Outdoor and
Environmental Studies
TAYLORS LAKES SECONDARY COLLEGE
UNIT 3 REVISION 2014
S
Exam Format
S Duration- 2 Hours
S 13 Questions
Unit 3- Relationships with the
Outdoors
S The focus of this unit is the ecological, historical and social
contexts of relationships between humans and outdoor
environments in Australia. Case studies of impacts on
outdoor environments are examined in the context of the
changing nature of human relationships with outdoor
environments in Australia.
Outcome 1
S On completion of this unit the student should be able to
explain and evaluate how relationships with Australian
outdoor environments have changed over time, with
reference to specific outdoor experiences.
Key Knowledge
S
An overview of Australian outdoor environments before humans, including
characteristics of biological isolation, geological stability, and climatic
variations
S
Relationships with Australian outdoor environments expressed by specific
Indigenous communities before and after European colonisation
S
Relationships with Australian outdoor environments as influenced by:
S
The first non-Indigenous settlers’ experiences
Increasing population – industrialisation
S
Nation building
S
Key Knowledge Continued…
S The foundation and role of environmental movements in
changing relationships with outdoor environments, in
relation to at least one of the following:
S The Wilderness Society
S Australian Conservation Foundation
S Victorian National Parks Association
S Greenpeace
S Gould League.
Key knowledge
S An Overview of Australian Outdoor Environments before
Humans, Including characteristics of Biological Isolation,
Geological Stability and Climatic Variations.
Biological isolation
S Limited transfer of animals and plants between countries/land
mass due to isolation from the ocean or distance.
S Therefore species evolve without other intervention.
S Introducing speciesS Aboriginals- introduced Dingos and eliminated Mega Fauna
changing the landscape (Excessive hunting).
S Europeans- made a larger impact by introducing a range of things
to make Australia feel more like Europe. For E.g. Patterson’s
Curse, Rabbits, Kane Toads etc.
S They also prevented fire stick farming and the nomadic existence
of the aboriginals.
Geological stability
S Describes how stable a country is in relation to level of
movement in Techtronic Plates.
S Australia is an example of a stable country, as it is not
close to the meeting of two plates. Majority of the
country’s landscape is flat.
S
Due to limited amount of movement our soil quality is
lower than other countries closer to the ends of the Tectonic
Plates.
S In comparison New Zealand sits directly over Plates
resulting in movement and a Mountainous landscape.
S New Zealand Earth Quake 2011 an active Plate it is
more likely to experience Earthquakes due to the plates
slipping.
Climatic variations
S Changing in weather patterns.
S Shapes and effects Flora and Fauna in different areas of the
planet.
S Recent increase in extreme weather can be attributed to
climate change.
Key knowledge
S Relationships with Australian Outdoor Environments
expressed by specific Indigenous communities before and
after European Colonization.
Specific indigenous community
S Jardwadjali and Djabwurrung People
S The first people that occupied the Grampians area prior to
European colonisation were the Jardwadjali and Djabwurrung
people
Places of Significance
S The Jardwadjali and the Djabwurrung are the traditional owners
of a large part of the Grampians area but many othr tribes also
used it as a meeting and trading place during certain seasons.
S The Grampians was central to the Jardwadjali and the
Djabwurrung people as it provided a variety of foods such as eels,
fish from the streams as well as kangaroos and emus in the
bushlands.
Jardwadjali and
Djabwurrung relationships
before Europeans
RELATIONSHIPS BEFORE EUROPEAN
SETTLEMENT
PERCEPTIONS (what they thought)
 The land was perceived in terms on k inship (connection by blood,
marriage, adoption, family)- Land as mother and protector
 Spiritual connection with land
 Land was perceived in terms of wor ship
 The land owned the people as much as they owned the land - equal to it.
 They are related to and par t of the land
 The sacred nature of the land impacted on all aspects of life.
 The Dreaming (aboriginal spirituality) made strong links with people,
the land and all living things
 Spirits formed the ear th’s landscape ( eg. rainbow serpent)
 When spirits die they are absorbed into the ear th or go to the sky sacred sites
 People came from the ear th & return to the ear th when they die
 Sacred sites extremely impor tant
 Par t OF the land. Equal to the land.
