Introduction to the Elements
By Frankie
www.chemicalelements.com
Alkali Metals
Alkali Metals are found in group 1 of the periodic table. They
are very reactive metals and you will not find them pure in
nature. These metals only have one electron and will easily
lose it only electron to ionic bond with other elements. They
are just like other metals but they are a little softer. Alkali
Metals will explode if comes in contact with water.
The Alkali Metals are:
Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Cesium Francium
Alkali Earth Metals
The Alkali Earth Metals is the group 2 of the periodic table.
They all have an oxidation number of +2 and that makes them
very reactive. Because of their reactivity you won’t find them
freely in nature.
The Alkaline Earth Metals are:
Beryllium Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium
Transition Metals
Transition Metals are found in group 3 through 12 and
consist of thirty-eight elements. Like all metals they are
ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat
well. The thing with these metal are their valence electrons
are in more then one shell. That is why they have several
common oxidation states. Iron, cobalt, and nickel are only
one known to produce a magnetic field.
The Transition Metals are:
Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum
Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold
Mercury Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Ununnilium Unununium Ununbium
Other Metals
7 element that are in group 13, 14, and 15 are called
Other Metals. Again like all metal they ductile and
malleable but unlike Transition Metals they don’t have
various oxidation states because they only have valence
electrons on their outer shell. All of the other metal are
solid, have a high density, and are opaque. Their oxidation
numbers of +3, ±4, and -3.
The Other Metals are:
Aluminum Gallium Indium Tin Thallium Lead Bismuth
Metalloids
The Metalloid are found along the zig-zag line that separate
between Metals and Non-Metals. They have properties of
both Metal and Non-Metal. Silicon and germanium are semiconducters and only conduct energy on special conditions.
This is useful in making things like computers and calculator.
The Metalloids are:
Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Polonium
Non-Metals
Non-Metals are found in group 14 to 16 on the periodic
table. Non-Metals are really bad at conducting energy
and are very brittle. Non-Metal are gasses or solid at
room temperature. They are not shiny are can not
reflect light. Their oxidation numbers are ±4, -3, and -2.
The Non-Metals are:
Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Selenium
Halogens
Halogens are in group 17. Halogens means salt former
and any compound that contains a halogens is called a
salt. All Halogens have seven electrons on their outer
shells and they all have an oxidation number of -1.
Halogens exist in all the matter of states.
The Halogens are:
Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine
Noble Gasses
There are six noble gasses that lie under group 18. Their
oxidation number is 0 so they really that good at forming
compounds. The noble gasses have the maximum amount
of electron they could possible have in their outer shell (2
for helium and 8 for the other 5). Because of this they are
completely stable.
The noble gasses are:
Helium Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon
Rare Earth Elements
Rare Earth Elements are separated into two groups, the
lanthanide and actinide series. Some of them are transuranium, which means synthetic or man-made. They are
found under group 3 and also found under the 6th and 7th
periods.
The Rare Earth Element are:
Lanthanide Series Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium
Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
Actinide Series Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium
Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium