Enhancing Pre-AACR2 Records for
Chinese-American Scholars’ Publication:
UCSD's Project
Jim Cheng (jicheng@ucsd.edu)
Shi Deng (sdeng@ucsd.edu)
UCSD Libraries
The Problem
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A sample of bibliographic citations given by Prof. Esherick to
his students in Modern Chinese History class at UCSD:
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* Chow, Tse-tsung. The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual
Revolution in Modern China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press, 1960.
 * Ho, Ping-ti. Studies on the Population of China, 1368-1953.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959.
But, his students complained that by searching the author name, they
could not find these books, and when they searched the title, they
were not sure if the books were written by the right authors. Also,
the students did not know how to make the correct citations for
these titles because of the confusing library records.
UCSD records before the Enhancement Project
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Author: Zhou, Cezong, 1916Title: The May fourth movement : intellectual
revolution in modern China
Published: Cambridge : Harvard University Press,
1960 ……
Author: He, Bingdi
Title: Studies on the population of China, 1368-1953
Published: Cambridge, Harvard University Press,
1959 ……
Discussion of the problem
With the faculty, students, and the library
staff at the UCSD
 With the library colleagues on EastLib
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 A list
of 32 Chinese American scholars was
created in 2005
Causes of the problem
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Missing authorship statement in Pre-AACR2 records
 Pre-AACR2 records do not require transcription of
statement of responsibility (245c)
 This is OK before Pinyin conversion. Because most
forms used in name headings (100/700) are the same
as forms used in publication.
Pinyin conversion added another layer of complexity
 Many headings for Chinese-American scholars
changed from Wade-Giles to Pinyin that often differ
from what is in their publication.
 Became a major problem for confusion.
Inconsistency between UCSD catalog (Roger) and UC
union catalog (Melvyl)
 Some records are still in WG
 Melvyl doesn’t provide authority control
Project Planning
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Quick search of records that are non-Chinese
and don’t have 245c in our library catalog:
 3,499
records with “China” in subject headings
 3,652 records with “Chinese” in subject headings
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Not all these publications written by ChineseAmerican scholars
Can’t determine if the form used in a name
heading (100/700) is the same as it is in his/her
book, unless check the book
Project focus on 32 authors
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374 records were reviewed to determine which
one would be taken out of stacks
183 records were in English
169 titles were taken from stacks
Among books being taken from stacks
3
records remain no change because no statement of
responsibility found on t.p. or anywhere in book
 69 records enhanced locally by added 245c (41 DLC)
 20 records enhanced on OCLC (12 DLC) –mostly
adding Chinese parallel information
Name Heading
Known to faculty
Chinese
Variant form
Records
reviewed
Records in
English
Authority
Chang, Hao, 1937-
Chang, Hao
张灏
Zhang, Hao
7
2
Yes
Chang, Hsin-pao, 1922-
Chang, Hsin-pao
1
1
Yes
Han, Suyin, 1917-
Han Suyin
韩素音
Comber, Elizabeth Tangm, etc.