RELATIONSHIPS BEFORE EUROPEAN
SETTLEMENT
PERCEPTIONS (what they thought)
 Aborigines had totems – individually and as a tribe
 Nature provides everything needed for survival –
food, tools, clothing, shelter
 People have a responsibility to protect and care for
the land, individually and collectively
 People are part of the earth and must live in
harmony with it
RELATIONSHIPS BEFORE EUROPEAN
SETTLEMENT
INTERACTIONS (what they did)
 Hunting and gathering
 N o m a d i s m / s e m i - n o m a d is m - m o ve d w i t h t h e s e a s o n s o r a f te r s m a l l p e r i o d o f t i m e
s o t h ey d i d n o t ex h a u s t s u p p l i e s
 F i r e s t i c k f a r m i n g - u s e o f f i r e to c l e a r l a n d to c r e a te / r e g e n e r a te g r a s sl a n d s to
a t t r a c t l a r g e m a m m a l s f o r h u n t i n g a n d m a ke t r av el e a s i e r
 S a c r e d s i te s - b u r i al s i te s , s i te s o f w o r s h i p to t h e a n c i e n t s p i r i t s a n d c e r e m o ni e s .
T h e s i te s o f te n c o i nc i d e d w i t h e c o l o g ic a l ly s e n s i t i v e a r e a s – s u c h a s b r e e d i n g
g r o un d s f o r f o o d s p e c i e s
 S u s t ai n a b l e
 C o n s e r va t io n z o n e s
 Ro c k p a i n t i n g







Fo o d – s h e l l fi s h , b i r d e g g s , ya m s et c
H u n t i n g – p o s s ums , ka n g a r o o s , e m u s , s e a l s
To o l s - m a d e s to n e to o l s f r o m r o c k s o n b e a c h
C l o t h i n g – m a d e c l o a k s & b a g s o f p o s s um o r ka n g a r o o s k i n
S h e l te r – s t a c ke d s h e et s o f b a r k a g a i n s t a t r e e / b r a nc h
Tr a n s p o r t – m a d e c a n o e s f r o m b a r k to t r av e l to P h i l l i p a n d Fr e n c h I s l a n d s
Annual ceremonies & feasts
RELATIONSHIPS BEFORE EUROPEAN
SETTLEMENT
IMPACTS (the effects)
 Nomadic lifestyle meant impact was minimal
 Generally very low - middens, rock art, scarred trees and stone
carving sites are often all that remain
 Introduction of Dingo (extinction on mainland of Thylacine)
and possible impacts on some marsupials .
 Firestick farming may have change forest environments creation of grasslands, assist in destruction of fire sensitive
species (beech forest), promotion of plants that regenerate
after fire (eucalypts)
RELATIONSHIPS BEFORE EUROPEAN
SETTLEMENT
 IMPACTS (the effects)
 May have helped in extinction of Megafauna due to hunting –
giant wombat (diprotodon) & giant kangaroo (procoptodon)
 Fish traps
 Decreased populations of aquatic birds due to harvesting of
eggs in spring
Jardwadjali and Djabwurrung
relationships after colonisation
S Aboriginal Relationships
S Europeans believed Australia to be Terra Nullius.
S Tricked Aboriginals into signing over land.
S Aboriginal life changed significantly due to reduction of space
to carry out every day life as a nomad.
Treated as pests

Unfortunately in many
parts of the country,
aboriginal people
where treated worse
than feral animals.
Farmers and
landowners would ride
into camps shooting
men, women, children
and babies for the sport
of it. While this was still
considered murder, it
mostly went unreported.
Mounted police engaging Indigenous
Australians during the Slaughterhouse Creek
Massacre of 1838
Stolen generations

Aboriginal people were
often forcibly moved from
their land if it was of value
to settlers. Children who
had mixed blood, were
routinely taken from their
parents and moved to
orphanages across the
country (the stolen
generations)
Now the minority
A
lot of people in more populated areas
of Australian were put onto reservations
and missions operated by the
government and the church. Today
aboriginal people make up less than 1%
of the population, they survived in larger
numbers in more remote country areas.
Rectifying the wrongs

Aboriginal history is unfortunately a very
sad one, however in 1967 they were
allowed to vote (previous to this they could not
vote as they were officially recognised at Fauna –
native animals).
