Environmentally Friendly
Alternative Fuels Critical to Aviations Future
Future of Aviation Advisory Committee
(FAAC)
Subcommittee on the Environment
August 10, 2010
Richard L. Altman
Executive Director,
Commercial Aviation Alternative
Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)
www.caafi.org
Aviation Biofuels – Multi-year History
CAAFI
Formed
2006
“(The) U.S. aviation industry is eager for an
entirely new fuel dynamic and will be an
enthusiastic purchaser “
……..Letter dated 1/16/09 to President Elect
Obama
New Sustainable Dynamic
Economic Need
F
Gasoline
Jet < 10%
30
25
Improve Fuel Fraction
Million bbl per day
Diesel
20
U.S. Consumption
Total
Imports
15
70%
63%
10
5
U.S. Production
2005
0
1975
1985
1995
2005
2015
Enhance Supply Security
Reduce Crack Spread
3
New Sustainable Dynamic Environment Need
120
Data for 50 Largest U.S.
Airports
100
80
Nonattainment
60
40
20
0
Ozone
Air Quality
Global Climate
PM 2.5
Reduce PM 2.5
Contain CO2 Growth
CAAFI - Who We Are
14 Aircraft,
engine,
subsystem
OEM’s
21 Airlines, Exec
Jets, Military,
airport orgs.
Aerospace
Industries
Association
Airports Council
International –
North America
3 International
Finance
15 Think Tanks,
Consultants
8 Universities,
FAA Center of
Excellence
Federal Aviation
Administration
17 government
agencies / labs
Air Transport
Association
4 Oil service
providers
45 fuel
producers
350 Sponsors/Stakeholders From All Continents
* Actual attendance at 9/30/09 meeting 230 people, 125 entities
CAAFI/FAA Leveraging Government Partners
COMMERCIAL AVIATION
• 10X USAF fuel market
• Multi-year procurement
and hedging fuel purchasing
•oversight of certification via
ASTM
• Concentrated Airport
Distribution (80% of fuel to 35
locations)
• Single global environmental
framework via ICAO (U.N.) –
FAA is U.S. Representative
• R&D Resources via NASA,
FAA (CLEEN), Many
Commercial teams
DOD/USAF
• Self contained
development,
certification,
procurement.
• R&D Fuels research
assets at via AFRL
• Initial Fit for Purpose
testing via AFRL
• Section -526 LCA
compliance with DOE
• Certification for
Synfuel via Mil Spec
• Initial purchases of
synfuels to verify
production Scale up.
CAAFI – How We Operate
Facilitate
Maximum
Opportunity
“Flow-up”
Focus and
Communicate
Requirements
“Flow Down”
Deploy
Develop
DISTRIBUTORS / FBO’S
FUEL PRODUCERS
FEEDSTOCK SUPPLIERS
2009 Aviation Achievements
•
First Major Aviation Fuel Qualification
in 20 Years passed – ASTM D7566!
•
Four flight programs of Biofuels
•
ICAO Accepted Best Practices
- Fuel Readiness Level risk
management.
- CO2 LCA Analysis
Principles
•
Four Commercial projects formed
Winner 2010 Air Transport World
Joseph S. Murphy Award
for Industry Service!
2010 Off to Excellent Start
•
Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ/ Bio-SPK)
tracking to 12/10 ASTM Approvals (Jan. - June)
•
White House recognition of Aviation as lead
customer for Biofuels (Feb.)
•
FAA/DESC “Single Fuel Buyer” Alliance (March)
•
Greatly expanding the scope of potential
supplier discussions (April, May)
•
First Quantitative Jet Fuel Carbon LCA
(PARTNER) leads aviation centric impact
quantification (May)
•
“Farm to Fly” with USDA announced (July)
“One Buyer” United Aviation Exhibit at
Farnborough Air Show (July)
•
Going Forward Approach/Challenges
• Accelerate Development
and Certification
• Mechanisms for Rapid
Deployment and Quality
Assurance
Camelina Rotation Crop
• Environmental Certainty
and Crediting (Carbon and
PM2.5)
• International Harmonization
and Cooperation
Fiberized Sweet Sorghum
Accelerated Development / Certificaton
In Process
Issue / Challenges
• Execute Fuel
Readiness with
USDA/DOE/DOD to one
roadmap
Current FAA
Advanced Fuel
Programs is one
year Congressional
Plus up
• Increase Number of
processes and
feedstocks qualified
• Implement
“Feedstock Readiness
Risk Management
(FERL) to Match Fuel
Readiness
CAAFI Certification Timing Targets and Status
Year
Fuel Type
Status
2009
- 50% FT Synjet blends
including biomass/coal/gas
- Approval executed
September 09’ under ASTM
D7566
2010
- 50% HRJ Synjet Blend
- Currently being
balloted…12/10 Approval target
2013.4
- Other Biofuel process
blends
- Fermentation Processes from
sugar and Cellulosic material
- Catalytic Processes
processes from sugar and
cellulosic material
- Pyrolisis from cellulosic
material.
