Update on the NIST Smart Grid Standardization Efforts
Nada Golmie
National Institute of Standards and Technology
November 16, 2009
The NIST Role
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007
Title XIII, Section 1305.
Smart Grid Interoperability Framework
In cooperation with the DoE and other stakeholders,
NIST has “primary responsibility to coordinate
development of a framework that includes protocols
and model standards for information management to
achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and
systems…”
Outline
• Smart Grid Interoperability Panel
• NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid
Interoperability Standards
– Priority Action Plan for IP – PAP#1
– Priority Action Plan for Wireless Communications – PAP#2
– Application communication requirements
3
NIST Three Phase Plan
PHASE 1
Engage stakeholders in a participatory public process to
identify applicable standards, gaps in currently available
standards and priorities for new standardization activities
PHASE 2
Public review
and comments
(Draft) Framework
and Roadmap for
Smart Grid
Interoperability
Standards (
Release 1.0)
Establish a formal
standards panel to drive
longer-term progress.
(Final) Framework
and Roadmap for
Smart Grid
Interoperability
Standards (
Release 1.0)
PHASE 3
Develop and
implement a
framework for
testing and
certification
2010
March
2009
November
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Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) Vision
•
•
•
•
•
•
Public-private partnership to support NIST EISA responsibility
Open, transparent body
Representation from all smart grid stakeholder groups
Open to any materially interested stakeholder organizations
Not dominated by any one group
SGIP does not directly develop or write standards
– Stakeholders participate in the ongoing coordination, acceleration and
harmonization of standards development.
– Reviews use cases, identifies requirements, coordinates
conformance testing, and proposes action plans for achieving these goals.
5
NIST Oversight
SGIP Structure
Smart Grid
Identified
Standards
Stakeholder
Category
Members (22)
SGIP
Standing
Committee
Members (2)
One Organization,
One Vote
Use Cases
At large
Members (3)
Ex Officio
(non-voting)
Members
SGIPGB
Priority
Action
Plans
Requirement
s
Standing
Committees
Working
Groups
SGIP
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel and Governing Board
Standards
Descriptio
ns
Conceptual Model
Products (IKB)
6
SGIP Stakeholder Categories
1
Appliance and consumer electronics providers
12
Power equipment manufacturers and vendors
2
Commercial and Industrial equipment manufacturers
and automation vendors
13
Professional societies, users groups, trade
associations and industry consortia
3
Consumers – Residential, Commercial and Industrial
14
R&D organizations and academia
4
Electric transportation industry Stakeholders
15
Relevant Federal Government Agencies
5
Electric utility companies – Investor Owned Utilities
(IOU) and Publicly Owned Utilities
16
Renewable Power Producers
6
Electric utility companies - Municipal (MUNI)
17
Retail Service Providers
7
Electric utility companies - Rural Electric Association
(REA)
18
Standard and specification development
organizations (SDOs)
8
Electricity and financial market traders (includes
aggregators)
19
State and local regulators
20
Testing and Certification Vendors
21
Transmission operators and Independent System
Operators
22
Venture Capital
9
Independent power producers
10
Information and communication technologies (ICT)
Infrastructure and Service Providers
11
Information technology (IT) application developers and
integrators
7
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SGIP: Governing Board Vision
•
•
•
Maintains a broad perspective of the NIST Interoperability Framework
and supports NIST
Provides guidance and tools that make it an impartial and practical
resource for SG stakeholders
Members representing a broad community based on breadth of
experience and involvement
– Each stakeholder category has a position on Governing Board
– Additional at-large and ex-officio members
– Nominating committee process in steady state
•
Consensus is a core value
– All legitimate views and proposals are considered
– Voting mechanisms to be defined
8
First Phase Initial Output: NIST Framework and Roadmap for
Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0
• A conceptual reference model to facilitate design of
an architecture for the Smart Grid overall and for
each of its networked domains;
• An initial set of standards;
• Priorities for additional standards necessary to
resolve important gaps and to assure the
interoperability, reliability, and security of Smart Grid
components; and
• Action plans for responding to short-term and longterm needs for standards, including recommended
timetables and identification of necessary
collaborative relationships with standards
development organizations (SDOs) with expertise in
Smart Grid domains or technology areas
Smart Grid Priority Action Plans
Target Date
Smart meter upgradeability standard
completed
Common specification for price and product
definition
early 2010
Common scheduling mechanism for energy
transactions
year-end
2009
Common information model for distribution
grid management
year-end
2010
Standard demand response signals
January
2010
Standard for energy use information
January
2010
2010
IEC 61850 Objects / DNP3 Mapping
Smart Grid Priority Action Plans
(continued)
Target Date
Time synchronization
Transmission and distribution power
systems models mapping
mid-2010
year-end 2010
Guidelines for use of IP protocol suite in the mid-year 2010
Smart Grid
Guidelines for use of wireless
mid-year 2010
communications in the Smart Grid
Electric storage interconnection guidelines
mid-2010
Interoperability standards to support plug-in December
electric vehicles
2010
Standard meter data profiles
year-end 2010
Harmonize Power Line Carrier Standards
Just added
for Appliance Communications in the Home
Level of urgency
• The $3.4 billion in U.S. Smart Grid Investment Grants, combined
with matching $4.7 billion in private funds ($8.1 billion total) will
result in deployment, over the next 3-4 years of
– 40 million smart meters (about 1/4 of the total meter base in the
U.S.)
