Public Speaking
UNIT ONE:
Introduction to Public Speaking
Today...
Objective: To compare and contrast public speaking
and conversation
Think-Pair-Share
How are conversation and public speaking alike?
How are they alike? Brainstorm and organize your
ideas in the Venn Diagram in your packet.
Similarities
Both require you to:
1. Organize your thoughts logically
2. Tailor your message to your audience.
3. Tell a story for maximum impact.
4. Adapt to listener feedback.
Differences
1. Public speaking is more highly structured.
2. Public speaking requires more formal language.
3. Public speaking requires a different method of
delivery.
Apply
With this in mind, what will you plan to do in your
speeches throughout the course?
Developing Confidence
Objective:
To identify strategies that
will help us build our
confidence as public
speakers
Question:
Why are so many people deathly
afraid to speak in public?
Top Ten Fears
10. Commitment
9. Spiders
8. Rejection
7. Failure
6. Death
5. Intimacy
4.The Dark
3. Heights
2. Public Speaking
1. Flying
Public Speaking Anxiety
• Thought Patterns/Ways to Change
• Ways to Manage/Cope with Public Speaking Anxiety
• Homework: Develop a list of tips for yourself.
Explain why you decided this is an important thing to
keep in mind throughout this course.
Oral Communication
skills
Skill
Effective
Ineffective
Volume
Clear, confident, appropriate
volume
Tentative (shy), quiet, incoherent; difficult to
hear or understand
Pace
Consistently steady pace; no
hesitation/minimal hesitation
Speaking too quickly, too slowly, hinders
comprehension
Eye Contact
Consistent/regular eye contact
Rare eye contact/no eye contact; facing
powerpoint or reading directly from notes
without looking up
Posture/Body
Language
NODS (Neutral, Open, Defined
Strong); Use of space
Slouched/poor posture; “closed” off
Emphasis/
Inflection
Vocal Variety used to emphasize
Monotone
important points/arguments
Diction
Mature, precise language
Verbal fillers (Umm, like, ya know)
Impromptu Speeches
• An impromptu speech is a speech that you deliver
with little or no preparation.
• For our purposes, these impromptu speeches will be
1-2 min.
• Skill Focus for each speech.
• Please submit the rubric to Mrs. Wells when you
head to the front to deliver your speech. (This rubric
is based on the Senior Exhibition Rubric which is
also in this packet on the last page).
Ethics and Public
Speaking
Objective: To understand ethics
and how they apply to public
speaking
Question: Define ethics.
How do you think they may
be relevant in a public
speaking course?
Ethics are guided by…
• Your Values
• Your Conscience
• Your Sense of Right and Wrong
Guidelines for Ethical
Speaking
1. Make sure your goals
are ethically sound
•What are you trying to accomplish
through your speech?
•Big Tobacco
•Hitler
2. Be fully prepared for
each speech.
•Obligation to audience and
yourself.
•Be fully informed on subject;
RESEARCH
3. Be Honest in What
You Say.
Do not:
•Make up statistics
•Use a quote out of context
•Portray a few details as the whole
story
2.Avoid Name-Calling
and Abusive Language
•Shoot for being politically correct.
•Don’t damage your credibility
1. Put ethical principles
into practice.
Easy to talk about doing the right
thing; following through on your
word is not always so easy…
What is Plagiarism?
• Latin “Plagiarius” for “kidnapper”
• To present another person’s language or ideas as
you own
• Story (Joe Biden)—page 38 in book
Global Plagiarism
• Stealing an entire speech (or paper) from another
source and passing it off as your own.
• Buying papers online qualifies as global plagiarism.
• Most deceptive, blatant, and unforgivable kind!
Patchwork Plagiarism
• Stealing from a few sources and piecing it together
into one paper/speech.
Incremental Plagiarism
• Occurs when the speaker fails to give credit for
particular parts—or increments– of the speech or
paper that are borrowed from other people.
Avoiding Plagiarism
• Give credit for directly quoted information!
• Say: “According to the Center for Disease
Control….”
• Say “Martin Luther Kind once said….”
• Say “Dr. Stephen Lewis purports that …”
Avoiding Plagiarism
• Give Credit for Paraphrased Information
• Paraphrase: Summarized info.
• State where you obtained any information, even if
you’ve put it into your own words.
Four Types of Listening
Type of Listening
Appreciative
Listening
Empathic
Listening
Comprehensive
Listening
Critical Listening
Def/Example
Listen for enjoyment; music, comedy, entertaining
speech
Listen to provide emotional support; psychiatrist
or friend listening to our problems and offering
guidance
Listen to understand a speaker’s message;
listening to a teacher’s lecture, listen to directions
Listening to evaluate a message for the purpose
of accepting or rejecting it; listening to a sales
pitch or campaign speech
Causes of Poor Listening
• Not concentrating
• Listening too hard
• Jumping to conclusions (putting words into a
speaker’s mouth)
• Focusing on delivery and personal appearance