Chapter 10: Section 1
• The kingdom of Judah, home of the
Jews, was taken over by the Romans
in 63 B.C under the Roman Emperor
Augustus.
• It was turned into a Roman province
called Judaea and was ruled by a
Roman governor called a
procurator.
• Some Jews worked with the Romans,
others opposed Roman rule and
kept their Jewish traditions, and
some Jews moved to isolated areas
and shared their belongings.
• The Jews called Zealots fought the
Romans and rebelled.
• The Romans crushed the rebellion,
destroyed the temple, and killed
thousands of Jews.
• The Jews rebelled again in A.D. 132
and were again defeated.
• This time the Romans forced all Jews
to leave Jerusalem and banned
them from returning.
• By A. D. 700 the Jews had set up
communities as far west as Spain
and as far east as central Asia.
• In later centuries they settled in the
Americas and throughout Europe.
• In these scattered communities the
Jews managed to keep their faith
alive by studying and following
their religious laws.
A man who preached love and forgiveness.
• During Roman times, many Jews
hoped that God would send a
messiah, or deliverer. The Israelite
prophets predicted that a messiah
would come.
• A few decades before the first Jewish
revolt in Rome, a Jew named Jesus
left his home in Nazareth and began
preaching.
• Jesus traveled throughout Galilee,
the region north of Judaea,
preaching his ideas.
• He soon assembled a band of 12 close
followers called disciples.
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12 Apostles
The 12 Apostles of Jesus:
1. Peter (also known as Simon Peter)
2. Andrew (Simon Peter's brother)
3. James son of Zebedee
4. John (James' brother)
5. Philip
6. Bartholomew
7. Thomas
8. Matthew
9. James son of Alphaeus
10. Thaddaeus (Judas, son of James)
11. Simon the Zealot
12. Judas Iscariot (who betrayed Jesus)
• Matthias (who replaced Judas)
What Did Jesus Teach?
• According to the Christian Bible, Jesus
preached that God was coming soon to
rule the world.
• He urged people to turn away from
sinful ways.
• He also told them that following the
Jewish religious laws was not as
important as having a relationship with
God, whom Jesus referred to as Father.
 According to Jesus, God’s command
was simple:
“Love the Lord your God with all your
heart and with all your soul and with
all your mind and with all your
strength.”
“Love your neighbor as yourself.”
 Jesus’ message of love and forgiveness
helped shae the values many people in
Europe and america hold today.
Jesus of Nazareth c. 6 B.C.–A.D. 30
Sermon on the Mount
• The main points of Jesus’ message are given in
group of sayings known as the Sermon on the
Mount.
• Jesus said that a person had to love and
forgive from the heart.
• Jesus told his listeners to love and forgive each
other because God loves and forgives people.
• The 8 Beatitudes
Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the
Kingdom of Heaven.
Blessed are the meek: for they shall posses the
land.
Blessed are they who mourn: for they shall be
comforted
Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after
justice: for they shall have their fill
Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain
mercy
Blessed are the clean of heart: for they shall see
God
Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be
called children of God
Blessed are they that suffer persecution for
justice' sake, for theirs is the Kingdom of
Heaven
Note:
Reference Matthew 5:3-10.
The Rise of Christianity
Sermon on the Mount
The Parables
• Jesus often used parables to present
his message.
• Parables are stories that used events
and everyday life to express
spiritual ideas.
• Some of his parables include:
– The Prodigal Son
– The Good Samaritan
– The Lost Sheep
These stories taught that God
forgives and wants people turn
away from bad deeds.
The Last Supper
• In A.D. 33, Jesus went to Jerusalem to celebrate
Passover.
• He was greeted by large cheering crowds.
• In the event known as the Last Supper, Jesus
celebrated the holiday with his 12 disciples.
• Fearing trouble, leaders in Jerusalem arrested
Jesus and he was charged with treason.
• As punishment Jesus was crucified, or hung
from a cross until dead.
Da Vinci’s The Last Supper
The Crucifixion
What factors led up to the crucifixion?
• Jesus and his message drew strong
responses from people.
• Some believed that he could heal the sick
and perform miracles.
• Others believed him to be the long
awaited messiah.
• Judaea’s Roman rulers feared the effects of
his preaching and felt that he was a threat
to law and order.
The Resurrection
• After Jesus’ death, his followers made a
startling claim.
• They announced that Jesus had risen
from the dead.
• The disciples pointed to his empty tomb
as proof that Jesus was the messiah.
• The reports of Jesus’ resurrection, or
rising from the dead, led to the spread of
a new religion called Christianity.
The First Christians
• Jesus’ disciples began to spread the
message of Jesus and his
resurrection.
• Those that accepted Jesus Christ and
his teachings became known as
Christians.
• The word Christ comes from the
Greek word Christos which means
messiah.
• The early Christians formed
churches, or communities for
worship and teaching.
• They met in people’s homes to pray
and study the Hebrew Bible.
An Early Christian Church
Paul?
• Apostles, or early Christian
leaders who helped set up
churches and spread the
message of Jesus, played an
important role in the growth
of Christianity.
• Two of the most important
apostles were Peter and Paul.
• Simon Peter was a Jewish
fisherman who had been one
of Jesus’ 12 disciples.
• Peter went to Rome after the
death of Jesus and helped set
up a church there.
Paul of Tarsus
C. A.D. 10–65
Paul of Tarsus
• Paul of Tarsus was another important
religious leader.
• He was a well-educated Jew and a
Roman citizen. Paul at first hated
Christianity and persecuted Christians.
• According to Christian beliefs, Paul saw a
great light and heard the voice of Jesus
on his way to Damascus.
• He became a Christian and spent the rest
of his life spreading the message of Jesus.
• He founded many churches throughout
the Mediterranean.
Christian Beliefs
• Christians taught that Jesus is the Son
of God and had come to save the
people.
• By accepting Jesus and his teachings,
people could achieve salvation, or be
saved from sin and allowed to enter
heaven.
• Christians came to believe that God
existed in three persons: Father, Son,
and Holy Spirit.
• This became known as the Trinity.
The First Christians
What happened to the Jews after
they were banished from
Jerusalem?
The Jews settled in many far-off
places, such as Spain and central
Asia. However, they still kept their
religion alive.
The First Christians
Why did Roman rulers punish
Jesus with death?
They feared his preaching would
create a strong reaction among
people that would threaten law and
order.
The First Christians
What are parables, and why did
Jesus use them?
A parable is a story that uses events
from everyday life to express
spiritual ideas.
The First Christians
What do Christians believe they will
gain by accepting Jesus and his
teachings?
They believe they will gain salvation,
be resurrected, and have everlasting
life.
The First Christians
Explain Why was Jesus put to
death?
Roman rulers feared he might
threaten law and order.