– 850 phasor measurement units covering 100% of the grid
– 200,000 smart transformers
– 700 automated substations
– 1 million in-home displays
– 170,000 smart thermostats
– 175,000 other load control devices.
• There is only a very small window of opportunity to specify the
standards that will be used in these deployments since they will
be completed within 3-4 years.
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Smart Grid cyber security strategy
• Cyber Security Coordination Task Group (CSCTG) to develop a
set of recommended cyber security requirements
http://collaborate.nist.gov/twikisggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/CyberSecurityCTG
• Draft NIST Interagency Report (NISTIR) 7628, Smart Grid Cyber
Security Strategy and Requirements
– Comments must be received on or before December 1, 2009
– How to provide comments:
http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2009/E9-24430.htm
– Final document planned for publication in March 2010.
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Issue: Role of Internet Protocol(s) in the Smart Grid
• The Smart Grid will use a variety of different networking
environments across different smart grid domains and
sub-domains
• Given its predominance and ubiquity, the Internet
technology (IP) is a key networking technology to
consider in the context of the Smart Grid
• A number of challenges remain to be addressed due to
the requirements imposed by many Smart Grid
environments and applications:
– What suite of IP protocols are applicable for specific Smart Grid
applications?
– What suite of IP protocols should be used for network control?
management? security?
– Are there any gaps with existing protocols?
– Should new protocols/extensions be developed?
IP PAP#1: Guidelines for the use of IP protocol suite in the
Smart Grid
•
Develop Smart Grid application communication requirements
and devise a taxonomy for applications with similar network
requirements
– Draft matrix under development and available for review
http://collaborate.nist.gov/twikisggrid/pub/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/app_matrix_pap.xls
•
Identify a Core Protocol Suite for IP-based Smart Grid
– IETF drafts and reports submitted for considerations
http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/PAP01InternetProfile
•
Develop Application-Specific Protocol Requirements
– Identify additional protocols or protocol enhancements beyond the core
suite required by a specific class of applications
– Develop guidelines for IP-based Smart Grid networks
•
Perform Gap Analysis
– Identify new protocol or protocol enhancement standardization
activities required to fully support the Smart Grid Vision
15
Issue: Use of wireless communications in the Smart Grid
• There are a number of advantages for using wireless
communications including:
–
–
–
–
–
Untethered access to information
Mobility
Interoperability
Reduced cost and complexity
Availability of technologies with different characteristics to choose
from
• A number of challenges remain to be addressed:
– How to choose among technologies with different characteristics?
– How do we know which technology to use for what Smart Grid
application?
– Are there any implications for using a certain wireless technology
in a certain environment?
– Are there any deployment? Interference issues?
Wireless PAP#2 Guidelines for the use of wireless communications
in the Smart Grid
•
Develop Smart Grid application communication requirements and
devise a taxonomy for applications with similar network requirements
–
Draft under development and available for review
http://collaborate.nist.gov/twikisggrid/pub/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/app_matrix_pap.xls
•
•
Develop terminology and definitions
Create an attribute list and performance metrics for wireless standards
–
•
•
http://collaborate.nist.gov/twikisggrid/pub/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/NIST_PAP2-_Wireless_CharacteristicsIEEE802-v_02.xls
Create an inventory of wireless technologies and standards that are
identified by each SDO
–
•
Draft developed and available for review
Feedback is expected by December 6, 2009.
Conduct an evaluation of the wireless technologies based on the
application requirements
Perform a gap analysis and developing guidelines for the use of
wireless technologies.
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Approach for developing application communication
requirements
•
Develop a set of characteristics to capture the application
communication
–
–
–
–
•
List a representative set of Smart Grid applications
–
–
•
•
•
How much data is being exchanged?
How often is the data being exchanged?
How much delay can data delivery incur?
Who are the recipients of the data?
Identify different applications or applications with different characteristics
Applications belonging to a different Smart Grid domain are not
necessarily different from this stand point
Place characteristics and application types on a two dimensional
matrix where columns represent the characteristics and rows
represent application types
Devise a taxonomy for applications with similar network requirements
Fill out matrix entries
18
Progress to date on developing application communication
requirements
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•
•
•
Reviewed many Smart Grid use cases, reports, white papers
Reviewed FCC NOI filings on the implementation of Smart Grid
technology
– http://www.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2009/db09
04/DA-09-2017A1.txt
Developed a draft in cooperation with utility groups, Open SG, SG
stakeholders, interested parties
Posted draft for review on twiki and on PAP mailing lists
– http://collaborate.nist.gov/twikisggrid/pub/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/app_matrix_pap.xls
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Seeking input on the application communication
requirements
1. Related to the application characteristics – or columns
in the matrix:
•
Do you have any comments on the columns capturing the
characteristics? Are there any missing columns?
2. Related to the application types – or rows in the matrix:
•
Are the rows representative of the Smart Grid space and
domains? Are there any missing applications?
3. Related to the quantitative requirements – or matrix
entries:
•
Do you have any numbers, aware of any numbers, reports that
contain numbers?
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What’s next
First SGIP meeting held at the Grid-Interop Conference,
November 16-19, 2009 in Denver, Colorado
– SGIP charter ratification
– SGIP governing board (electronic) elections and results
– Priority action plan workshop
Sources
• NIST Smart Grid web site
http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/
• NIST Smart Grid Twiki
http://collaborate.nist.gov/twikisggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/WebHome
• IP Priority Action Plan
http://collaborate.nist.gov/twikisggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/PAP01InternetProfile
• Wireless Priority Action Plan
http://collaborate.nist.gov/twikisggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless
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