The Circulatory System
by Heidi Boland, Kate Stewart, Noah
Siedman, and Kip Clark
Blood Flow In Body
Blue = Deoxygenated Blood
Red = Oxygenated Blood
(Source 4)
The Heart
-Pumps blood throughout the body.
-The heart is divided into: Right and Left
Ventricles, Right and Left Atriums.
-Deoxygenated blood from body --> right
atrium --> right ventricle --> lungs.
Oxygenated blood from lungs--> left atrium -> left ventricle --> body.
(Source 11)
(Source 3)
Valves
-The structure of the heart includes multiple valves because it is
essential that blood flows in the correct direction.
Why do we have valves?
-We have valves in order to prevent backflow of blood. It
assures that the blood flows in the correct direction.
(Source 11)
(Source 5)
BLOOD VESSELS
Blood vessels are intricate networks of
hollow tubes that transport blood
throughout the entire body.
Cells Lining Blood Vessels
Endothelial cells line all of the blood vessels in the circulatory
system. These cells reduce friction and allow blood to flow
farther, faster.
(Source 9)
Arteries
Structure
Function
-The walls (outer structure) of
arteries contain smooth muscle
fibres
-Very thick to withstand pressure
-Transports oxygenated blood
around the body, mostly away
from the heart.
-Source 13
(Source 7)
Function
Veins
Structure
-Thick walls like the arteries,
-Veins have valves that
aid the return of blood to the heart
by preventing blood from flowing
in the reverse direction.
-Transport blood towards the
heart.
-Thick walls to withstand pressure
-Transport deoxygenated blood
only (except in the case of the
pulmonary vein).
-Source 13
(Source 2)
Venules
Structure
Function
-Venules are minute vessels.
-Many venules unite to form a
vein.
-Drains blood from capillaries into
veins, for return to the heart
(Source 13)
(Source 8)
Arterioles
Structure
-Arterioles are tiny branches of
arteries that lead to capillaries.
-Source 13
(Source 6)
Function
-Transport blood from arteries to
capillaries, regulate blood flow
and pressure by constricting and
dialating
Capillaries
Structure:
Branch off from arterioles. Tiny
and one cell thick which permits
exchanges of material between
the contents of the capillary and
the surrounding tissue. Red blood
cells go through one at a time.
-Source 13
Function:
Responsible for diffusion between
blood and various cells. Supply
organs with blood, to remove
waste from surrounding cells,
exchange of gases and water
between the blood and
surrounding tissues.
(Source 1)
Deep Vein Thrombosis
-While arteries pump blood through smooth muscle contraction,
veins rely on skeletal muscle movement for continuous blood
flow.
-Deep Vein Thrombosis occurs in a long, stationary situation,
when blood can clot in veins deep within the body.
-If the blood clots in a deep vein, it has the potential to travel to
the lungs and can be fatal.
(Source 12).
Gas Diffusion at the Cellular Level
-In the lungs, capillaries receive oxygen
-Between capillaries and body cells, oxygen, carbon dioxide (as
a form of waste) diffuse to and from the cells.
-Carbon Dioxide is later exhaled
-Gas diffusion happens when capillaries are in close contact
with red blood cells. If the the red bloods are not close to
capillaries they will not give off gas. Therefore the optimal place
for gas diffusion to happen is when red blood cells are in
contact with capillaries.
(Source 9)
Bibliography Images
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Nov. 2010. <http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Venules?cx=partner-pub0939450753529744%3Av0qd01-tdlq&cof=FORID%3A9&ie=UTF8&q=Venules&sa=Search#906>.
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Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2001. Print.
Bibliography
10.http://www.ivyrose.co.uk/HumanBody/Blood/Blood_Vessels.php
http://web.buddyproject.org/web019/web019/heart.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UztBWnRY8l0&feature=fvw
11."Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology." Nature Publishing
Group. 11.11 (2010): Print.
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Net. Medicine Net Inc., 10 Mar. 2010. Web. 2 Nov. 2010.
<www.medicinenet.com>.
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