Mabo
In 1992 the landmark
‘Mabo’ case recognized
native title of the first time’.
This case disputed the
legal principal of ‘Terra
Nullius’, by which the British
legally occupied Australia.
The British Government
successfully argued that
the aborigines did not
have a civilised society,
until it was overturned in
1992.
Mabo changing attitudes
 Some
land has since been returned to the
traditional owners.
 Increasingly Indigenous Australians are
being acknowledged as the traditional
owners of the land and as having great
knowledge of the environment.
Reconciliation

In 1999, then Prime Minister John Howard
passed a seven-point Motion of
Reconciliation – a nationally significant step
forward despite the controversial expression
of “deep and sincere regret” for past
injustices, hurt and trauma imposed on
Indigenous people. The expression was
publicly debated because of a call to the
Prime Minister from many for a straight “sorry”.
Reconciliation - Sorry Day


The National Sorry Day followed this step for reconciliation.
On 13 February 2008, the Commonwealth parliament
passed a motion that formally apologised to the Stolen
Generations. The then Prime Minister Kevin Rudd tabled the
motion, apologising to Indigenous Australians for "for the
laws and policies of successive Parliaments and
governments that have inflicted profound grief, suffering
and loss".
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKWfiFp24rA
Today
 Indigenous
Australians are politicians,
teachers, technicians, painters, singers,
musicians, athletes, scientists,
environmentalists etc..
 Increasing opportunities enable all
aboriginals to enter the spot light in all
walks of life, becoming the valuable
members in society that they are.
Relationships
Key knowledge
S Relationships with Australian Outdoor
Environments as influence byS The First Non-Indigenous Settlers Experience
S Increasing Population
S Industralisation
S Nation Building
Key Skills
S Describe the characteristics of the Australian environment
before humans.
S Describe and analyse the changing relationships with
Australian outdoor environments expressed by specific
Indigenous communities.
S Describe and analyse the changing relationships with
Australian outdoor environments influenced by historical
events and associated key social and cultural issues.
Key Skills Continued…
S Evaluate the role of a specific environmental movement in
changing relationships with outdoor environments.
S Plan for and reflect upon a range of practical sustainable
outdoor experiences and analyse relevant information
collected during these experiences.
S Evaluate changing relationships in relation to a particular
outdoor environment visited.
First Non Indigenous Settlers
experience
S Found the land Terra Nullius.
S Initial view of the land- hard, barren, seasons at the wrong
time, hot and not England.
S Acquired land and viewed Australia as a opportunity to
make money.
S No thoughts to sustainability.
S Introduced Plants and Animals to make more like England.
Increasing Population
S Gold Rush in the Stawell area
S Damage due to mining
S Technology increasing without thought to the environment.
S Effects to the Australian Environment due to increase in
immigration.
S More people more facilities.
Industralisation
S Increasing technology- increased efficiency in every day life as
well as the consequences for the environment.
S Infrastructure improved- roads, railways etc.
S The need to feed, house, employ and provide energy and other
services to a growing population.
S Development and Exports dominated the relationship with the
land.
Grampians eg = Heatherlie quarry.
Nation Building
S The return of solders from WW1 and WW2 provided opportunity
and challenges.
S Increase in the Infrastructure developments.
S Returning Vets and immigration provided a workforce to help in
the construction of dams, roads, farms and large scale energy
projects. All of which had large implications for the Australian
environments.
Grampians eg.= Bellfield dam, roads, paths and NP constructed.
Key knowledge
S The foundation and role of environmental movements in
changing relationships with outdoor environments, in
relation to at least one of the followingS The Wilderness Society
S Australian Conservation Society
S Victorian National parks Association
S Greenpeace
S Gould League
Environmental Movements
S Need to research and know one in detail.
S Australians during the early 70s started to change their view
of the use of Australian resources.
S Sustainability is now starting to be considered.
S Today the battle between $ and sustainability continues.
S Youtube examples
The Wilderness society.
• Purpose is protecting,
promoting and restoring
wilderness areas.
• Is not for profit, has no
political affiliations is
community based and has a
policy of non violence.
• Best known for their successful
campaign to stop the damming
of the Franklin River in
Tasmania.
