COMPUTER BLOCK DIAGRAM, HARDWARE
DEVICES, SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
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Manesh T
Faculty In 111charge:
101CS
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
Parts of computer system
1. INPUT UNIT
Mouse, keyboard
2. OUTPUT UNIT
Printer, monitor, audio speakers
3. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

It is the heart of computer system.

All calculations and other operations are performed in this unit.
3 Parts
1. Control Unit (CU)

It controls and coordinates the activities of all other units.
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

All the arithmetical and logical activities are performed in the ALU.
3. Registers/Memory

The processor contains special storage locations called registers.
 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER
System Unit
Storage
HD
RAM
Registers
CU
ALU
CPU
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4. STORAGE UNIT
Store processed information

Primary storage unit


RAM,ROM
Secondary storage unit

Hard drives, floppy drives
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COMPUTER BLOCK DIAGRAM
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HARDWARE DEVICES
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IMPORTANT INPUT DEVICES:
Keyboard
Mouse
Other Pointing
Devices
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KEYBOARD
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THE MOUSE

The mouse is the most widely used pointing device.

A mouse is palm sized.

As the mouse is moved, its movements are mirrored
by the on-screen pointer.
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TYPES OF MICE
Wheel
Mouse



Cordless
Mouse
Wheel mouse – Contains a rotating wheel used to
scroll vertically within a text document; connects to
PS/2 port or USB port
Cordless mouse – Uses infrared signals to connect to
the computer’s IrDA port; it must be within sight of
the receiving port
Optical Mouse-
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OTHER TYPES OF POINTING DEVICES
Trackball
Touch
Screen
Pointing
Stick
Joystick
Touch Pad
Pen
AUDIO INPUT: SPEECH RECOGNITION



Speech recognition is a
type of input in which the
computer recognizes
words spoken into a
microphone.
Special software and a
microphone are required.
Latest technology uses
continuous speech
recognition where the
user does not have to
pause between words.
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DIGITAL INPUT: DIGITAL CAMERAS AND
DIGITAL VIDEO
Digital Cameras
Digital Video
Click on the
picture to play
the video.
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ALTERNATIVE INPUT DEVICES
Scanners
Flatbed
Fax Machines
Barcode reader
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DIGITAL CAMERAS



The image’s light falls on a charge-coupled device
(CCD) which transforms the light’s patterns into
pixels (individual dots).
Images are stored in the camera using flash memory.
The most popular types are CompactFlash and
SmartMedia.
Photo-editing programs enable the user to edit the
images.
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DIGITAL VIDEO
A video capture board transforms analog video into
digital video.
 Digital video cameras use digital technologies to
record video images.
 A Web cam is a low resolution video camera.

Web cam
Digital video
camera
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OUTPUT DEVICES: ENGAGING OUR
SENSES

Output devices are peripheral devices that enable us
to view or hear the computer’s processed data.

Visual output – Text, graphics, and video

Audio output – Sounds, music, and synthesized speech
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MONITORS
CRT

LCD
A monitor is a peripheral device which displays
computer output on a screen.

Screen output is referred to as soft copy.

Types of monitors:

Cathode-ray tube (CRT)

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD or flat-panel)

Light Emitting Diode(LED)

Plasma
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PRINTERS
A
printer is a peripheral
device that produces a
physical copy or hard
copy of the computer’s
output.
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TYPES OF PRINTERS
Inkjet
Laser
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STORAGE DEVICES
MEMORY VS. STORAGE
Hard Drive – storage



RAM – memory
Storage, also known as mass media or auxiliary
storage, refers to the various media on which a
computer system can store data.
Storage devices hold programs and data in units called
files.
Memory is a temporary workplace where the
computer transfers the contents of a file while it is
being used.
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HARD DISKS
Platter




Read/Write
head
Hard disks are high-speed, high-capacity storage
devices.
They contain metal disks called platters.
They contain two or more stacked platters with
read/write heads for each side.
Hard disks can be divided into partitions to enableSlide
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computers to work with more than one operating
system.
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IDENTIFY FOLLOWING HARDWARES
EXERCISE
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MOUSE
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KEYBOARD
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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
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INSIDE CPU
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MOTHER BOARD
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RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)
ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)
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HARD DISK
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VIDEO CARD
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PROCESSOR
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BLUETOOTH CARD
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SOUND CARD
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NETWORK CARD
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CD/DVD DRIVE
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WEB CAMERA
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SCANNER
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PRINTER
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JOY STICK
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MICROPHONE AND SPEAKERS
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SOFTWARE

Software: Software is a set of programs
Basic
applications
Specialized
applications
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1. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Definition
Application software is end user software that
is used to accomplish a variety of tasks
Example: MS word, MS Excel, MS PPT, etc…
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SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Master program
 Controls all hardwares connected to computer
 Collection of programs

Application
software
Operating
System/
system
software
Users
Hardware
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Application
Software
Computer/ System
Software
Interaction:
Users always interact
with application
software while doing
different activities.
Generally, users do not
interact with system
software as it works in the
background.
Dependency:
Application software
cannot run without the
presence of the system
software.
System software can run
independently of the
application software.
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SESSION 3
END
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