FINAL EXAM 3 HLBB
Mr. Nordall
Read the following questions carefully choosing the best answer!!
1. What testosterone producing cells are found in-between the seminiferous tubules?
a. sertoli cells
b. granulosa cells
c. leydig cells
d. spermatagonia
2. In parthenogenesis, reproduction occurs through:
a. an unfertilized gamete
b. cells splitting, or “budding”, from the parent
c. a fertilized gamete
d. a diploid cell formed by a sperm and egg
3. ____________ is when the LH surge in a female is triggered by neural impulses brought about
by the act of copulation.
a. Protogyny
b. Fecundity
c. Fertilization
d. Induced ovulation
4. Dioecious is defined as:
a. a sequential hermaphrodite
b. an individual in which both male and female sex organs are present and they have
the capability to produce both sperm and egg at the same time
c. when male sex organs are in one individual of a species while female sex organs
are in another
d. reproductive potential
5. All of the following aid sperm in reaching and fertilizing an egg EXCEPT:
a. mucus contained in the seminal fluid acts as a conveyance for the sperm
b. lipids provide an energy source for the sperm
c. proteolytic enzymes act on seminal fluid to make it a more watery substance and
thus more highly motile
d. alkaline materials buffer the acids normally found in the vagina, preventing them
from killing the sperm
6. If a sperm and egg successfully bind, all of the following occurs EXCEPT:
a. sperm nucleus and proximal centriole are drawn into the egg
b. the vitelline envelope thickens at point of contact
c. nuclei and haploid chromosomes are united
d. fertilization cone is extended toward egg
7. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), which initiates the production of reproductive
hormones by the testes and ovaries, is secreted by:
a. Thymus
b. Hypothalamus
c. adrenal glands
d. pituitary glands
8. At the point of ovulation, an egg will be in what stage?
a. Ootid
b. Ovum
c. primary oocyte
d. secondary oocyte
9. Each individual sex cell in a female is located within:
a. primary oocyte
b. follicle
c. oogonia
d. sertoli cell
10. The primary chemical precursor of male and female reproductive hormones is:
a. Cholesterol
b. Testoterone
c. Androgen
d. Estrodiol
11. Collectively the production of sperm and eggs in organisms is called:
a. Spermatogenesis
b. Oogenesis
c. Parthenogenesis
d. Gametogenesis
12. Cleavage represents the point at which:
a. a blastula becomes a gastrula
b. mammary glands in vertebrates develop
c. a zygote begins rapid mitotic divisions
d. blastomeres become compacted
13. Animals that deposit eggs outside the body of the female are:
a. Viviparous
b. Oviparous
c. Ovoviviparous
14. Birds produce ________ eggs which undergo ___________ embryonic development.
a. isolethical, ovoviviparous
b. isolethical, oviparous
c. telolethical, ovoviviparous
d. telolethical, oviparous
15. Once the egg has been fertilized but before it begins to divide it is called a:
a. Gamete
b. Zygote
c. Blastula
d. Gastrula
16. During differentiation, the endoderm gives rise to:
a. the digestive tract
b. the nervous system
c. the blood vessels and heart
d. the special sense organs
17. In the process of organogenesis, which of the germ layers differentiates first and what
will it form?
a. endoderm, digestive tract
b. mesoderm, vertebral and skull columns
c. mesoderm, skeletal muscles
d. ectoderm, nervous syste
18. At the primitive streak, all of the following occurs EXCEPT:
a. a thickened region formed from morphogenetic movement which carry epiblast
cells toward the middorsal, longitudinal axis of the blastoderm
b. cells begin to move inward individually
c. a longitudinal groove is formed in the primitive streak at the point of ingression
d. the first cells to ingress give rise to the mesoderm
19. During gastrulation, all of the following occurs EXCEPT:
a. bilateral symmetry changes to radial symmetry
b. rearrangement of cells in the blastula
c. formation of the three germ layers
d. cells with different potentials are brought into parts of the embryo appropriate for
their continued growth and development
20. Eggs which have yolk concentrated at the vegetal pole and the cytoplasm and nucleus
concentrated at the animal pole are defined as:
a. Viviparous
b. Ovoviviparous
c. Isolethical
d. Telolethical
21. A notochord is:
a. the outer layer of cells formed when the blastomeres become tightly compacted
during cleavage
b. a rod of turgid cells which act as a hydrostatic skeleton
c. a type of neural tube
d. located adjacent to the nephric ridge
22. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage, is located:
a. in the epiglottis
b. in the nasal septum
c. between vertebrae
d. in the external flap of the outer ear
23. __________ cells are mature bone cells that account for most of the cell population.
