Dr. Najat Abdulwahab Bukhari
Lecture 12
University Vision and Mission

Vision:
To be a world-class university and a leader in
developing Saudi Arabia’s knowledge economy

Mission:
To provide students with a quality education,
conduct valuable research, serve the
national and international societies and
contribute to Saudi Arabia’s knowledge
economy through learning, creativity, the use
of current and developing technologies and
effective international partnership.
Botany department Vision and
Mission
Vision:
upgrading the academic and research to keep pace
with scientific progress and requirements of society.
Mission:
Development of Academic process and develop
scientific research through strategic planning and a
clear vision for science and technology at the country
level. As well as training of national cadres, and the
introduction of a methodology developed to meet the
different needs of society, and to serve the various
research and developmental projects in the community
Course Description
Topics to be Covered
Topic
- Historical review of plant taxonomy (industrial ,
natural, evolution)
- Nomenclature
- Classic taxonomy (morphological taxonomy of
vegetation and floral characters – Fruits and seed
characters.
- Key to taxonomical unites.
- Fertilization and seed formation
- The different kinds of fruits
- The sexual differentiations of flowers and their
fertilization
No of
Weeks
Contact
hours
1
2
1
5
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
14
14
Floral formula

Floral formula is a summary of the structure and
components of a flower using symbols and
numbers.

The parts of the flower are represented by:

K (for calyx)
C (for corolla)
P (for perianth)
A (for androecium)
G (for gynoecium)
The symbol G has a line above it to indicate an
inferior ovary and a line beneath it to indicate a
superior ovary















The sexuality of the flower is represented by the
standard symbols for males (♂) and females (♀).
Bisexual
The symbols representing symmetry include:
ygomrphic
Actinomorphic
Zygomorphic
"M" for a monoecious system and
"D" when dioecious.
(PM) polygamomonoecious
(PD)polygamodioecious
∞ indicates an indefinite number of parts
(more than 12).
 ( ) If the parts are fused.
 ….+…. if they are in separate groups
 * = staminode; a sterile stamen
 Ḡ = ovary inferior to insertion point of the
other whorls.
 G = ovary superior to insertion point of other
floral whorls
 Ḡ = ovary inferior to superior - variation exists

The structure of a
flower is composed by
the previous floral
formula
and
appropriate symbols
and the placentation
type within the ovary.
Any descriptive terms
can be added to
describe an important
floral character such
as the sub- calex or
sterile stamens, etc.
.....
How to dissect a flower
Using the above rules we can follow these
steps and the observations:
Floral Diagram:
Floral diagram is the stylized cross sections of
flowers that represent the floral whorls as
viewed from above, showing the arrangement
and number of parts in a flower, ovary is drawn
as a cercal in the centre.
Posterior side
Peduncle.
In the case of florets the
focus is to the large flower
(axis of the rest of the
flowers).
If exists the bract is drawn
at the bottom of the paint,
to the Anterior side of the
flower.
The
floral
whorls
represented by circles.
Longitudinal Section
1- parts of flower drawn
by order of parts on the
pedicles.
2- taking in consecration
the ratio of the lengths of
these parts maintaining
the proportions of the
real lengths .
Positions of sepals and petals
do not represent the sector in
the longitudinal and represent
only the full parts and the fusion
places of docking between the
parts to each other while
maintaining the ratio
The longitudinal sector shows the
stamens position. Whether its out
of pedicel or . And shows the
various shapes of calyx.
Floral Diagram Symbols II
Sample floral diagrams
Sample Floral Diagrams Described
Distribution of sex in flowers
Poly sexual “ Mult
sexual”
Poly gamy
Multi sexual
flowers , male
and female
flowers
Bi sexual
Dio gamy
Some flowers
formed having
stamens and
pistils :
Mono sexual
Mono gamay
Mixed
pollination
Allo gamy
Mono sexual
Mono gamy
2- Dioecious
Having the male and female
organs in separate and
distinct individuals; having
separate sexes
Phoenix dactylifera
1- Monoecious
Having separate male
flowers and female flowers
on the same plant, as in
corn
Zea mays
Bi
sexual
2- Dichogam
the condition of having
stamens and pistils mature
at different times “Allo gamy
followed with Auto gamy “
1- Homogamy
the condition of having
stamens and pistils mature
at the same time
Two situations:
Homogamy
Cleisto gamy
Failure of a flower to
open, stamens and
styles mature “self
pollination.
Chasmo gamy
A flower which is
chasmogamous opens
and exposes the
stamens and styles.
Dichogam
Protogamy
Stamens mature
before styles. As
in strawberry.
Protandry
Styles mature
before stamens.
Compound family