The Wilderness society.
Overview
• The Wilderness Society is a national, community-based,
environmental advocacy organisation whose purpose is protecting,
promoting and restoring wilderness and natural processes across
Australia for the survival and ongoing evolution of life on Earth.
• The Wilderness Society works through the avenues of public
education and empowerment, advocacy and negotiation, and desk
and field research. The Wilderness Society is politically unaligned,
but uses democratic processes to maximise wise conservation
decisions.
‘Save the Franklin’
Read over the Franklin River Article
Answer the Following questions:
• What was the issue at the Franklin River?
• What effect has this initial campaign had on
environmental movements (“Green campaigns”)?
• What effect would damming have on this river (up
and down stream)?
• Why is this case seen as a turning point for
Australia’s thinking about the environment?
• This movement was the beginnings of the Wilderness
Society. How has this movement and group changed
people’s relationships with the Franklin River and
other local areas?
Outcome 2
S Contemporary relationships with outdoor environments
S In this area of study students examine current relationships
between humans and outdoor environments. They examine
a number of ways outdoor environments are portrayed in
different media; the dynamic nature of relationships
between humans and their environment; and the social,
cultural, economic and political factors that influence these
relationships.
Key Knowledge
S Contemporary societal relationships with outdoor
environments reflected in different forms of conservation,
recreation, primary industries, and tourism practices.
S The factors influencing contemporary societal
relationships with outdoor environments, including:
S The effects of different technologies
Key Knowledge Continued…
S Commercialisation of outdoor environments and outdoor
experiences.
S Portrayals of outdoor environments and outdoor experiences
in the media, music, art, writing and advertising.
S Social responses to risk taking.
S Social and political discourses about climate change, water
management, biosecurity and other contemporary
environmental issues.
Key Skills
S Plan for and reflect upon a range of practical sustainable outdoor
experiences and analyse relevant information collected during
these experiences.
S Compare and contrast different contemporary societal
relationships with outdoor environments.
S Analyse and evaluate factors influencing contemporary societal
relationships with outdoor environments.
S Analyse contemporary social and political discourses about
environmental issues.
Grampians Excursion
S
The Grampians National Park (also Gariwerd) is a National Park in Victoria, Australia, 235
Kilometers west of Melbourne.
S
Features of the ParkS
S
S
S
S
S
Large areas of Wilderness.
Many walking trails for recreational users
Large camping grounds catering for many groups.
Native wildlife and plant species.
Brambuk cultural centre
Problems the park is facingS
S
S
Pollution
Human effects
Past Mining at Heathlea Quarry
Grampians Excursion
Continued…
S Changes over timeS Large amounts of indigenous heritage
S Relatively untouched until Industralisation brought quarrying.
S Walking tracks marked out for recreational users.
S Commercialisation of activities
S Declared a National Park to restrict deforestation and quarrying
S Reasons why we went to the excursionS Learn about Indigenous and European interactions.
S To see effects of Commercialisation and Tourism.
S Enjoy the area as a recreation and study site.
Key Knowledge
S Contemporary societal relationships with outdoor
environments reflected in different forms of conservation,
recreation, primary industries, and tourism practices.
Different Forms of
Conservation
S Key Terms
S Contemporary Relationships- Refers to events and interactions
that have occurred within the last 10 to 15 yrs.
S Conservation- The protection and enhancement of the
environment.
Different Forms of
Conservation
S Definition of Conservation: The protection and
enhancement of the environment.
S Conservation - Examples:
• Environmental groups
• The Wilderness Society
• Australian Conservation Society
• Victorian National Parks Association
• Greenpeace
• Gould League
Different Forms of
Conservation
•
National Parks
S
S
S
Australia has over 500 national parks. Over 28 million hectares of
land is designated as national parkland, accounting for almost four per
cent of Australia's land areas. In addition, a further six per cent of
Australia is protected and includes state forests, nature parks and
conservation reserves.
National parks are usually large areas of land that are protected
because they have unspoilt landscapes and a diverse number of native
plants and animals. This means that commercial activities such as
farming are prohibited and human activity is strictly monitored. They
are also areas that protect significant historical and Aboriginal cultural
areas.
