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8TH GRADE
II PARTIAL
Nutrients are found in the food we eat every
day.Nutrients are used in:
* Formation and maintenance of tissues
* Well functioning of our internal organs
* Obtaining necessary daily energy
* All the activities our organism does.
NUTRIENTS
PROTEINS CARBOHIDRATES FATS VITAMINS
MINERALS WATER
* PROTEINS
SUBSTANCES THAT ARE PART OF ANIMAL TISSUE SUCH AS
BLOOD,SKIN,MUSCLES ETC SO AS VEGETABLE
TISSUES;SEEDS,ROOTS,LEAVES .
THE WORD PROTEIN COMES FROM THE GREEK WORD MEANING
PROTEIOS THAT MEANS FIRST PLACE.
PROTEINS ARE COMPLEX SUBSTANCES THAT HAVE:
* CARBON
* HIDROGEN
* OXYGEN
* NITROGEN
They are formed by small elements called aminoacids that get
together forming chains and depending on which ones tie that is
the type of protein they make.There are 23 types of aminoacids
from which 8 are essential since our body cant make them and
must be taken in through food.
They have many functons in metabolism and are building blocks in
proteins. Since they are important in nutrition they are commonly
used in nutritious supplements.
*
* PROTEIN FUNCTIONS
When we eat,proteins go through simplification
and division and are separated in different
aminoacids.These aminoacids go through tissues
and are combined to form different types of
proteins that have different functions.
* They are part of tissues such as:
muscles,nerves,bones,blood,etc.
* They are part of secretions:
* Saliva,thyroid,pancreas.
* When our body doesn’t receive enough proteins
then the secretions diminish.
* Protect and help stop infections and illnesses.
* They are an energy source.
FROM WHERE DO WE GET PROTEINS?
Most of our food has proteins but in a variable
proportion.Sugar and fats do not have them
while vegetables have these in poor
quantity.Animal food has them in big quantities
so as legumes in dry seeds .These are the best
source of proteins.
Combining foods with proteins with those that
do not have them is a good choice since there is
a balance. Rice and beans,rice and milk ,beef
soup ,mondongo soup,and spaguetti with cheese
are good examples of those.
BEEF
PORK
POULTRY
FISH
SEA FOOD
DAIRY: MILK,CHEESE,YOGURT
* BEANS
* PEAS
* PEANUTS,NUTS
* ALMONDS
* CASHEWS
* CEREALS
*
SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES
COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES
SUGARS
BREADS
JELLIES,JAMS
PASTAS
SODAS
CEREALS
HONEYS
BEANS
SWEETS
YUCA,CAMOTE,PLANTAIN,
MALANGA,POTATO,LLAME
*
* Carbohydrates
are energy source for humans.We find
them in grains,cereals and some tubers.They are the
basic fuel for human body and they are needed for
many body functions. Our brain uses a carbohydrate
called glucose to function adequately.
* Carbohydrates have carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.
* They form chains of two or more simple carbohydrate
that make a complex carbohydrate.
* They give energy for :
* 1. Physical activity
* 2.Body functioning
* 3.Give body temperature
* 4.Child’s growth
* 5. They save proteins stopping
source and let them
repairment of tissues.
them to be an energy
work on formation and
* Fiber is a complex carbohydrate .It can’t be digested by our
organism but it is part of the digestive process.It helps the
intestine movement ,excrete,helps avoid constipation,
so as hemorroids and colon cancer. It is known as the broom of
the digestive system.
FOODS THAT HAVE FIBER
* Fruits eaten with their skin;apples,grapes,pears,guayaba,plums.
* Raw vegetables : celery,cabagge,squash,carrot
* Legumes: peas and beans
*
*FATS
* Fats
are made up of elements called grease acids.As
carbohydrates they have carbon,hydrogen and oxygen. Fats
are important for our organism’s function but must be taken
in small amounts because eating too much of them and a
sedentary life can cause many diseases.
* Fats can be saturated and nonsaturated.
* Saturated fats are solid and are found in food from animals.
* Nonsaturated fats are usually liquid and are found in
vegetables like vegetable oil except for coconut and African
palm oil who have lots of saturated fats.
FUNCTIONS OF FATS IN ORGANISM
* They give more energy than carbohydrates and proteins.
* Serve as vehicles for vitamins that are water soluble.
* Help regulate body temperature.
Examples of edible animal fats are lard,fish oil,and butter. These are
obtained from animals meat or under their skin so as from milk.
Examples of edible plant fats are peanuts,sesame,coconut,soy and
olive oil,cocoa butter and margarine.
All these can be classified into saturated and nonsaturated fats.
* Oils
* Margarine
* Greasy meats
* Shortening
* Sour cream
* Greasy cheeses
* Kidneys
* Cold meats
* Mayonese
* Liver
*
*VITAMINS
VITAMINS :
These are nutrients that regulate processes in our organism.
They do not provide us with energy and do not form any part
of our body.They are needed in our organism but in small
quantities.
They can be dissolved in water or in fats.
HIDROSOLUBLE: These vitamins are found dissolved in food’s
water and are vitamins B and C. These vitamins move freely
in our organism and our kidneys eliminate the excess through
urine.Because of this they must be consumed daily to cover
our organism needs.
LIPOSOLUBLE:These vitamins are found in food’s fats.These
are A , D ,E ,K . These are absorbed by our organism in a
slower process and stay in the cells with the fats.The excess
is stored in the body to be used in future needs.
*
* Vitamins are substances that your body needs to grow and
develop normally. There are 13 vitamins your body needs. They
are vitamins A, C, D, E, K and the B vitamins (thiamine,
riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B-6, vitamin
B-12 and folate). You can usually get all your vitamins from the
foods you eat. Your body can also make vitamins D and K.
People who eat a vegetarian diet may need to take a vitamin
B12 supplement.
* Each vitamin has specific jobs. If you have low levels of certain
vitamins, you may develop a deficiency disease. For example, if
you don't get enough vitamin D, you could develop rickets.
Some vitamins may help prevent medical problems. Vitamin A
prevents night blindness.
* The best way to get enough vitamins is to eat a balanced diet
with a variety of foods. In some cases, you may need to take a
daily multivitamin for optimal health. However, high doses of
some vitamins can make you sick.
VITAMIN B 1
VITAMIN B 2
VITAMIN B3

improves mental ability

beneficial in treatment of heart disease

useful for growth

intervenes in the usage of energy and proteins.

protects against anemia

promotes normal growth and development

NIACIN


VITAMIN B 5
maintains normal function of the skin, nerves and
digestive system
intervenes in skin
intervenes in the metabolism of carbohydrates,fats
and proteins.
• helps fight infection by building antibodies
• speeds wound healing
VITAMIN B 6

Plays an important role in the formation of aminoacids
VITAMIN B 12

Energizes the body
VITAMIN A
VITAMIN C

assists in growth and repair of body cells

fights skin disorders

improves vision including night blindness

speeds wound healing


necessary for proper functioning of the brain and
nerves
blocks the conversion of nitrosamines into
carcinogens (cancer-causing substances)
VITAMIN D
encourages iron absorption
Maintains levels of calcium and phosphorus
VITAMIN E
Uses calcium for strong bones and teeth
boosts the immune system

•
•
•
VITAMIN K

helps prevent cancer
protects against cardiovascular disease
beneficial in the treatment of cancer ,promotes
proper blood clotting ,helps prevent internal
bleeding and hemorrhages
VITAMIN
NAME
SOURCES
SQUASH SPINACH
VIT A
RETINOL
ORANGE VEGETABLES
AND FRUITS
VIT B 1
THIAMINE
OATS COLIFLOWER
,POTATOES,EGGS,
LIVER
VIT B 2
RIBOFLAVIN
BANANAS , POPCORN,
GREEN BEANS ,
ASPARAGHUS
VIT B 3
NIACIN
MEATS,FISH,EGGS,NU
VITAMIN
NAME
SOURCES
VIT B 7
BIOTIN
RAW EGG YOLKS,LIVER EGGS,
AND SOME GREEN VEGETABLES
VIT B 9
FOLIC ACID
LEAFY VEGETABLES,PASTA,
BREAD, CEREAL
VIT C
ASCORBIC ACID
MANY FRUITS AND VEGETABLES,
LIVER
VIT D
CHOLECALCIFEROL
FISH, EGGS, LIVER,
MUSHROOMS.
VIT E
VIT K
TOCOPHEROLS, TOCOTRIENOLS MANY FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.
PHYLLOQUINONE,
MENAQUINONES
MINERALS
Just like vitamins, minerals help your body grow, develop,
and stay healthy. The body uses minerals to perform many
different functions — from building strong bones to
transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are even used
to make hormones or maintain a normal heartbeat.
Macro and Trace
The two kinds of minerals are: macrominerals and trace
minerals. Macro means "large" in Greek (and your body
needs larger amounts of macrominerals than trace
minerals). The macromineral group is made up of calcium,
phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and
sulfur.
A trace of something means that there is
only a little of it. So even though your body
needs trace minerals, it needs just a tiny bit
of each one. Scientists aren't even sure how
much of these minerals you need each day.
Trace minerals includes iron, manganese,
copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and
selenium.
CALCIUM
IRON
POTASSIUM
ZINC
DAIRY PRODUCTS
CANNED SALMONS AND SARDINES
GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES
HELPS BUILD STRONG
BONES AND TEETH.
MEAT
BEANS
GREEN VEGETABLES
HELPS IN THE FORMATION
OF HEMOGLOBIN
BANANAS
BROCOLI
TOMATOES
POTATOES
KEEPS MUSCLES AND
NERVOUS SYSTEM
WORKING PROPERLY.
BEEF
PORK
LAMB
LEGUMES SEAFOOD
HELPS INMUNE SYSTEM
FIGHT DISSEASES AND
INFECTIONS
HELPS HEAL CUTS
MAGNESIUM
PHOSPHORUS
COPPER
IODINE
HELPS MUSCLES AND NERVES
FUNCTION WELL
KEEPS BONES STRONG
WHOLE GRAINS
NUTS SEEDS
GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES
AVOCADOS
HEALTHY BONES AND TEETH
HELPS BODY MAKE ENERGY
MOST FOODS CONTAIN
PHOSPHORUS BUT THE BEST
SOURCES ARE DAIRY,MEAT ,
AND FISH.
HELPS IN THE FORMATION OF RED
BLOOD CELLS.
HELPS SUPPLY OXYGEN TO THE
BODY.
KIWI
LEGUMES
NUTS
BEEF
IT IS NECESSARY FOR THE WELL
FUNCTIONING OF THE THYROID
GLAND
SEAFOOD, VEGETABLES
GROWN IN SOILS RICH IN
IODINE, IODINE SALT
NUTRITIONAL
PROBLEMS
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* CHRISTMAS CRAFT
* 2 COOKING LABS
* POSTER
20
20
15
EVALUATION
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