Four
Ethical Speaking Guidelines
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Always be ethical
Speak up and speak out (responsibly)
Promote positive cultural values
Be informed and prepared
Acknowledge shades of gray
Be ethical while speaking
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Be up front about intentions
Use truthful, accurate materials (give credit)
Concrete language
Be inclusive
Avoid verbal attacks
Don’t overuse emotional appeals
Respect others’ time
Accept responsibility
Tips to avoid Plagiarism
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Prepare early and manage time
Use a system for taking notes
Create something new with research
Use multiple resources
Give verbal credit
Abide by fair use
Civility
• Respect, manners, compassion & goodwill.
– Outcomes
• Promotes ethical practices
• Audience is more likely to keep listening
• Society as a whole benefits
Five
Listening
• Hearing versus Listening
• Active versus Passive listening
Listening Process
• Hearing
– Picking up stimuli
• Attending
– Choosing what to focus on
• Interpreting
– Assigning meaning
• Responding
– Internally or externally reacting to assigned interp.
Levels of Listening
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Pseudo-listening (fake-listening)
Appreciative (personal pleasure)
Empathic (identifying feelings)
Comprehensive (ignore distractions, interact
with message)
• Critical (analyze and evaluate)
Civil and Ethical Listening
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Open mind attitude
Courtesy in nonverbals
Seek out opposing viewpoints
Hold speaker accountable