GIS-Based Land Administration
Supporting Poverty Alleviation
Brent A. Jones, PE, PLS
ESRI
Industry Manager
Survey/Cadastre/Engineering
bjones@esri.com
GIS for Land Administration
All elements of land administration benefit from GIS
Cadastre
Land Registration
Surveying & Mapping
Valuation
Planning
Development
Land Management
Land Information Systems
Spatial Data Infrastructures
. . .GIS is the Technology Platform
GIS Provides the Platform
Modeling the Land Information Environment
Providing
• An Integrative (Geospatial) Framework
• Analytic Methods
• Advanced Visualization
. . . Providing Many Tools and Methods
. . . And Comprehensive Information Management
GIS Provides Centralized Data Management
Leveraging the value of data throughout the Enterprise. . .
Benefits
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Standardized Workflows
Standardized Data Structures
Eliminated Data Duplication
Leverages More Applications
Lowers Cost
Integrating Imagery
Leveraging the Imagery throughout the Enterprise. . .
High Resolution Imagery
• Change Detection
• Data Adjustment
- Raster to Vector
- Vector to Raster
GIS Analysis and Reporting
Supporting transparency and public reporting . . .
Land Information Systems
Integrating and Managing Land Information
Integrated Land Management
BLM
Property Valuation
Germany
Tax Mapping
Canada
Land Claim Registration
USAID-Timor Leste
Analyzing Transactions
National Data Portal
Oil & Gas Leases
Planning
GIS provides advanced analysis and visualization . . .
Urban Planning
California
Land Use Suitability
Montana
Urban Design
San Jose, California
Web Based Suitability
North Carolina
3D Zoning
Portland, Oregon
Urban Redevelopment
Bakersfield, California
Virtual City
Bangkok
Online
Community
Planning
U.K.
Arizona
Regional Planning
Puerto Rico
Integrating GIS and Valuation Systems
Modeling trends, improving revenue projections
Louisville/Jefferson County
Snohomish County
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Specialized Cadastral Workflow
Cadastral Editor provides new data structures for survey data
Workflow
Benefits
Perform Survey
• Incremental updates in
accuracy
Create Subdivision
Plan
Submit to Agency
Build Parcels and
other Cadastral
Elements
• Integration of Surveyors work
Cadastral
Fabric
Fit into Cadastre
Least Squares
Adjustment
• Standardized procedures
Geodatabase
Parcel Data Model
(Survey Accuracy)
Adjust other GIS
Layers
. . . Supporting Complex Workflows
Land Administration Data Flow
Leveraging the benefits of centralized data
Field Survey
Map Scan & Vectorise
Photogrammetry
GPS survey
CAD data
Capture
Standards
Requirements
Manage
Quality & Integrity
Structure & Topology
Cadastral Fabric
Versions &
Transactions
History & Archiving
Database Replication
Workflow
Geodatabase
Disseminate
Cadastral Maps
Data products
Metadata
Land Information
Services
Quality
Web Mapping
Data Transactions
Portals & Search
NSDIs
E-commerce
Process
Associate related data
Analysis & Reports
Visualization & Modelling
Cartographic design
Map production
MultiCadastre
Solution from International Land Systems, Inc.
Comprehensive multi-level
solution for creating and
maintaining seamless integrated
cadastral data for legal, fiscal,
planning, technical, mineral,
vineyard and other types of
cadastral records.
