Sec. 3 New American Diplomacy
Objectives: What is big stick diplomacy?
What is the open door policy?
What is the
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty?
Vocab/ Key Ideas People
• Sphere of Influence: area where foreign nation controls
economic development
• Open door policy: all countries can trade
• Dollar diplomacy: business increase trade and profits
decreases poverty and social disorder
• Guerrilla: armed group use surprise tactics instead of open
warfare
• Boxer Rebellion:
• Hay-Pauncefote Treaty: gave America legal right build canal
through Central America
• Roosevelt Corollary: (Monroe Doctrine) US would intervene in
L. American affairs when economic and politically needed
• Victoriana Huerta: seized power in Mexico
• Poncho Villa: protector of Mexico leader of guerrillas
Open Door
• 1894- China vs Japan
– China loses big
• Manchuria given to Japan
• Korea freed
– Russia, Germany and France
force Manchuria returned
• Later leased to Russia
• Leasing led to Spheres of
Influence
• McKinley and John Hay
support Open Door policy
Rebellion
• Boxers form to protect China
• 1900 destroy foreign devils and Chinese converts
• Boxer rebellion: take foreign embassies in Beijing
and Tianjin killing many including German
ambassador
• 8 Countries intervene
– 50,000 troops intervene (3400 Americans)
• America stops Japan from Partitioning China
Election of 1900
Anarchy
• William Jennings Bryan
attacked about the
imperialism
• William McKinley choose
Theodore Roosevelt as VP
– “Four years more of the Full
dinner pail”
• Sept. 6, 1901 visits Buffalo,
NY
– Leon Czolgosz shoots McKinley
– Dies few days later
Roosevelt
• Age 42 youngest President
• Republicans feared him as presidents
– “Now look, that…cowboy is president of the
United States”
• Wanted America to expand on the world stage
• Accepted Anglo-Saxonism ideas
Asia
• Roosevelt supports
Open Door policy
• Negotiated Japan and
Russia 1905
• Convinced Russia
except Japans
expansion
• Japan claim no new
land
– Nobel peace prize
A Man, A Plan, A Canal
• Roosevelt believed you show power and
people wouldn’t fight
• “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
Canal
• 1850 US and Brittan made agreement to built
canal together
• 1901 US gains full right to build any proposed
canal through Central America: Hay-Pauncefote
Treaty
• 1881 France began Panama Canal
• 1894 wanted to sell
Corollary
• Latin America debts very high
• Venezuela defaults
– Germany Italy and Britain
blockaded ports
• US resolved issues
• Roosevelt Corollary: US
intervene in Latin American
affairs when necessary to
maintain economic and
political stability
• US did so in Dominican
Republic
Taft’s Policy
• Taft will continue Roosevelt's policies
– More industry less military
• If American businesses helped everyone benefits
• Increase trade and profits, decrease poverty and social
disorder
• Known as Dollar Diplomacy
– American bankers took over Honduras debts and Haiti's
national bank
• Taft believed “substituting dollars for bullets”
Wilson
• Woodrow Wilson took office 1913
– Progressive leader
– Former law professor
– Opposed imperialism
Mexican Revolution
• Porfirio Diaz ruled 30 years
– Foreigners owned business and railroads
• 1911 widespread discontent
– Revolution
– Francisco Madero takes over
• 1913 General Victoriano Huerta took over
– Murdered Madero
• America will not recognize government without
support of US
– Citizens allowed to arm Huertas opponents
• April 1914 Sailors enter restricted area and gets
arrested
– Released but refuse apology
• Wilson gets resolution to attack
• Germans giving guns- Wilson shells Veracruz
– Marines seize the area
• Huerta out Carranza in
• 1916 Pancho Villa and Guerrillas attacked New
Mexico
– General Pershing sent to return Villa failure recalled in
1917