ESS Final Review Sheet 2013
Name:_________________________________
1. What is a mineral? How do you know is a substance is a mineral or not?
2. The two main groups of minerals are silicates and non-silicates. What is the difference between them?
3. Which group of minerals makes up 96% of the Earth’s crust?
4. What are the 2 most common rock-forming minerals that make up 50% of the Earth’s crust?
5.
What is a crystal? Why can’t you always see a minerals crystal shape with you eye?
6. Why is color not a good way to identify a mineral?
7.
How do you find the streak of a mineral?
8. Which mineral property is described with words like conchoidal, irregular or splintery?
9. What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?
10. How do you find the hardness of a mineral? What scale is it? What is the hardest mineral?
11. The ratio of mass to volume it called____________________?
12. Define the following Rock Textures:
a. Coarse-grained
b. Fine-grained
c. Foliated
d. Non-foliated
e. Glassy
f. Vesicular
13. Why are crystals formed during a slow cooling process larger than crystals formed during a rapid cooling
process?
14. Intrusive igneous rocks have a ________________texture because they contain _____________crystals.
15. Light colored igneous rocks are called _________________.
16. Sedimentary rocks formed from rock fragments are ____________________.
ESS Final Review Sheet 2013
Name:_________________________________
Graph:
1.
Plot a substance that contains 65% silicon,
25% oxygen, 10% other elements and label it A
2.
Plot a substance that contains 30% silicon,
65% oxygen, 5% other elements and label it B
3.
Plot a substance that contains 50% silicon,
15% oxygen, 35% other elements and label it C
Extra Credit (5pts)
Think about the rock cycle pictured below. Explain how igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks form. Which type of rocks
were the first rocks on Earth?