Australia's first national park, was proclaimed on 26 April 1879,
south of Sydney in New South Wales. It is now known as the
Royal National Park. It was the second such park to be declared in
the world, the first being Yellowstone National Park in the United
States of America.
Different Forms of
Conservation
S National Parks Continued…
• State Parks- provide a natural setting for recreational
activities.
• State Forests- exist to provide a sustainable flow of
timber supples.
• Example of a close National parks- Great Otways
National Park and Brisbane Ranges National Park.
• State Parks- Lerderderg State park and Werribee
Gorge.
Different Forms of
Conservation
• Management strategies
• Natural resource management refers to the
management of natural resources such as land,
water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular
focus on how management affects the quality of
life for both present and future generations.
• It brings together land use planning, water
management, biodiversity conservation, and the
future sustainability of industries like agriculture,
mining and tourism, fisheries and forestry.
Different Forms of
Conservation
S Management Strategies continued…
S
It recognizes that people and their livelihoods rely on the health and the
productivity of our landscapes, and their actions as stewards of the land
play a critical role in maintaining this health and productivity.
S
Examples of land managementS
DSE- Department of Sustainability- Minimizing the impacts of
pest plants and animals, protecting and enhancing native
vegetation, ameliorating and mitigating the impacts of
dryland salinity and other forms of land degradation, and
supporting Landcare and community capacity and
participation.
Different Forms of
Conservation
• Minimal impact strategies• Strategies and policies for different
environments- parks- both land and sea.
• Include- simple as “Pack in Pack Out” to
National/State Parks and Marine
Sanctuaries.
Different Forms of
Conservation
S Reduction in use of resourcesS Moving away from polluting practices, such
as; coal and petrol to produce energy.
S Moving to Sustainable Energy, such as; Solar,
Wind, Turbine etc.
S Others___________________________
Different Forms of
Conservation
S Reduction of waste and pollutionS A tax on Carbon in Australia for the major polluting
companies.
S Recycling across shires- the use of recycling bins.
S Cash for Cans
S Recycled paper
S Others_________________________________
Different Forms of
Conservation
S Education and awareness
S Outdoor and Environmental Studies.
S Schools- Primary and Secondary.
S Examples_______________________
S Conservation groups
Different Forms of
Conservation
• Development of environmentally friendly
energy sources
• Transport- walking, riding car pooling etc.
• Energy• Solar
• Wind
• Hydro
• Other__________________________
Different Forms of
Conservation
S Examples of Conservation CampaignsS Historic Campaigns
S Franklin Dam- Tasmania
S Lake Pedder- Tasmania
S
S
Campaigns to stop the government from building Hydro Dams and as a result
impacting on the biodiversity of the lakes.
Recent Campaigns- Links to website
S
S
S
S
S
Wilderness Society
Australian Conservation Foundation
Victorian National Parks Association
Greenpeace
Gould League
Conservation Attitudes Over
Time
S
Patterns of Conservation Interactions –
•
Aboriginal – areas for no hunting/gathering, only took what they needed, use of fire for
regeneration
•
Early European settlers – didn’t have any
•
1800s – didn’t have any until late 1800s when national parks first became a possibility
•
1900s – recognition of land degradation, environmental awareness, environment groups
formed, national parks formed, acts of parliament passed and implemented,
management strategies developed, use of resources limited
•
Now - ______________________________
•
WHY have these interactions changed? ___________________________________
Recreation
Recreation
S Recreation is an activity of leisure. The need to do
something for recreation is an essential element of human
biology and psychology. Recreational activities are done for
enjoyment, amusement or pleasure. The term recreation
implies participation to health refreshing mind and body.
S Outdoor Education definition- Recreation in the outdoors.
Types of Recreation
S
Fishing
S
Rock climbing
S
Bushwalking
S
Sky Diving
S
Hiking
S
Paragliding
S
Motorbike riding
S
Mountain Bike Riding
S
Shooting
S
Others________________________________
_______________________________
S
Camping
S
Watersports
S
4WD
Why do people participate in
Recreation
S Enjoyment
S Thrill seeking/rush
S Happiness
S Experiences
S Fitness
S Other???
S Social
S Risk taking
Primary Industries
S The sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources.
This includes agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining, and extraction
of oil and gas.
