Worksheet for Practical task.
The table below show the melting point, boiling point, ionisation energy and atomic radii of the first
20 elements.
atomic atomic
number symbol
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Element
hydrogen
helium
lithium
beryllium
boron
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
fluorine
neon
sodium
magnesium
aluminium
silicon
phosphorus
sulphur
chlorine
argon
potassium
calcium
Melting Boiling
Point, °C Point, °C
-259.1
-272.2
180.5
1278
2079
3367
-209.9
-218.4
-219.8
-248
97.8
649
660
1410
44.1
112.8
-101
-189.2
63.25
839
-252.9
-268.9
1342
2970
2550
4827
-195.8
-183
-188.1
-248.7
883
1090
2467
2355
280
444.7
-34.6
-185.7
760
1484
ionization energy
(kJ/mol)
Atomic
Radii (A)
1312
2372
520
899
801
1086
1402
1314
1681
2081
496
738
578
787
1012
1000
1251
1521
419
590
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.1
1
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.5
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1
0.9
2.4
2
1. Use the information in the table to construct a line graph of the atomic radii against the
atomic number
2. Use the information in the table to construct a line graph of ionisation energy against atomic
number
3. Compare the overall shape of the lines of atomic radii and ionisation energy from your graph
4. Describe the overall trend in each of the graphs. (What do they look like?)
5. Extension question. Describe the trend between each period on the periodic table. The
differences between each dotted section, for each graph.
6. Extension question. Describe the trend in each graph as you move across a period in the
periodic table. (between each dotted line in the graph)
7. Extension question. Use your graph to determine the relationship between the atomic radii
and movement down the periods (each group) on the periodic table.
8. If the hypothesis for this experiment was “If the atomic number increases then the atomic
radii should increase”. Write a conclusion for that experiment.
9. How could you measure the boiling point more accurately? (different types of
thermometers).
10. How would you ensure that the data (results) is reliable?
11. There are 2 ways to ensure that data or information is valid. You could either conduct a firsthand investigation (an experiment) or do some research. For each of these ways describe
what you would need to do to ensure that the above results are valid.
12. You could do the same experiment and gather results in a school laboratory. Name 3 things
that could be done better if the same experiment was conducted in a research laboratory?
Period 1
Period 2
Period 3
Period 4
3000
3
2000
2
Atomic
radii
(A)
Ionisation
energy
(kJ/mol)
1000
1
0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Atomic number (number)