a. Osteocytes
b. Osteoblasts
c. Osteoprogenitors
d. Osteoclast
24. The replacement of cartilage by bone tissue during development is called?
a. Peristalis
b. Osteolysis
c. Ossification
d. cartilage synthesis
25. All of the following are primary functions of skeletal system is EXCEPT:
a. Support
b. storage of lipids and minerals
c. blood cell production
d. to break down and build up matrix
26. Striated muscle tissue is found in the:
a. the lining of the body cavities
b. blood vessels
c. skeletal muscles
d. internal organs
27. There are a total of _________ bones in the body.
a. 120
b. 198
c. 206
d. 250
28. Connective tissue (cartilage) in the body, does all of the following EXCEPT:
a. absorb shock
b. prevent bone to bone contact
c. increase blood flow to the bones
d. withstand compression
29. The point at which a muscle possesses the most movement is called the:
a. point of origin
b. insertion point
c. flexion point
d. extension point
30. The power of a muscle is determined by:
a. the relationship between the muscles cross-sectional area and its length
b. the rate of work a muscle can perform
c. the number of fibers as estimated by a cross-sectional area of the muscle
d. the force that a muscle can generate
31. A small animal, like a shrew, is likely to:
a. have a large surface area to volume relationship
b. have a low metabolic rate
c. require minimal energy maintain temperature
d. easily overheat
32. The axial skeleton is comprised of all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Skull
b. Vertebrae
c. thoracic cage
d. pelvic girdle
33.
a.
b.
c.
d.
is proportional to its cross-sectional area
the work of a muscle
the power of a muscle
the force of a muscle
the contraction of a muscle
34. Protein digestion is aided by:
a. bile salts
b. proteases
c. amylase
d. microorganisms (symbiotic relationship)
35. Saliva is formed by the secretions of all of the following glands EXCEPT:
a. pineal gland
b. parotid gland
c. buccal gland
d. sublingual gland
36. Fecal matter gets its characteristic color from:
a. digestion of chitin
b. acidic chyme
c. breakdown of hemoglobin
d. emulsified fat globules
37. Which of the following does not occur during the swallowing process?
a. epiglottis covers the glottis
b. soft palate rises to cover the nasal pharynx
c. breathing momentarily stops
d. muscular contraction of pharynx move the bolus into the trachea
38. Uric acid is the principle nitrogenous waste of all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Fish
b. Reptiles
c. Insects
d. Birds
39. The small intestine:
a. is avascular
b. has a small surface area
c. has a very smooth internal structure to facilitate the digestion process
d. contains a network of villi and microvilli
40. Which of the following is not a characteristic of natural ecosystems:
a. it is self preserving
b. it is often a monoculture
c. it is energy efficient
d. it moves towards complexity
41. The main function of gobblet cells is:
a. to release enzymes that act upon all major categories of food (carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids)
b. decrease surface area for the absorption of nutrients
c. produce mucus to line intestine and prevent autodigestion
d. to prevent material from re-entering the small intestine
42. The _________ keeps blood moving in only one direction in the heart
a. Arteries
b. Chambers
c. Valves
d. Veins
43. The _________ is the largest artery in the body?
a. Aorta
b. pulmonary artery
c. coronary artery
d. superior vena cava
44. The air filled sacs where oxygen is diffused into the blood are called:
a. Capillaries
b. Atriums
c. Alveoli
d. Septum
45. The last step in the process of swallowing is
a. Peristalsis
b. muscles contracting to move bolus from mouth to esophagus
c. the epiglottis covers the glottis
d. soft palate rises over nasal pharynx preventing entrance of food
46. Structural invaginations of the small intestine are an adaptation to:
a. increase vascularization
b. to increse combined surface area
c. to accomodate the network of villi and microvilli
d. a & b
e. just a
47. The only artery in the body that carries deoxyginated blood is
a. Renal
b. pulmonary
c. coeliac
d. caudal mesenteric
48. The only vein in the body that carries oxygen rich blood is
a. pulmonary
b. cephalic
c. common carotid
d. subscapular
49. O2 diffuses from _____ into blood and CO2 in _____ diffuses out to be expelled
a. bronchial tubes / alveoli
b. alveoli / cappilaries
c. lungs / cappilaries
d. heart / lungs
50. The largest chamber in the heart is
a. right atrium
b. right ventricle
c. left atrium
d. left ventricle
51. The role of bile is:
a. to emulsify lipids
b. to hydrolyze lipids
c. to neutralize chyme
d. to provide enzymes for the breakdown of hemoglobin
e. a & c
52. Capillaries within tissues reach each cell:
a. Idividually
b. by diffusion
c. through smaller vessels
d. using valves
53. The number of chambers in the hearts of vertebrates is not equal. This can be attributed
at least in part to:
a. how far the heart has to pump blood
b. whether or not the organism has lungs
c. how active the organism is
d. the rate at which the heart pumps
54. During the cardiac cycle the period of relaxation in each chamber of the heart is called ?
a. Peristalsis
b. Diastole
c. Systole
d. pericardium