Opal-RT Technologies
Opal-RT Technologies
Real-time Simulation of 15-bus
Electric Grids interconnected
with an 192-pulse STATCOM
using the eMEGAsim
simulator
Weihua Wang
Opal-RT Technologies
July 9th, 2009
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
www.opal-rt.com RT-LAB Electrical Applications
2007.03.20
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 Introduction to the eMEGAsim Real-Time Simulator
 Configuration of the Simulated Power System Models

The Power Grid Model

The STATCOM Model
 Model Distribution and Performance
 Sample Test Scenarios
 Result Cross-validation of Different Simulation Platforms
 Conclusion
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eMEGAsim SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
ARTEMiS™Toolboxes
RTeDRIVE™ for RT-Events™
Opal-RT
SIMULINK
Blocksets
State
Sta
Stateflow
SimPower
Systems
Real-Time
S
Workshop
RT-LAB™
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eMEGAsim
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eMEGAsim Basic Hardware ARCHITECTURE
CPU
eMEGAsim
Sh.Mem.
PCI
16 An Out
16 An In
Carrier
CPU
16 Dig Out
16 Dig In
OHCI
InfiniBand
Dolphin
PCI
Carrier
FPGA
(OP5110)
PC-Based Real-Time Simulator 1
OHCI
InfiniBand
Dolphin
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PC-Based RT Sim. 2
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The Simulated Power Grid Model
6 excitation systems
(IEEE type 1
sychronous machine
voltage regulator)
6 Synchronous generators
with complete alternator
modeled in the full park DQ rotor reference frame
and mechanical parts
12 ArtemisTM Distributed
Parameter Lines (DPL)
using Begeron DPL
model
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8 hybrid loads (with
70% induction motor
and 30% constant
impedance load)
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The 192-pulse STATCOM Model
24 Switches per Group, and 8 Groups,
192 Switches in total
RTE Drive TM Time
Stamped Bridge
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Model Distribution – Grid Model
CPU 3
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CPU 1
CPU 2
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Model Distribution and Performance
- the Grid Model
Components Content
Calculation
Time*
CPU1:
Network1
•3 Synchronous Machines
•3 Three-phase Two-winding
Transformers
•6 DPL (1/2 decoupling)
•3 Induction Motors
•3 Three-phase RLC loads
25us (50%)
(50 us Timestep)
CPU2:
Network2
•3 Synchronous Machines
•3 Three-phase Two-winding
Transformers
•1 Three-phase Threewinding Transformers
• 6 DPLs (1/2 decoupling) and
6 DPLs
•5 Induction Motors
•5 Three-phase RLC loads
•1 Capacitor Bank
31us (62%)
(50 us Timestep)
•6 Synchronous Machine
Controllers
9us (9%)
(100us Timestep)
CPU3:
Controllers
* The eMEGAsim target computer used for the test is a dual Intel® Core
TM
Minimum
Step size
Acceleration
Factor**
40us
116
(50us)
2 Quad Processors, 2.3GHz, 2 GB RAM
** The Windows-based PC station used for the test is a Intel® CoreTM 2 Duo CPU, 2GHz, 2 GB RAM
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Model Distribution and Performance
- the STATCOM Model
Component Content
Calculation
Time*
•24 Single-phase Two-winding
Transformers
•1 Three-phase Two-winding
Transformers
•1 Three-phase Harmonic Filter
•2 Three-phase ideal sources
•2 Three-phase RLC loads
•2 DPLs
•1 STATCOM main controller
22us (44%)
(50 us Timestep)
CPU2:
STATCOM
Groups 1 to 4
• 8 Three-Level Time-stamped
Bridges (96 switches)
• 4 PWM Firing Units
33us (66%)
(50 us Timestep)
CPU3:
STATCOM
Groups 5 to 8
•8 Three-Level Time-stamped
Bridges (72 switches)
• 4 PWM Firing Units
33 us (66%)
(50us Time-step)
CPU1:
Network
* The eMEGAsim target computer used for the test is a dual Intel® Core
TM
Minimum
Step size
Acceleration
Factor**
6.7***
(50us)
37us
35****
(50us)
15124*****
(Variable Steps)
2 Quad Processors, 2.3GHz, 2 GB RAM
** The Windows-based PC station used for the test is a Intel® CoreTM 2 Duo CPU, 2GHz, 2 GB RAM
***All IGBTs were simulated by the Time-stamped Bridges from RTeDRIVETM using the Art5 solver from ArtemisTM .
**** All IGBTs were simulated by the Three-level Bridges from the SimPowerSystem using the Art5 solver from ArtemisTM .
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***** All IGBTs were simulated by the Three-level Bridges from the SimPowerSystem using Ode23t (Trapezoidal solver).
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Model Distribution and Performance
- the Power Grid with a STATCOM Model
CPU1:
Network1
CPU2:
Network2
CPU3:
PCC
CPU4:
STATCOM
CPU5:
STATCOM
CPU6:
Controller
Component
Content
•3
Synchronous
Machines and
their controllers
•3 Threephase Twowinding
Transformers
•6 DPL (1/2
decoupling)
•3 Induction
Motors
•3 Three-phase
RLC loads
•3 Synchronous
Machines and their
controllers
•3 Three-phase
Two-winding
Transformers
•6 DPL (1/2
decoupling)
•3 Induction Motors
•3 Three-phase RLC
loads
•2 ideal switches
•2 Power Calculation
blocks
•1 Three-phase
Three-winding
Transformers
• 24 Single-phase
Two-winding
Transformers
•12 DPLs (1/2
decoupling)
•1 Capacitor
Bank
•2 Induction
Motors
•2 Three-Phase
RLC loads
•8 Three-Level
Time-stamped
Bridges (96
switches)
• 4 PWM Firing
Units
•8 ThreeLevel Timestamped
Bridges (96
switches)
• 4 PWM
Firing Units
•1 STATCOM
main controller
Calculation
Time*
23 us (46%)
(50 usTimestep)
29 us (58%)
(50 usTime-step)
30 us (60%)
(50 usTime-step)
33 us (66%)
(50 usTimestep)
Minimum
Step size
Acceleration
Factor**
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45 us
33 us (66%)
(50 usTimestep)
7 us (14%)
(50 us Timestep)
* The eMEGAsim target computer used for the
test is a dual Intel® Core TM 2 Quad Processors,
2.3GHz, 2 GB RAM
** The Windows-based PC station used for the
TM 2 Duo CPU, 2GHz, 2 GB
RAM
142 (50us) test is a Intel® Core
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Sample Test Scenarios
• Short-circuit Faults
 Single-phase fault
 Phase-phase fault
 Three-phase fault
• Generator Switching
• Load Switching
• STATCOM switching
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Sample Results
Real-time simulation results for the voltage and current at Bus 6
Three-phase-to-ground
fault applied at t=0.15s for
a duration of 0.1 seconds
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Results Cross-validation
• STATCOM voltage phase-A. (unit 104V)
•
•
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Red for Reference model (made in EMTP) at time-step of 3us
Blue for the STATCOM model made with Simpowersystem, RT-LAB,
RT-Events and RTE-Drive running at time-step of 50 us, and green for
voltage reference)
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Conclusion
• A 15-bus electric grids interconnected with an
192-pulse STATCOM can be simulated on the
validated eMEGAsim simulator
• The real-time simulation can be executed at a
time-step less than 50 microseconds with
adequate accuracy on the eMEGAsim platform
• Scenarios, including short-circuit faults, load
and generator switching can be studied with the
eMEGAsim using a detailed modeling approach
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