S This is contrasted with the secondary sector, producing manufactures
and other processed goods, and the tertiary sector, producing services.
S The primary sector is usually most important in less developed
countries, and typically less important in industrial countries.
S Environmental Impacts as a result?
Primary industries
S Related websites and organisations
S Department of primary Industries-
www.dpi.vic.gov.au
S Australian Government- Department of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Forestry- www.daff.gov.au
Forestry
S Forestry- is the interdisciplinary profession embracing the
science of managing, using and conserving forests and
associated resources in a sustainable manner to meet desired
goals, needs and values for human benefit.
S Protection of Forests in AustraliaS National and State Parks
S Reserves and Parks
S Sustainable Logging- Plantations e.g. Ballarat.
Mining
S Mining in Australia is a significant Primary Industry and a large
contributor to the Australian Economy. Historically Mining booms
have encouraged immigration and boosted the countries workforce
and population. There are a wide range of minerals that are mined in
Australia these include:
S
S
S
S
S
Iron ore – Australia was the world's third largest supplier in 2008 after
China and Brazil, supplying 342 million metric tonnes.
Nickel – Australia was the world's second largest producer in 2006 after
Russia.
Bauxite/aluminum
Copper
Gold – Australia is the second largest producer after China
Mining
S
Mining examples continuedS
S
S
S
S
S
Silver
Uranium – Australia is responsible for 11% of the world's production and was
the world's third largest producer in 2010 after Kazakhstan and Canada.
Diamond – Australia has the third largest commercially-viable deposits after
Russia and Botswana.
Opal – Australia is the world's largest producer of opal, being responsible for
95% of production.
Zinc – Australia was second only to China in zinc production in 2008,
producing just under 14% of world production.
Coal – Australia is the world's largest exporter of coal and fourth largest
producer of coal behind China, USA and India.
Mining
S Mining examples continuedS Oil shale
S Petroleum – Australia is the twenty-eighth largest producer of
petroleum
S Natural gas - Australia is world's third largest producer of LNG
and forecast to be world leader by 2020.
S Much of the raw material mined in Australia is exported overseas
to countries such as China for processing into refined product.
Energy and minerals constitute two thirds of Australia's total
exports to China, and more than half of Australia's iron ore
exports are to China.
Environment and and Political
effects of mining
S
Mining has had a substantial environmental impact in some areas of
Australia. Historically, the Victorian gold rush resulted in substantial
deforestation, consequent erosion, and arsenic pollution. The effects on the
landscape near Bendigo and Ballarat can still be seen today. Queenstown,
Tasmania’s mountains were also completely denuded through the
combination of logging and pollution from a mine smelter remain bare today.
S
Uranium mining has been controversial, partly for its alleged environmental
impact but more so because of its end uses in nuclear power and nuclear
weapons. The Australian Labor Party, maintains a policy of ‘No new
Uranium mines”. As the world’s demand for Uranium increases their has
been pressure both locally and internationally for this policy to change.
Australia is a participant in the international anti-proliferation efforts
designed to ensure that no exported Uranium is used in Nuclear weapons.
Fisheries
S Fisheries- is an entity engaged in raising or harvesting fish.
S
A fishery may involve the capture of wild fish or raising fish
through farming or aquaculture. Directly or Indirectly 500 million
people in developing countries depends on fisheries and
aquaculture. Overfishing, including the taking of fish beyond
sustainable levels is reducing stocks around the world.
S Protection of FisheriesS Marine National Parks
S Legislation and Laws aimed at protecting sustainable Fishing.
S
Catch Limits and Size Restrictions.
Agriculture
S
Victoria is Australia’s largest food and fibre exporting state. Our strong
agricultural sector produces goods valued at around $8 billion a year, or 28
per cent of the national total. Victoria’s temperate climate, high quality soils
and clean water support our world-class agriculture industries. The state’s
largest export earner, the dairy industry, provides no less than 7 per cent of
dairy products traded globally.
S
Australia is a major producer and exporter of Agriculture and its closely
related sectors earn $155 billion a year for a 12% share of Australia’s GDP.
S
Australian farmers and grazers own 135,996 farms, covering 61% of
Australia’s landmass.
