THIS PRESENTAION HAS BEEN RATED TG-13 TEACHERS’ GUIDANCE STRONGLY ADVISED Some Material May Be Unintelligible For Students Under 13. Intense Frames of Scientific Instruction, Analysis, Comparing and Contrasting, Description, and for Some Vocabulary. BY THE CLASSIFICATION AND RATING ADMINISTRATION © 1852 All Rights Reserved VOID WHERE PROHIBITED BY LAW PBIS ANTI-VACUITY The authorized reproduction or distribution of this copyrighted work is highly encouraged. Lethargic obtuseness is insubordinate and is discouraged by PBIS, as it may result in little or no monetary gain after secondary education or a fine of $250,000. © 1852 All Rights Reserved VOID WHERE PROHIBITED BY LAW ASTRONOMY Jovian PLANETS OBJECTIVES By the end of this presentation, students will be able to • compare the similarities between the Jovial planets; • contrast the differences between the Jovial planets; • list four physical features of each Jovial planet. The Jovian Planets P L JUPITER The largest planet JUPITER Distance: 483.6 million miles Revolution: 11.86 yrs. Rotation: 9 hrs. 50.5 min. Radius: 44,360 miles Volume: 1328×Earth Mass: 318×Earth Density: 1.33 g/cm3 JUPITER Escape Velocity: 37.0 mi/s Surface Temp.: ave. 158ºF Moons: 67 – Io, Europa, Callisto, Ganymede, etc. Atmos.: 87% H2, 13% He with three cloud layers totaling 600 miles thick. JUPITER Features: Has no solid surface. Its surface is an ocean of liquid H2 about 15,000 miles thick. The Great Red Spot is a large swirling region of phosphine (PH4). It rises about 24 mile above the surrounding atmosphere. Winds around 350 mph are common. Io Io Io Europa Europa Callisto Callisto Ganymede Ganymede SATURN The Ringed planet SATURN Distance: 1,427 million miles Revolution: 29.46 years Rotation: 10 hrs 14 min Radius: 37,300 miles Volume: 752×Earth Mass: 95.2×Earth Density: 0.7 g/cm3 SATURN Escape Velocity: 22.1 mi/s Surface Temp.: ave 122ºF Moons: 63 – Titan, Dione, Rhea, Mimas, Tethys, etc. Atmos.: Similar to Jupiter SATURN Features: Winds topping 450 mph are common. Large swirling region similar to Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, but this is white. Ring system is extremely complex, stretching from 3000 to 300,000 miles wide and up to 1 mile thick. SATURN Features: Saturn’s moon Titan is the largest in the solar system and has an atmosphere. Moons Janus and Epithemius interchange orbits. Titan URANUS The Rolling planet URANUS Distance: 2,870 million miles Revolution: 84 years Rotation: 17 hr 14 min Radius: 15,800 miles Volume: 64×Earth Mass: 14.5×Earth Density: 1.3 g/cm3 URANUS Escape Velocity: 13.1 mi/s Surface Temp.: const -355ºF Moons: 27 – Titania, Miranda, etc. Atmos.: 88% H2, 12% He. Thick cloud layer of ammonia deep in the atmosphere URANUS Features: Axial inclination is 97.9°. Due to an ammonia haze, the clouds and other atmospheric features are obscured from normal vision. NEPTUNE The Blue Giant NEPTUNE Distance: 2,790 million miles Revolution: 164.8 years Rotation: 16 hrs 3 min Radius: 15,100 miles Volume: 54×Earth Mass: 17.2×Earth Density: 1.8 g/cm3 NEPTUNE Escape Velocity: 15.3 mi/s Surface Temp.: const -353ºF Moons: 14 - Triton, Nereid, etc. Atmos.: Similar to Uranus’ but without the ammonia layer. NEPTUNE Features: Identical structure to Uranus, but without as thick of a haze. The Great Dark Spot is an anticyclone of high pressure that bubbles up through the methane atmosphere. Its companions S1 and Scooter are high altitude cirrus clouds of crystalline ammonia. PLUTO P L The First Dwarf Planet PLUTO Distance: 3,666 million miles Revolution: 248.5 years Rotation: 6.39 days - retro Radius: 721 miles Volume: 0.01×Earth Mass: 0.002×Earth Density: 2 g/cm3 PLUTO Escape Velocity: 0.6 mi/s Surface Temp.: ave. -370ºF Moons: 5 – Charon, Styx, Nix, Keberos, Hydra Atmos.: Maybe none; maybe very thin similar to Triton’s. PLUTO Features: Rocky core with a crust of frozen methane. Since its moon, Charon, is close to the same size, and orbital proximity, they could be considered a double planet. Other Dwarf Planets include: • • • • • • • Ceres Eris Haumea Makemake Sedna Xena Quaoar Asteroids Minor Planets Asteroids - the minor planets. 1; Vesta - brightest, third largest. 2; Pallas - second brightest. 3; Ceres - third brightest, largest (567 mi dia.). Pholus - farthest from the sun ( 1,881 mill. mi). 433 - Eros - closest to the sun. 620 - Geographos - closest approach to earth is 3 million miles. Asteroid is 2.4 mi in dia. 2062 - Aten - orbit is most similar to Earth’s 4147,4148,4149,4150 - the fab four. 951 Gaspra Ida and Dactyl Exoplanets Planets orbiting other stars ASTRONOMY Jovian PLANETS