Fully supported, open and
interoperable system based on
industry leading COTS software
Low total cost of software
resulting from OEM of ESRI
technologies
ESRI technology (ArcGIS Desktop,
ArcGIS Server) for spatial data
management while also integrating
with ILS LRS Framework and
satellite products (ILS DSS, ILS
Cashier) for non-spatial data
management
MultiCadastre Components
Specialized solutions leveraging GIS technology
• MultiCadastre Editor – Capture, integrate and present
cadastral and relevant background data – Based on ArcEditor
• MultiCadastre Map – Single user, file based version of
MultiCadastre Editor – Based on ArcView
• MultiCadastre Server – Data storage, access and
maintenance of cadastral background and relevant data – Based on ArcGIS
Server
• MultiCadastre Web – Web based access to cadastral and
relevant background data – Based on ArcGIS Server
• MultiCadastre Mobile (future) – Mobile cadastral data capture Based on ArcGIS Mobile
The Importance of Cadastre
Security and capital to help alleviate poverty
Formalizing Land Ownership/Occupation is the
first step in providing land tenure security and
“unlocking” the capital in land for the poor
- Stability & Security
- Accumulation of Wealth
- Pass Property onto Heirs
- Collateral
- Many more. . .
Elements of Property Title
Organized, managed, accessible land records. . .
Transparency
Public Recognition
Recognition by Authorities
Stable Occupancy
Address
Elements of Property Title
. . .The Union of All Elements which constitute Ownership. . .
Parties
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Owners
Tenants
Mortgagors
Trustees
Attorneys
others
Property
Title
• Physical
Description
• Cadastral Survey
• Parcels
• Buildings
• Improvements
• Apartments
Rights
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Ownership
Leasehold
Servitude
Restriction
Encumbrance
Sale
Heir
others
Integrating Registry & Cadastral Systems with GIS
Linking and Leveraging Data in Parallel Systems
Application for
Registration
Legal
Documentation
Registry of
Property and
Ownership
Rights
ArcGIS Server
Rights & Restrictions –
Identified & Transparent
Survey & Mapping
Data
Cadastral
Survey Office
PID#
Index Map
#12:04401
ArcGIS Server
Title/
Deed
Ghana Land Titling and Registration
Case Study of Ongoing GIS-Based Land Registration Project
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Population – 23 Million
93 people/km2
GDP $690 per capita
Presidential republic
Capital – Accra
– Population 2 Million
• Ashiaman, Tema – Project Area
– Population 250,000
Ashiaman, Tema
Conditions in Ghana
Informal settlements
Conditions in Ghana
Informal settlements
Conditions in Ghana
Entrepreneurial culture
Conditions in Ghana
Entrepreneurial culture
Conditions in Ghana
Active, optimistic society
Traditional Title Process Results
Under utilized, overly complex system
• 80% of clients involved in pilot had given up on
existing registration process due to time and costs
• 100% of those who had continued process had not
seen any results
• Average years “in process” – 10+
. . . Too expensive and too long for typical Ghanians
Project Team
ESRI Business Partners
• Opportunity International
– Serving as a trusted broker
– First of a kind dimension to microfinance
• International Land Systems (ILS)
• SAMBUS (ESRI in-country Distributor)
• Trimble Navigation
• CIDG – Corporate Initiatives Development Group
Project Objectives
Develop a bottom-up approach to land registration
• Practical Implementation
– Build a process for cost and time effective land
registration/titling for the poor
• Microfinance focus – entrepreneurial poor
• Client-centric focus – demand driven
• Work with Government to avoid duplication
. . . Leverage new technology as the foundation for prosperity
Our New Methodology
Streamlined approach to land registration
• Use consolidated onsite interview,
survey and document review process
– Go to the clients
• Leverage Technology
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GIS
GPS
Titling software
Imagery
Video, Audio, etc.
• Use data to derive a para-legal title certificate
– “Provisional Title” is part of law
– Paralegal title conforms to provisional title parameters
• Pre-approved approach
– Registrar to issue provisional titles based on paralegal certificate
Technology
ESRI ArcGIS Server based system
• ArcGIS Server-based ILS MultiCadastre Software manages
all data and documents
– Property documents
– Photographs
– Video
• Very low cost per user
Land Claim Survey in Timor Leste
An example from USAID…
• Newest country in Asia
• 1 million people
• 100,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs)
• 15,000 km square
• 70% infrastructure destroyed (1999)
Source: Nick Thomas & Kim Glenn, ARD
Land Claim Survey in Timor Leste
An example from USAID…
• Using GIS and Mobile Technology to identify
and record land property claims
• Ongoing maintenance of records to support a
future land title registration system
• ArcGIS is underlying land information
management system
Source: Nick Thomas & Kim Glenn, ARD
GIS for Cadastre, Valuation & Address Management
Lithuania’s State Enterprise Centre of Registers (SECR)
• Responsible for Real Property Cadastre and Register,
Address Register, and Register of Legal Entities.
