AMERICA: A NARRATIVE HISTORY
8th Edition
CHAPTER 1
The Collision of Cultures
George Brown Tindall & David Emory Shi
© 2010 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Pre-Columbian Indian Civilizations
• Early Cultures
• The Mayas, Aztecs, Chibchas, and Incas
The First Migration
America, 8th Edition
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Pre-Columbian Civilizations in Middle and South America
America, 8th Edition
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Pre-Columbian Indian Civilizations
• Indian Cultures of North America
• Three Distinct Civilization Trends:
– Adena-Hopewell culture
– Mississippian culture
– Hohokam-Anasazi culture
Pre-Columbian Civilizations in North America
America, 8th Edition
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Pre-Columbian Indian Civilizations
• Native Americans in 1500
– Population of North America
– Eastern Woodlands Tribes
– Plains Indians
– Western Tribes
European Visions of America
• Norse Explorations
– Erik the Red and the Vikings
– Leif Eriksson and Newfoundland
Norse Discoveries
America, 8th Edition
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The Expansion of Europe
• Renaissance Geography
• Technological Innovation Spurs a Desire for
Knowledge
– The role of the compass and the astrolabe
The Voyages of Christopher Columbus
• Portuguese Exploration
– Bartholomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama
• Christopher Columbus
– Early years
– His voyage of discovery in 1492
– Later voyages
– America named for Amerigo Vespucci
Columbus’s Voyages
America, 8th Edition
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The Expansion of Europe
• The Growth of Trade, Towns, and NationStates
– In the past, trade had been primarily land-based.
– Problems with land-based trade
• The Rise of Nation-States
The Great Biological Exchange
•
•
•
•
Animals
Plants
Devices
Diseases
Professional Explorers
• John Cabot
• Vasco Núñez de Balboa
• Ferdinand Magellan
Spanish and Portuguese Explorations
America, 8th Edition
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The Spanish Empire
• A Clash of Cultures
• Cortés’s Conquest
The Spanish Empire
• The Aztecs
• The Aztec Religion
The Spanish Empire
• The Attack on Tenochtitlán
The Spanish Empire
• Spanish America
– Growth of civilizations in the New World
– Implementation of the encomienda system
– Introduction of slavery
– The role of the Catholic church
The Spanish Empire
• Spanish Exploration in North America
– Differences between Spanish America and North
America
• Spanish Explorers
– Ponce de Leon
– Narvaez and de Vaca
– de Soto
– Coronado
Spanish Explorations of the Mainland
America, 8th Edition
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The Spanish Empire
• The Spanish Southwest
– The role of the missions
– Juan de Oñate and New Mexico
– Popé’s Rebellion
– Horses and the Great Plains
The Protestant Reformation
•
•
•
•
Early Causes and Spread of the Movement
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Reformation in England
Challenges to the Spanish Empire
• French Efforts
– Verrazano explored the coast in 1832
– Cartier made three voyages to establish colonies
Challenges to the Spanish Empire
• Dutch Opposition to Spanish Control
– Rebellion of the Netherlands
– Dutch “Sea Beggars”
Challenges to the Spanish Empire
• British Efforts to Subvert Spanish Control
– Elizabeth’s “Sea Dogges”: John Hawkins and
Francis Drake
English, French, and Dutch Explorations
America, 8th Edition
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Challenges to the Spanish Empire
• British Efforts to Subvert Spanish Control
– The Spanish Armada
Challenges to the Spanish Empire
• English Exploration
– The role of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter
Raleigh
– The “Lost Colony” of Roanoke
Additional Art for Chapter 1
Part Opener 1
America, 8th Edition
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Part Opener 2
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Chapter Opener
America, 8th Edition
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Mayan society
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Mississippian artifacts
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Cliff dwellings
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Vikings in the New World
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Christopher Columbus
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Unfamiliar wildlife
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Small pox
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Impact of European diseases
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Cortés in Mexico
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Aztec sacrifices to the gods
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Missionaries in the New World
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Cultural conflict
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Plains Indians
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Queen Elizabeth I
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The Invincible Armada
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The Arrival of the English in Virginia
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AMERICA: A NARRATIVE HISTORY
8th Edition
This concludes the
lecture presentation
for Chapter 1.
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George Brown Tindall & David Emory Shi
© 2010 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.