Evolution of Terror
US History II
August 27, 2009
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Why?
• Why did terrorists attack us?
• Who is at fault?
• What do we do about it?
Al Qaeda and Osama bin
Laden
• Reasons for terrorism against US:
– US military presence in Middle East
– US support of Israel
– Hatred of Western Culture
– At war with American “infidels”
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US Support of Israel
• Support of Israel
– Model of democracy and Western values in
M.E.
– Trouble balancing this with need of oil from
Arab countries
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US Military in Middle East
• After Persian Gulf War (1991), US left
troops in Saudi Arabia
• Arabs/Muslims: “Get
off our land!”
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Hatred of US Culture
• Muslims wish to keep their culture, noncorrupted by US culture
• Example: US women= can vote, are
equal with men, and have rights
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Infidels
• “Enemies” of Islam
• Quran teaches that
these must be destroyed
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Modern Terror (Post-WWII)
• Terrorism used for political/religious
reasons
• Terrorists around world see impact
• Munich Olympics, 1972: Palestinian
terrorists kill 11 Israelis
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Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979
• Iranian students seize 52 Americans in
Tehran, Iran
• Weak countries learn they can hurt
powerful countries by supporting
terrorism
• US creates list of countries that support
terrorism
1st World Trade Center
Bombing
• 1993: Bomb explodes in van in parking
garage of WTC
• 6 people die
U.S. Response to 9/11
• Department of Homeland Security
• Created by President Bush to monitor
possible terrorists, threats to US
security
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Homeland Security, contd.
• Protect transportation,
communications, water and power
supplies
• Visitors and Immigration: Keep track of
500,000,000 visitors every year
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Profiling
• Searching people based on race,
gender, etc.
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Border Control
• Guard thousands of miles of border
• Over 350 ports of entry
Guantanamo Bay
• US base in Cuba; terrorist
suspects detained there
• Suspected abuse/mistreatment to get
information
• Water
boarding
Recruitment and Training
• Secret sleeper cells around the globe
• Training camps in Afghanistan
• Religiously Motivated Terrorism
– What the US is worried about
– Radical Muslims believe that terrorism is OK
to please Allah.
Patriot Act
• Passed in October 2001 by Congress
• Gives US Government power to tap
methods of communication to gain info
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Patriot Act Controversy
• Some claim it’s illegal/unconstitutional
• Unauthorized “search and seizure”
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Target: Afghanistan
Taliban
• Sunni Islamic group
• Controlled Afghanistan government
1996-2001
• Sharia law, mistreatment of citizens
• Supportive of radical Muslims
Life Under the Taliban
• Strict rules for women
• Goal: Preserve Islam, restore modesty
for women
• Must wear burqa
• 80% arranged, forced marriages
Women
• No education past age 7
• No co-ed schools
• Banned from working except medical
field
9/11
• Al-Qaeda terrorists responsible
• US intelligence: AQ hiding in
Afghanistan/Pakistan
US Demands to Taliban
• Deliver Al-Qaeda leaders to US
• Protect American journalists in
Afghanistan
• Give US full access to terrorist camps
• Hand over Osama bin Laden
War in Afghanistan
• Afghanistan attacked by US
• Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001
• Mission: Destroy terrorist
camps, Osama bin Laden
Operation Enduring Freedom
•
•
•
•
Removed Taliban from power
Destroyed many terrorist camps
Killed 1,500 Al-Qaeda members
Immediate success
Taliban Comeback?
• US focused on Iraq, left Afghanistan
alone
• Taliban had been hiding in Pakistan
• Recently: More killings, increased
violence
Positive War Effects
• Crime reduced
• Schools, hospitals built
• Women being educated
Al-Qaeda
Who Are These People?
And Why Do They Want to Kill You?
Definition
• “The Base”
• Made up of radical Islamic groups
• Anti-West, Christian, Jew, some
Muslims
• 18,000 members in 60 nations
AQ QuickFax®
• Formed 1988 by Osama bin Laden
• 1996-2001: Lived in Afghanistan thanks
to Taliban
• Goals: Bring back sharia law
• Establish caliphate
Jihad – Holy War
• AQ believes in jihad against infidels
(enemies of Islam)
• Remove West from Middle East
• Re-establish caliphate: Muslim
leadership
Attacks
• 1993: First WTC bombing
• Bomb in van in parking garage
underneath twin towers
• 6 killed
1998: US Embassy Bombed
• East Africa embassy bombed by AQ
• 300 killed
2000: USS Cole
• Bombed; 17 killed
• Successful attack inspires AQ
• Plots to attack US land
Osama’s Demands to US
• Get out of Israel and quit supporting
them
• Get out of Middle East
• Let Muslims establish Islamic
empire again
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