12
Rapid Deployment / Quality Assured
In Process:
Issues/Challenges
• Initial MOU’s, intent to
execute Purchase
agreements, signed
• Financial Support
inadequate:
- One year
funding of $1/gallon
introductory credit
- 80% Loan
guarantees for
production facilities
- 5 year max.
purchase agreements
for government buyer
• Many Success
Models Being Pursued
at State Level
• “Top Down” regional
studies (“farm to fly”),
tools development
• Quality Assurance
targeted with
Congressional “Plusup”
• Quality Program
multi-year to assure
success.
Multiple Success Models (most promising)
* airline/producer agreements ** study proposals or Pilot Plants
California*
Florida **
Georgia
Hawaii**
Illinois**
Michigan**
Minnesota**
Mississippi*
Ohio**
New York**
North Carolina
North Dakota**
Pennsylvania**
Oklahoma
Tennessee**
Texas**
Washington*
Planning & Tools Developments
Tool Suite Available or in process
• ACRP 02-07 Fuel Cost /benefit (complete)
• ACRP 02-18 Airport / Supply chain handbook
• ACRP 02-23 PM 2.5 Airport Priorities
• Carbon Neutral Growth Scenario Analysis
• Next Gen Insertion Optimization Tool
Projects to Begin Soon
• “Farm to Fly” Regional Top Down analysis
• ACRP Multi-Modal Assessment project
• USAF / CAAFI “Biofuels Summit II” with USDA with
USDA regions.
• Feedstock Readiness Level Risk Management
Construct under USDA / FAA MOU
Environmental Certainty / Crediting
In Process
Issues and Challenges
• DOE / USAF carbon
LCA (sec -526)
Compliance Model (with
FAA/EPA)
• Crediting benefits fo
Purchaser under comingling
• PARTNER (MIT) / FAA
Aviation Specific Carbon
Life Cycle Analysis
• Air Quality PM 2.5
measurement and
analysis process gains
• Examination of
Verification Process
candidates
• How will Renewable
Index Number process
be applied in RFS-2?
• Slow development
of Aviation specific
Particle modeling tool
• Will Aviation
Specific Issues have
priority at EPA (we’re
2% of GHG)?
“Ground to Wake” Carbon LCA
Executed by DOE /
USAF with
FAA/MIT and EPA
Aviation Specific LCA
Compatible International Planning
In Process
Issues and Challenges
• EC Interchange and
Contributions with
CAAFI Teams
• Taxes (ETS) vs.
Environmental friendly
fuel incentives
• Leverating strong
Independent Partner
Assets with E.C.
• Renewable quotas vs.
carbon neutral growth
• U.S. Cooperative
• Specific proposals for model difficult to emulate
areas of cooperation
owing to member state
differences in EC
• Broad Participation in
the Roundtable on
• “Opportunity cost”,
Sustainable Fuels, Air
time penalties EC/US
Transport Action Group negotiations
(ATAG)
Europe/U.S. Have Strong Partner Assets
• Industry Partnerships – e.g.
CFMI, IAE, P&W/MTU
• Significant standing (FAA/EU)
dialogue
• EU / CAAFI program links now
• Shared contractors/processes
• Similar approach to ICAO
(U.N.) (2009 common
goals/methods )
Environment Friendly Aviation Fuels?
• Aviation Positioned on
“Cutting Edge” to be high
visibility“First Mover”
• Pathways / roadmaps to
success established
/recognized
• Challenges / Remedies
well understood
• U.S. CAAFI Public / Private
Coalition global model