Central Philippine University
School of Graduate Studies
Lopez-Jaena Street, Iloilo City
LESSON PRESENTATION
Unit III - Planning
MARIA REYLAN M. GARCIA, R.N.
At the end of the interactive discussion, the graduate
students will be able to:
a.
b.
c.
Define planning as an element of
management and of nursing practice
Arrange the different components of
the planning hierarchy
Identify the reasons or purposes of
planning
d.
e.
f.
Differentiate the four
modes/orientations of planning and the
different types of planning
Describe the strategic planning process
using the 9-method approach
Differentiate the budgeting methods of
fiscal planning
g.
h.
i.
Criticize a planned expenditure using a
decision package of the Zero-based
budgeting approach
Verbalize the importance of the
components of planning hierarchy in
the entire dynamics of an organization
Make a personal vision, mission and
philosophy
I.
a.
II.
DEFINITION OF PLANNING
Planning in the Management Process
b. Planning in Nursing
c. Planning Hierarchy
REASONS/PURPOSES OF PLANNING
III. TYPES OF PLANNING
a.
b.
Modes/Orientation
Strategic Planning
c. Operational Planning
d. Fiscal Planning
e. Tactical Planning
He, who fails to plan, plans to
fail.
Failure is not an option in
nursing.
Plans may become the best
weapons.
Planning is deciding
in advance what to
do; who is to do it;
and how, when, and
where it is to be
done.
PLANNING IN THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS



Henry Fayol
wise use of
resources and
the selection of
the best
approaches
proactive and
deliberate
process
PLANNING IN THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS



skills like vision,
creativity,
flexibility and
energy
continuous
process
management
functions are
interdependent
PLANNING IN NURSING


Nurse administrators do
not want to leave events
to chance
provide nursing care
desired and needed by
the clients
PLANNING HIERARCHY
Vision and Mission
Philosophy
Goals and Objectives
Policies and Procedures
Rules
VISION AND MISSION STATEMENTS


Vision statements are used
to describe future goals of
the organization.
Mission statements are
brief statements identifying
the reason why an
organization exists.
PHILOSOPHY STATEMENTS

The philosophy flows
from the mission
statement and then
delineates the set of
values and beliefs
that guides all
actions of the
organization.
GOALS AND OBJECIVES


A goal is the direct result toward
which effort is directed; it is the
aim of the philosophy.
Objectives are similar to goals; but
they are more specified and
measurable than goals because
they identify how and when the
goal is to be accomplished.
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES


Policies are plans reduced into
statements or instructions that
direct organizations in their
decision-making.
Procedures are plans that establish
customary or acceptable ways of
accomplishing a specific task and
delineate a sequence of steps of
required action.
RULES

Rules and regulations are plans
that define specific action or
nonaction.
WRITE YOUR OWN



VISION
MISSION
PHILOSOPHY





increases the chances of success
forces analytic thinking and
evaluation of alternatives
establishes a framework for
decision making
orients people to action rather
than reaction
includes day-to-day and futurefocused managing




helps avoid crisis management
and provides decision-making
flexibility.
basis for managing organizational
and individual performance
increases employee involvement
and improves communication
cost-effective
MODES / ORIENTATION
 Reactivism
 Inactivism
 Preactivism
 Proactivism
TACTICAL PLANNING



short-term planning
Lower-level units
The plans only span for one
year or less because of
short-term goals.
STRATEGIC PLANNING



long-term planning
involves a long period,
usually three to ten
years
forecasts the future
success of an
organization
9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING
The Mission
and the
Creed
Data
Collection
and Analysis
Assess
strengths and
weaknesses
9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING
Goals and
Objectives
Strategies
Timetable
9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING
Operational
and
Functional
Plans
Implementation
Evaluation
9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Mission and the Creed
Data Collection and
Analysis
Assess strengths and
weaknesses
Goals and Objectives
Strategies
9 PHASES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING
6.
7.
8.
9.
Timetable
Operational and
Functional Plans
Implementation
Evaluation
OPERATIONAL PLANNING



This is the written
blueprint for
achieving
objectives
management plan
Support tactical
plans
FISCAL PLANNING


It is forecasting the costs
of the organization based
on current and projected
needs.
Budget estimates
expenditures and
revenues by an agent for
a stated future period.
4 COMMON BUDGETING METHODS




Incremental Budgeting
Flexible Budgeting
New Performance
Budgeting
Zero-based Budgeting
ZERO-BASED BUDGETING

This type of budgeting
method does not
automatically assume
that since a program
has been funded
previously, it should
continue to be funded.
ZERO-BASED BUDGETING: EXAMPLE
On implementing a mandatory
Hepatitis B vaccination program at a
nursing school
Objectives
 Driving Forces
Restraining Forces


ZERO-BASED BUDGETING: EXAMPLE
On implementing a mandatory
Hepatitis B vaccination program at a
nursing school



Alternative 1
Alternative 2
Alternative 3
 Marquis,
B., & Huston, C. (2009). Leadership Roles
and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory
and Application 6th edition. 530 Walnut Street,
Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
 Roussel, L. (2006). Nursing Management and
Leadership 4th edition. 40 Tall Pine Drive, Sudbury,
MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishing, Inc.
 CliffsNotes. (2012). Detailing Types of Plans.
Retrieved January 10, 2012, from
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/DetailingTypes-of-Plans.topicArticleId-8944,articleId8871.html