EAS
Search and Rescue Overview
International standards, protocols and mechanisms
Mr Nigel Clifford
General Manager Safety & Response
Maritime New Zealand
Ms Christine MacMillian
Manager, Search & Rescue
Australian Maritime Safety Authority
Search & Rescue Genesis - Maritime
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Maritime SAR – driven by international
events and domestic responses to ship
wrecks over generations
Maritime tradition, customary law and
agreements
1948 Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation
Became the International maritime Organisation in 1982
Grown to cover most matters related to shipping
1970’s Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
1979 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR Convention)
Search & Rescue Genesis - Aeronautical
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Impact of World War II
Freight and Passenger air travel explosion
Recognition of need to support air transport and
passenger safety for the post war world
International Civil Aviation Organisation
established 1947 under the 1944 Convention on
International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention)
ICAO/IMO SAR Evolution
• Parallel, but co-ordinated evolution through:
• International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)
• International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
Both coordinate, on global basis, member States’ efforts to provide SAR services.
ICAO / IMO goal – ensure SAR services available wherever people fly or sail
worldwide.
Annex 12 Search and Rescue & SAR Convention
Annex 12
• Applicable to the establishment, maintenance
and operation of SAR services in the territories of
Contracting States and over the high seas, and to
the coordination of such services between States.”
SAR Convention
• ‘Search and Rescue Service’ - “the performance
of distress monitoring, communication,
coordination and search and rescue
functions……within search and rescue regions
……cooperation between nations
ICAO SAR ANNEX 12
and
IMO SAR Convention
Administrative structure
Implementing Guidance
ICAO RANP’s and IMO Global SAR
Plans
Regional SAR Plans (where applicable)
National SAR Plan
ICAO-IMO SAR Manuals
Regional SAR Manuals
National SAR Manuals
RCC Plans of Operations
International Aeronautical and Maritime
Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual
• Joint ICAO / IMO publication
Primary purpose
• To assist States meet SAR needs
and obligations per the SAR
Conventions.
• Guidelines - common aviation and
maritime approach to SAR as part
of Global SAR system.
New edition 1 June 2013
ICAO/IMO Joint Working Group on Harmonization of
Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (JWG)
• Established 1993 to develop recommendations and information to
support IMO and/or ICAO on any matters pertinent to harmonization
of international maritime and aeronautical SAR.
• Members expected to serve as individual SAR experts rather than
State representatives.
• No power to make recommendations to States or any organization
other than IMO and ICAO.
• IAMSAR Manual - JWG recommends content and amendments.
Air Traffic Growth - Global
Source ICAO:
In 2012:
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2.9 billion people used scheduled air
transport
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5.4 trillion passenger-kilometres
performed (PKPs), up 4.9% from 2011
Forecast:
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Over 6 billion people by 2030
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Number of flights should double from
30 million to 60 million per year
Air Traffic Growth – Asia/Pacific Region
Source ICAO, 2013:
• In terms of PKPs, the Asia/Pacific Region is the world’s largest scheduled air
passenger market with 30% of world traffic.
• Forecast to 2015 - Asia/Pacific Region will remain the largest market.
Source Boeing, Feb 2014:
• Airlines in the Asia/Pacific will take 36% of all commercial aircraft
manufactured over the next 20 years.
• Nearly half of world air traffic growth will be driven by the Asia/Pacific region.
• Asia/Pacific Region’s airlines will nearly triple their fleet sizes to 14,750 jets
by 2032 from 5,090 jets in 2012.
2013
2010
2002
2013
2010
2002
Search & Rescue – Mass Casualty Guidance
COMSAR/Circ.31 6 February 2003 - GUIDANCE FOR MASS RESCUE OPERATIONS
prepared by the Joint ICAO/IMO Working Group on Harmonization of Aeronautical
and Maritime Search and Rescue at its ninth session (2002), to:
“assist Member Governments in preparing for, and co-ordinating aspects of, major
incidents involving rescue of large numbers of persons in distress from ships or
downed aircraft; and in working with companies that operate large passenger ships
and aircraft to ensure that they are prepared to effectively support such rescue
efforts.”
US Coastguard – ‘Black Swan’ Exercise series
International Maritime Rescue Federation
Search & Rescue - Characteristics
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Best endeavours commitment – Rescue Coordination Centre concept
Primacy within own Search and Rescue Region (SRR)
Recover persons in distress and transport to a ‘place of safety’
Co-operative across SRR boundaries
Apolitical
Coordination and Communication not ‘Control’
Civil/military mix, some Joint RCC’s, some environment specific
Vast majority of operations, small-scale, short-duration, simple, single
SRR
International SAR in Context
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SAR is focused on the rescue and recovery of persons in distress
SAR mandates, authority, capabilities and training align to this focus
Recent aviation tragedies - SAR component reduces and stops
Natural disasters have a SAR component but much else besides
Mass rescue for SAR a major challenge – resources, currency, skills
Most likely mass rescue scenario – large passenger vessel
Nations’ approach to SAR varies but international frameworks are clear
• The frameworks support, encourage and guide SAR coordination and
communication – this is the approach to build on
Questions?