• Performs real estate valuation for taxation purposes
• SECR uses ESRI’s GIS technology for Computer Assisted
Mass Appraisal (CAMA) and to update, manage and
distribute cadastral and real estate information for:
– 2 million land parcels
– 700,000 buildings
– 500,000 engineering
constructions and utilities.
Integrated Land Registry and Cadastral Information System
Turkey – General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (GDLRC)
• Responsible for all cadastre and land
registration in Turkey
• ESRI GIS enables full integration of cadastral
and land registry systems
• Automated workflow management tools
model cadastral laws and business
processes
• Business benefits:
– Operational efficiencies
– Increased customer satisfaction
– Improved data quality and consistency
Unified Information System for Cadastre and Property
Register
Bulgarian Agency of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre and the Registers Agency
• Unifying operations across agencies
• ESRI GIS is the integrating information system
• Business benefit – all users have access to the
same property information
Municipal Revenue Generation Through Property
Taxation - Hargeisa, Somaliland
• Project Partners:
• UN HABITAT
• UNDP
• European Commission
ESRI & UN HABITAT 100 Cities GIS Program
Source: Jan Turkstra, UN HABITAT
GIS-Based Property Survey
Hargeisa, Somaliland
• Acquisition of geo-referenced
Quickbird imagery
• On-screen digitizing of all
buildings and other features
such as main roads, rivers,
airports, etc.
• Field data collection using
handheld computers with GPS
• Integration of spatial and
attribute data to form the
geodatabase
Survey cost: $0.82/property
In future, $0.68/property
Source: Jan Turkstra, UN HABITAT
The Business Case for Using GIS
Hargeisa, Somaliland
Investment of US$48,500 for property
survey– revenue of US$440,000 in first year
• Development of a property
classification schema using
the Property Database
• More equitable tax rates
based on property
characteristics
• Significant returns on
investment
• Sustainable business model
Previous: 15,850 properties = $145,000 per annum
Now: 59,000 properties = $440,000 per annum
New tax revenue: $710,000 per annum
Source: Jan Turkstra, UN HABITAT
Analyzing Urban Poverty
Caracas, Venezuela
• Used GIS to understand the
geographic and social
landscape of Barrio Petare
Source: Rosario Gusti de Perez and Ramon Perez
Site Analysis of the Environment
Caracas, Venezuela
• Analysis of the social and
environmental factors that
affect urban poverty
• Identify and understand the
complexities of Barrio Petare
Source: Rosario Gusti de Perez and Ramon Perez
Community Participation to Identify Alternatives
Caracas, Venezuela
• Scenario 1 – Proposal for a
North-South axis
• Scenario 2 – Proposed
succession of inroad
penetrations
Source: Rosario Gusti de Perez and Ramon Perez
GIS Adds Value
GIS leverages data for many uses. . .
• Urban Planning
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Reconstruction
Iraq
Opium Cultivation
Afghanistan
Slum upgrading
Sanitation
Transportation
Safety
Flood zones
Hazardous areas
Illegal occupation
• Health & Human Services
– Access to facilities
– Illness tracking/Mapping
– Managed care
• Spatial Data Infrastructures
• Many, Many more. . . .
Children Out Of School
Ethiopia
Humanitarian Aid
Darfur
GIS-Based Land Administration
Supporting Poverty Alleviation
Thank You!
Brent A. Jones, PE, PLS
ESRI
Industry Manager
Survey/Cadastre/Engineering
bjones@esri.com