Agriculture Continued…
S There are three main Agriculture zones in AustraliaS Tasmania and a narrow coastal zone- used for diary and beef production.
S Wheat and sheep zone- For wool, lamb and mutton. This zone is used for
grazing and winter crops.
S Pastoral Zone- Less fertile land used for grazing of beef and cattle and
sheep for wool.
S The major issues facing agriculture in Australia are drought, water
security, low soil fertility, overuse, weeds, global warming, biosecurity
(biological threats from imported foods and livestock), tariffs placed
upon Australian exports, subsidies to other countries and currency
fluctuations.
Energy
S Producing energy in Australia is done using different resources. We
require fossil fuels such as- coal and other resources to produce
electricity.
S Fossil fuels currently meet 95% of our stationary energy needs.
S Victoria’s renewable energy is generated by harnessing the sun’s
radiation or heat, the wind, the tides or heat stored underground to
make electricity and heat. Generating electricity from renewable
energy sources produces very little carbon pollution.
S Victorian Energy has been privatized and is currently owned by
private companies.
Tourism
S Tourism is making use of an environment to profit and make a
living.
S Different types of TourismS Eco-tourism- Sustainability
S Visiting Natural Resources
S Man made tourism- MCG, Water world etc.
S Tourism changes over the yearsS Technology increases have increased accessibility
Tourism Continued…
S Has Tourism benefited the Natural Environment?
S PositiveS
S
More money injected into area.
Improving area to make it more desirable.
S NegativeS More people = more impact
S Industralisation (Environmental Changes).
S Has Tourism changed societies relationship with the environment?
S Yes because we are more engaged and have more information
about what the environment has to offer.
Key Knowledge
S The factors influencing contemporary societal relationships
with outdoor environments, including:
S The effects of different technologies
S Commercialisation of outdoor environments and outdoor
experiences.
S Portrayals of outdoor environments and outdoor experiences in
the media, music, art, writing and advertising.
S Social responses to risk taking.
S Social and political discourses about climate change, water
management, biosecurity and other contemporary environmental
issues.
Technological Change in the
Outdoors
Case studies of changing technologies …
S
Technological change in the outdoors
Surfing
The design of surfboards
including shapes, curves,
tails, fins
Surf Research –
www.surfresearch.com.au
Technological change in the outdoors
Surfing
Board materials
Technological change in the outdoors
Surfing
Fin systems
Technological change in the outdoors
Surfing
Wax and deck grip …
Technological change in the outdoors
Surfing
Tow in surfing with jet skis …
Technological change in the outdoors
Surfing
Internet weather forecasts …
Technological change in the outdoors
Surfing
The next generation?
“Designer Marco Torres has designed a
surfboard with built in GPS and radio. The
concept is for separated surfers to locate
one another with ease through two-way
communication and a large onboard display,
while keeping riders apprised to changes in
currents and weather through constant
updates and weather alerts”
Technological change in the outdoors
Camping
Tents …
Technological change in the outdoors
Camping
Tents …
Technological change in the outdoors
Camping
Tent poles …
Technological change in the outdoors
Camping
Tent pegs …
Technological change in the outdoors
Camping
Fuel stoves …
Technological change in the outdoors
Camping
Sleeping mats …
Technological change in the outdoors
Camping
Packs …
Technological change in the outdoors
Camping
Boots, shoes and footwear …
Technological change in the outdoors
Camping
Navigation …
Technological change in the outdoors
Camping
Waterproof fabrics …
Technological change in the outdoors
Rockclimbing
Ropes …
Technological change in the outdoors
Rockclimbing
Harnesses …
Technological change in the outdoors
Rockclimbing
Helmets …
Technological change in the outdoors
Rockclimbing
Shoes …
Technological change in the outdoors
Rockclimbing
Specialist gear (cams, belay
plates, etc.) …
Technological change in the outdoors
Rockclimbing
Portaledges …
Technological change in the outdoors
Rockclimbing
Indoor climbing …
Effects of Technology on societies
relationships with the Outdoors
S How has Technology improved societies relationship with the
Outdoor environment?
S Safety
S Knowledge- environmentally sustainable
S Comfort
S Accessible
S Enjoyable
S How would Outdoor Experience of 100 years ago compare with
today’s experience due to advances in technology?