25
25
Yes
Han, Yu-shan, 1899-1983
Han, Yu-shan
韓玉珊
Han, Yushan
1
1
Yes
Hao, Yen-p’ing, 1934-
Hao, Yen-p’ing
郝延平
Hao, Yanping
3
2
Yes
He, Bingdi
Ho, Ping-ti
何炳棣
10
5
Yes
Huang, Han-liang, 1893-
Huang, Han-liang
1
1
No
Jiang, Wenhan
Chiang,Wen-han
Kiang, Wen-han
2
1
Yes
Jiang, Xiangze
Chiang, Hsiang-tse
Jiang, Arnold Xiangze; Chiang,
Siang-tseh
3
3
Yes
Li, Ji, 1896-1979
Li, Chi
李濟
8
6
Yes
Liang, Jingchun, 1890-1984
Liang, Ching-ch’un
梁敬錞
Liang, Jingdui; Liang, Chin-Tung;
Liang, Hejun; etc
5
3
Yes
Lin, Yaohua, 1910-
Lin, Yueh-hwa
林耀華
Lin, Yao-hua; Lin, Yueh-hua
8
5
Yes
Lin, Yutang, 1895-1976
Lin Yutang
林语堂
111
38
Yes
Ling, Nai-min
Ling, Nai-min
2
2
No
Liu, Kwang-Ching, 1921-
Liu, Kwang-Ching
劉廣京
9
7
Yes
Pian, Rulan Chao
Pian, Rulan Chao
赵如兰
3
3
Yes
江文汉
Liu, Guangjing
Name Heading
Known to faculty
Chinese
Qian, Duansheng, 1900-
Ch’ien, Tuan-sheng
Qu Tongzu
Variant form
Records
reviewed
Records in
English
Authority
錢端升
3
2
Yes
Ch’ü T’ung-tsu
瞿同祖
8
4
Yes
Shih, Ch'eng-chih
Shih, Ch'eng-chih
史誠之
3
3
No
Song, Yingxing, b. 1587
Song, Yingxing
宋应星
3
1
Yes
Sun, E-tu Zen, 1921-
Sun, E-tu Zen
任以都
Ren, Yidu; Zen, E-tu; Sun, I-tu Jen;
etc.
7
6
Yes
Sun, Yat-sen
Sun, Yat-sen
孙中山孙
文
Sun Zhongshan; Sun Wen; Sun, Ihsien, etc.
37
15
Yes
Teng, Ssu-yü, 1906-
Teng, Ssu-yü
鄧嗣禹
Deng, Siyu; Teng, S.y.
16
13
Yes
Ting, Li ???
Ting, Li
丁勵
Ding, Li
1
1
No
Wang, Yeh-chien
Wang, Yeh-chien
王業鍵
Wang, Yejian
4
2
Yes
Xue, Jundu, 1922-
Hsüeh, Chün-tu
薛君度
18
9
Yes
Yang, Liansheng, 1914-
Yang, Lien-sheng
杨联陞
7
4
Yes
Yu, Yingshi
Yü, Ying-shih
余英时
41
4
Yes
Zhang, Tianze
Chang, T’ien-tse
張天澤
2
2
Yes
Zhang, Zhongli, 1920-
Chang, Chung-li
张仲礼
14
6
Yes
Zhou, Cezong, 1916-
Chou, Ts’e-tsung
周策縱
9
4
Yes
Zhou, Xiangguang
Chou, Hsiang-kuang
周祥光
2
2
Yes
Shi, Chengzhi
Yu, Yin-shih
Chow, Tse-tsung
Project Process
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Students did initial search by author, printed records that
didn’t have 245c or any records in question, and took
books out of stacks based on printouts
Cataloging review on when to enhance locally or on
OCLC
 Most records only need to add 245c but if on OCLC
we would have to convert pre-AACR2 records to
AACR2 records
 Due to limited time and staff, most records enhanced
locally
 53 out of 92 records that lack 245c are DLC records
(57.6%)
Project was last about 4 months and completed in Sep.
A sample case study:
Search results of Chow, Tse-tsung in
Google, OCLC/WorldCat, and 5
major academic libraries in North
America
Google Search Result (The first 3 of
1,270 retrieved)
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The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual Revolution in Modern China
... CHOW TSE-TSUNG The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual
Revolution in Modern China Stanford, 1967. Softbound. Good to
Very Good, sl underlining. USD 3.88 ...
www.antiqbook.com/boox/tra/049223.shtml - 4k - Cached Similar pages
BookHq: The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual Revolution in
Modern ... ... 6 by Chow Tse-Tsung,Chow Tse-Tsung Edition:n/a
Pages:486 Book Format:Softcover ISBN:0674557514 Date
Published:06/1996 Publisher:Harvard University Press. ...
www.bookhq.com/compare/0674557514.html - 35k - Supplemental
Result - Cached - Similar pages
文 林（第二集） (English Version) Wen-lin: Studies in the Chinese
... 周策縱編Edited by Chow Tse-tsung. The first collection of Wenlin was edited by the ... This collection include articles by WACH
Dobson, Chow Tse-tsung, ...
