does it do to the blood?
3.) Define key terms on page 534.
4.) Fill in details on Heart Diagram.
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
Bellringer:
1.) Write today’s objective, activities, and
homework on unit planner.
2.) Using vocabulary, write the answer to the
following as your bellringer: Name the three
kinds of blood vessels.
3.) Have vocabulary ready to be checked!
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
Two Loops
Blood circulates through
the body in two loops,
with the heart at the
center. In the first loop,
blood travels from the
heart to the lungs and
then back to the heart. In
the second loop, blood is
pumped from the heart
throughout the body and
then returns to the heart.
Circulation - The Body’s Transport System
Pathway of Blood
Right side
of heart
Lungs
Body
Left side
of heart
Circulation - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels
The walls of arteries and veins have three layers. The
innermost layer is made up of epithelial cells. The
middle layer is mostly muscle tissue and the outer wall
is made up of flexible connective tissue.
Circulation - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Arteries
Arteries carry blood away
from the heart.
Pulse is caused by the
expanding and narrowing of
artery walls.
When you count pulse
beats, you are also counting
heartbeats.
Arteries control the amount
of blood that different
organs receive.
Circulation - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Capillaries
In the capillaries, materials are exchanged between the
blood and the body’s cells. Diffusion is one of the ways
this happens.
Circulation - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Veins
Veins carry blood back to
the heart.
Veins get help…
•Contraction of nearby
skeletal muscles
•Valves that prevent blood
from flowing backward
•Breathing movements that
squeeze veins in the chest
Circulation - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
ARTERY
Artery and Vein
In this photo, you can compare the wall
of an artery with the wall of a vein.
Artery… The walls of arteries are very
thick and consist of three layers
Vein… Although the walls of veins also
consist of three layers, they are much
thinner than the walls of arteries.
VEIN
Circulation - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the pressure that blood exerts against
the walls of blood vessels.
As blood moves away from the heart, the blood pressure
decreases.
sphygmomanometer
Circulation - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Calculating a Rate
A rate is the speed at which something happens. When you
calculate a rate, you compare the number of events with the
time period in which they occur. Here’s how to calculate the
pulse rate of a person whose heart beats 142 times in two
minutes.
1. Write the comparison as a fraction:
2. Divide the numerator and the denominator by 2:
The person’s pulse rate is 71 heartbeats per minute.
Circulation - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Calculating a Rate
Practice Problem
Calculate your pulse rate if your heart beats 170 times in 2.5
minutes.
68 beats per minute
Circulation - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels
Comparing and Contrasting
Blood Vessel
Function
Structure of Wall
Artery
Carries blood away from
the heart
Thick wall consisting of
three cell layers with thick
muscle in the middle layer
Capillary
Exchange of materials
between the blood and
body cells
Thin walls consisting of one
cell layer
Vein
Carries blood back to the
heart
Thick walls consisting of
three cell layers with thin
muscle in the middle layer
Circulation
End of Section:
A Closer Look at
Blood Vessels
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
Blood
Blood consists of liquid plasma and three kinds of cells—red
blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
Blood Types
The marker molecules on your red blood cells determine
your blood type and the type of blood that you can safely
receive in transfusions.
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
Blood Type Distribution
The circle graph shows the
percentage of each blood type
found in the U.S. population.
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
Blood Type Distribution
Reading Graphs:
What does each edge of the
graph represent?
The percentage of each blood
type found in the United
States population
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
Blood Type Distribution
Interpreting Data:
Rank the four major blood
types—A, B, AB, and O—
from least common to most
common. What is the
percentage of each type?
AB (4%), B (11%), A (40%), O
(45%)
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
Blood Type Distribution
Calculating:
According to the graph, what
percentage of the population
is Rh positive? What
percentage is Rh negative?
84%; 16%
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
Blood Type Distribution
Predicting:
What type of blood can
someone who is B negative
(blood type B and Rh
negative) receive? What
percentage of the population
does that represent?
O negative or B negative
blood; 9%
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
Blood Type Distribution
Creating Data Tables:
Use the data to make a table
of the eight possible blood
types. Include columns for the
A, B, AB, and O blood types;
Rh factor (positive or
negative); and percentage of
the population.
The data should be arranged
in three columns and eight
rows.
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
The Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system is a network of
veinlike vessels that returns the fluid to the
bloodstream.
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
Identifying Main Ideas
As you read the section titled “Blood,” write the main idea in
a graphic organizer like the one below. Then write four
supporting details that give examples of the main idea.
Main Idea
Blood is made up of four components.
Detail
Detail
Plasma is the
liquid part of
blood.
Red blood
cells take up
oxygen and
deliver it to
cells in the
body.
Detail
White blood
cells fight
disease.
Detail
Platelets help
form blood
clots.
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
Blood
Click the Video button to watch a movie about blood.
Circulation - Blood and Lymph
Links on Blood
Click the SciLinks button for links on blood.
Circulation
End of Section:
Blood and
Lymph
Circulation - Cardiovascular Health
Asking Questions
Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic
organizer like the one below, ask a what or how question for
each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions.
Question
Cardiovascular Health
Answer
What are some
cardiovascular diseases?
Cardiovascular diseases
include atherosclerosis
and hypertension.
How can a person keep
healthy?
Exercise regularly, eat a
healthy diet, and avoid
smoking.
Circulation - Cardiovascular Health
Links on Cardiovascular Problems
Click the SciLinks button for links on cardiovascular
problems.
Circulation
End of Section:
Cardiovascular
Health
Circulation
Graphic Organizer
Loop
Side of Heart
Where Loop
Starts
Where Blood
Flows to
Where Blood
Returns to
Loop One
Right side
Lungs
Left atrium
Loop Two
Left side
Body
Right atrium
Circulation
End of Section:
Graphic Organizer