Effects of Technology on societies
relationships with the Outdoors
Continued…
S How would Outdoor Experience of 100 years ago compare
with today’s experience due to advances in technology?
S Less knowledge
S Impact on environment higher
S Accessibility reduced
S Harder- equipment, navigation etc.
Commercialisation of outdoor
environments and outdoor experiences.
S Has commercialisation been a good thing for the
environment?
S Depends- on your impact.
S 40 years ago- bad for the environment.
S Today we are much improved.
Commercialisation of outdoor environments
and outdoor experiences continued…
S Types of commercialisationS PositiveS
Tasmania- Cradle MountainS Minimal Impact
S Built boardwalks
S St. Kilda
S NegativeS
Any human intervention
Key Knowledge
S Portrayals of outdoor environments and outdoor
experiences in the media, music, art, writing and
advertising.
S How do these different forms of media portray the
Outdoors?
S Appealing- Sell the environment
S Fear- Unsafe, unpredictable etc.
S Risk Takers- Thrill seekers, irresponsible etc.
Portrayals of outdoor environments and outdoor
experiences in the media, music, art, writing and
advertising continued…
S How do they effect societies view and participation in the
Outdoors?
Positive and negative way.
S Excellent revision for this section- Revisit task on
“Portrayals of the Outdoors” (A3 double sided table). This
covers all of the different forms of media depicted above.
Xavier Rudd – Bow Down
I sit here now 2010 government still stealing land
Making lame excuses for their greed while that
oil spills into the sea
And the Whalers now still killing whales and old
growth bush still being raped
And I know we will have busy lives but sing along
if you have the time
Bow Down to your God
but don't forget about the earth
place your hand on a tree
Who's helping your breath
Give thanks to the sun
when you open your lungs
Throw your buts in the bin
help the old turtles swim
Selling tourism on sacred land while the local
mob sit on their hands
if what I'm speaking here makes any sense open
up my friend and jump the fence
Bow Down to your God
but don't forget about the earth
place your hand on a tree
Who's helping your breath
Give thanks to the sun
when you open your lungs
Throw your buts in the bin
help the old turtles swim
Freedom for all
Key Knowledge- Social
Response to Risk taking
S How does Society respond to Risk taking?
S
Bad- Deaths, injury, stupidity, irresponsible etc.
S
Positive- brave, adventurous, role model etc.
S Positive ExamplesS Negative Examples-
Social Response to Risk taking
continued…
S ExamplesS Jessica Watson (Sailing)- Irresponsible, brave, ground
breaking etc.
S Tim Holding- Parliamentary Minister (Bushwalking)-
became lost while on a bushwalk- underprepared.
S Extreme Kayaking- dangerous, insane, suicide etc.
S School Caving Incident- risk management, negligence etc.
Key Knowledge
S Social and political discourses about climate change, water
management, biosecurity and other contemporary environmental
issues.
S Social and Political Discourses- essentially Conversations about
Outdoor Environments amongst the community and within
Politics (government).
S E.g. Climate change conversations or debate.
Conversations around Climate
Change
S The Debate- How much effect on the Planet is Climate
Change making?
S Remember in your exam always back up your point of view
with evidence and/or real world examples.
Conversations around Climate
Change Continued…
S
ExamplesS
S
S
S
S
S
Irregular weather
Rising of sea levels
Coral bleaching
Whale beaching etc.
Real world example- Carbon Tax, Investing in clean energy etc.
StakeholdersS
S
S
S
Conservationists
Fossil Fuel producers and/or companies
Meteorologist
Society etc.
Conversations around Water
Management
S Main issues surrounding water management?
S Drought and weather
S Pollution
S Allocation- sustainably
S Stakeholders involved?
S Government
S Water companies
S Farmers and local members of the community
S Main example- Murray-Darling Basin.
Conversations around
Biosecurity
S Definition- Procedures intended to protect humans or animals
against disease or harmful biological agents: "biosecurity risks".
S Types of protective processesS Customs
S Hendra Virus
S Equine Influenza
Other Contemporary Issues
S Mining Fossil fuels and burning Fossil fuels for energy.
S Sea Level rising.
S Greenhouse gases.
S Ocean Acidification.
S Environmental Degradation- Invasive species and Habitat
Destruction.