www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/clrc/wenlin.html - 3k - Cached - Similar pages
OCLC/World Cat
Does not provide search of cross-reference
headings in WorldCat
 19
titles retrieved by searching Chow Tsetsung
 5 titles retrieved by searching Chou Tsetsung
 71 titles retrieved by searching Zhou Cezong
5 Major Academic Libraries
All have authority control and reference
structure in OPAC that redirect to Zhou,
Cezong, 1916 Most of old catalog records don’t have
245c for Chow, Tse-Tsung except Harvard
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LC:
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has authority control for Chow Tse-tsung, but it not in the record
LC Control Number:60010034
Type of Material:Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.)
Brief Description: Zhou, Cezong, 1916The May fourth movement: intellectual revolution in modern
China.
Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1960.xv, 486 p.
tables. 25 cm.
CALL NUMBER:DS775 .C5386 1960Copy 1–
Request in:Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area
Studies Reading Rms–
Status:Not Charged
Berkeley :
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has authority Control for Chow Tse-tsung, but it is not in the record
TitleResearch guide to The May fourth movement; intellectual
revolution in modern China, 1915-1924.
AuthorZhou, Cezong, 1916Place/PublisherCambridge : Harvard University Press,
Date1963.
Descriptionxi, 297 p. ; 24 cm.
SeriesHarvard East Asian series, 13
Harvard East Asian series, 13
NotesAdded title on cover: Wu ssu yun tung yen chiu tzu liao.
Subject HeadingsChina -- History -- May Fourth movement, 1919.
Other AuthorsChou, Ts`e-tsung, 1916- The May fourth movement.
Location(s):
 East Asian DS775.C53862 1963 Reading Room
Not checked out.
Stanford :
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has authority control for Chow Tse-tsung, but it is not in the record
The May fourth movement: intellectual revolution in modern
China
Zhou, Cezong, 1916Jump to call number/location/availability
Author: Zhou, Cezong, 1916Title: The May fourth movement: intellectual revolution in modern
China. Imprint: Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1960.
Physical Description: xv, 486 p. tables. 25 cm.
Series: (Harvard East Asian studies ; 6)
Note: Added t.p. in Chinese.
Notes: Bibliographical references included in "Notes" (p. [391]-456)
Subject (LC): China--History--May Fourth movement, 1919.
Columbia : Has authority control for Chow Tse-tsung, but it is not in the record
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Author:Zhou, Cezong, 1916-
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Title:Research guide to The May fourth movement; intellectual
revolution in modern China, 1915-1924.
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Physical Description:xi, 297 p. 24 cm.
Series:Harvard East Asian series ; 13
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Publisher/ Date:Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1963.
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LC Subjects:China--History--May Fourth movement, 1919.
Material Type:BookLocation (guide):East Asian
Call Number:DS775 .C53862
Status:Not checked out
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Harvard:
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has authority control for Chow Tse-tsung and it is in the reocrd
Author : Zhou, Cezong, 1916Title : The May Fourth movement : intellectual revolution in modern China
/ Chow Tse-tsung.
Edition : Pbk. ed. Published : Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University
Press, 1967, c1960.
Locations/Orders : Availability
Location : Quad Library RESERVES DS775 .C5386
1967 Holdings Availability
Location : Widener Harvard Depository [Consult Circ. Desk for
HW0MQV.] Holdings Availability
Description : xiii, 486 p. ; 22 cm.
Notes : "Originally published in the Harvard East Asian series."
Notes : Includes bibliographical references (p. [391]-456) and index.
Subject : China -- History -- May Fourth movement, 1919.
HOLLIS Number : 005828923
Questions / Discussion
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What options would you have to enhance your local
library catalog and improve access to ChineseAmerican scholars’ publication?
What options would OCLC CJK Users have to make
shared efforts to benefit the East Asian studies
community as whole, especially libraries using
OCLC?
More than half of these pre-AACR2 records are DLC
records, what are alternative approaches to
enhance these records on OCLC?
 BIBCO
 CJK User Group shared project
 OCLC Quality Control
Thank You!